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Summary of Management / Forest Protection Activities

in the

Sungai Wain Protection Forest (SWPF)

2017

Translated from the annual report prepared by:

Pro Natura Foundation In accordance with the Collaborative Agreement (PKS)

between the Pro Natura Foundation and the Privincial Forestry Office, East Kalimantan

No 522/2907/DK-II/2016

Early morning mist rising off primary forest of the Sungai Wain Protection Forest, with Balikpapan bay in the background

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Summary of Management / Forest Protection Activities in the Sungai Wain Protection Forest, 2017

The results of the management of the Sungai Wain Protection Forest (SWPF) organized by the Pro Natura

Foundation for the year 2017 are reported. This report is primarily based on translations of the quarterly

reports on management prepared by the leader of the Protection Team for submission to the Government.

There were a total of 123 “incidents” reported over the year (average of 10 per month) with the largest

number (32) reported in October. Poaching has remained the primary threat to SWPF for the last 6 months.

Snares for deer and pigs, and bird poachers, have been encountered both near the external forest edge and

in the ecotourism zone. Of the 36 incidents reported, 26 (72%) relate either directly to poaching or illegal

harvesting of forest products, or are believed to be related to this (e.g. trails used by poachers). Access is

possible on all borders, but the eastern and southwest borders have been of particular concern, partly

because so many people live close to these borders.

As the weather has been relatively wet, fire has not be a major concern, and only 4 out of 36 incidents (11%)

relate to fire threats, these all being outside the forest proper. Three incidents (8% of total) are related to

timber logging, 2 of which related to a particular tree felling incident, while the other was outside the forest.

Three incidents related to land clearing, only 1 of which was inside the forest, and has since been closed and

has been undisturbed since.

Of the coal fires active at the beginning of the year, 5 remain active but are low threat as long as the fire

danger rating remains low.

A particular problem has been a member of the armed forces living in Sei Wain Village near the Pos Ulin HQ,

who has openly boasted of involvement in hunting and poaching of birds. As the Pro Natura rangers are

community members with no legal power of arrest, both the City police authorities and the Forest

Management Unit (who do have arrest powers) have been informed, and it is hoped that this issue will be

dealt with by a higher authority. The suspected activities of this armed forces member and his friends were

one of the driving forces behind the change in patrolling patterns adopted from April onwards, where

patrolling was increasingly randomized, not only on locations and dates when patrols were launched, but

also the time of day patrols operated, with increasing efforts of evening and night patrolling.

In spite of continuing “incidents”, management believes that levels of illegal activities within the forest have

been significantly reduced from the highs of 2015, and will continue to be reduced as a more analytical

methodology to protection is introduced.

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Annual Report 2017

Management Activities in the Sungai Wain Protection Forest

I. Introduction

A. Background

The Sungai Wain Protection Forest (Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain) is a unique and enormously

valuable asset to Balikpapan City and East Kalimantan Province. Of paramount value is the stable

freshwater supply that it provides to Balikpapan. This water supply was the original rationale for

its designation as a protected forest in 1934. The reservoir at Sungai Wain village has provided a

stable water supply for Balikpapan’s industry since 1946.

Figure 1: This large male adult orangutan looking at a camera trap is part of the population introduced to Sungai Wain in the 1990s

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In recent decades however, the value of its rich biodiversity has increased dramatically, as all

other similar forest types in the region have been destroyed and converted. This old growth

Bornean lowland coastal dipterocarp rainforest has a nearly complete Bornean fauna including

three Critically Endangered species: Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), pangolin (Manis

javanica), and helmeted hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil), plus a large number of other endangered and

vulnerable species. There are a total of 9 primate species, including the endangered endemic

Müller’s gibbon (Hylobates muelleri).

Sungai Wain is also the only confirmed location on Borneo where all of its native 5 cat species are

known to be sympatric, including the endemic Bornean bay cat, Catopuma badia, and the very

rare flat-headed cat, Prionailurus planiceps.

Figure 2: The endemic proboscis monkey occurs in the swampy area of Sungai Wain

Figure 3: The rare and elusive flat-headed cat was photographed in Sungai Wain in 2016

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The avifauna includes all 8 of Borneo’s hornbill species, 14 species of woodpecker, and Borneo

endemics such as the Ground Cuckoo, Bristlehead, and the iconic Bornean peacock-pheasant

(Polyplectron schleiemacheri).

Several intensive floral studies have been carried out in this coastal lowland Dipterocarp forest,

and more than 1000 species have been collected, including several type specimens.

Figure 4: Several different individual clouded leopards, Borneo’s largest cat, have been captured on camera traps

Figure 5: Sungai Wain is probably the top destination in Borneo for seeing the beautiful endemic male Bornean peacock-pheasant

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Less well known, but as amazing, is how many lowland tree species that are still common in SWPF,

are now listed on the IUCN Red List. Out of 53 tree species from the hardwood family

Dipterocarpaceae that have been recorded in Sungai Wain, a staggering 33 are listed either as

critically endangered (21 species), endangered (11 species) and vulnerable (1 species).

Prior to 2002, the forest was managed by a branch of the Provincial Forestry Office (Dinas

Kehutanan Kalimantan Timur), after which it was managed, initially effectively, by a special

management unit established and funded by the City Government.

However in recent years, threats from development plans around the Sungai Wain Forest have

continued to escalate, especially from the access road currently under construction to the Pulau

Balang bridge across Balikpapan Bay. During a fire event in 2015, a short access road from road

to the western border of the forest was made to allow for rapid reconstruction of the firebreak

there. While the firebreak provided a line of defence against incursion of fires from outside the

forest and access for patrolling an firefighting, it also provided access to much of the western

border of the forest that was previously relatively inaccessible. Furthermore construction of the

road has led to increasing land speculation and development in the old logging concession that

lies between the western border of the forest and Balikpapan Bay.

In the fire event of 2015, + 838 ha of the Sungai Wain forest was burnt, the vast majority of which

was previously burned in 1997, plus +737 ha of the Sungai Wain extension. It was this fire event

that was the catalyst for the Pro Natura Foundation to become involved in the day-to-day

management of Sungai Wain, initially through fire prevention and firefighting. During these

activities, evidence of serious illegal activities (e.g. such as poacher camps and trails) were

encountered at several localities within the forest by Pro Natura-funded staff.

Legal changes meant that from late 2016, authority for management reverted from the City to

the Provincial Government. This also meant that at the beginning of 2016, it was unclear whether

the City Government could legally pay for management of the forest, leading to a potential

funding vaccum. Therefore Pro Natura Foundation of Balikpapan offered to organize and fund

management of the SWPF for the calendar year 2016, and entered to a detailed working

agreement with the Environment Office of Balikpapan who had responsibility for management at

that time.

Concurrently with these jurisdictional changes, Forestry were establishing a new nationwide

system of forest management units (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan or KPH). Under this scheme,

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starting in October 2016, Sungai Wain would come under the management of the KPHL (=Lindung

or Protection) Balikpapan, but at the time of the changeover, the Provincial Forestry Office had

neither the manpower nor the funding to establish the new unit. To avoid a complete vacuum,

management authority was delegated to KPHP Bongan, an existing KPH, but no additional funds

were provided. In anticipation of a transfer of jurisdiction, Pro Natura Foundation entered into a

formal working agreement with the Provincial Forestry Office to continue management of the

forest in 2017, with terms similar to those in the working agreement with the City Government in

the previous year.

B. Legal Framework for Pro Natura Management

Pro Natura Foundation’s role in management of the Sungai Wain forest is explained in the working

agreement (No 522/2907/DK-II/2016) between the Foundation and the East Kalimantan

Provincial Forestry Office (Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur), which delegates day-to-

day management of the forest to the Foundation as a partner of the Balikpapan Forestry

Management Unit (KPHL Balikpapan). The agreement is valid for 5 years.

C. Overview of Scope of Activities

Based on the working agreement with Forestry, management covers four activity groups along

with a Secretariat function, as follows:

1. Fire Prevention and Fighting

1.1. Maintenance of a Fire Danger Rating System

1.2. Maintenance of Firefighting Equipment

1.3. Monitoring and Extinguishing Underground Coal Fires

1.4. Maintenance of Firebreaks

1.5. Fire Readiness and Firefighting at times of high fire risk

2. Protection of the Forest from Illegal Activities

2.1. Manning and Maintenance of Patrol Posts and Infrastructure

2.2. Patrolling both along borders and within the forest

2.3. Installation and Maintenance of Signage

3. Ecotourism and Environmental Education

3.1. Registration of Visitors

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3.2. Guiding and Assistance for Visitors

3.3. Maintenance of Ecotourism Facilities

4. Research

4.1. Maintenance of Research Facilities in Forest

4.2. Promotion of Useful Research Topics to Local and International Students

4.3. Provision of Field Assistance and Logisitical Support for Research

4.4. Conducting In-house Research Projects (e.g. Camera Trapping, Wildlife Montoring)

5. Secretariat

5.1. Administration and Logisitical Support

5.2. GIS and Database Management

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D. Management Partners

No Partner / Stakeholder Role

1

Forestry Management Unit: KPHP Bongan (currently

responsible for KPHL Balikpapan)

Hold ultimate authority for management of SWPF

2

Badan Lingkungan Hidup (BLH) Kota Balikpapan

(Balikpapan City Environment Office)

Responsible for environmental management of areas

surrounding the SWPF

3

Pertamina R U . V Rumah Pompa Sungai Wain

Protection of area directly surrounding the reservoir and

canal at Sungai Wain village (km 15)

4

Balikpapan Botanical Garden

Guarding the borders of the Botanical Garden

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Dinas Pariwasata dan Kepemudaan Kota Balikpapan

(Balikpapan City Tourism and Youth Office)

Promoting and organizing tourism to the SWPF

ecotourism trails, and Sungai Wain mangroves

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Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia (HPI) Kaltim

(Indonesia Tourism Guides Association.

Guiding tourism to the SWPF ecotourism trails, and

Sungai Wain mangroves

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Dinas Pendidikan dan Budaya Kota Balikpapan

(Balikpapan City Education and Culture Office)

1. School visits to SWPF as part of the environmental

component of local curriculum content.

2. Maintenance of old graveyard in SWPF

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Institut Teknologi Kalimantan (ITK) (Kalimantan

Institute of Technology)

Visits to SWPF as part of development of a centre for

environmental tourism studies

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Universitas Mulawarman (Mulawarman University)

Joint forestry research programme between Pro Natura

Foundation and Foresty Faculty, Mulawarman Uni.

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II. Management Report

E. Activities in 2017

1. Fire Fighting and Prevention

1.1. Monitoring of Fire Danger Risk

The average Fire Index Rating for Sungai Wain over the last 6 months has been “NORMAL”

(i.e. not a large fire risk) on average. The risk Index did increase in parts of February, July

and August to “MEDIUM” but returned to normal relativey quickly. It was concluded that

the Fire Danger Index (FDI) throughout the year was generally low..

We are currently in the process of reviewing our methodology for determining the Fire

Danger Rating, and evaluating options for improving this including the Southeast Asia Fire

Danger Rating System developed in the early 2000’s from the Canadian Forest Fire Danger

Rating System by a joint team from the Canadian Forest Service and many Southeast Asian

partners, and the Keetch / Byram Dryness Index (KBDI) adopted by the German Aid

Integrated Forest Fire Management project (IFFM) in the mid-1990s.

.

1.2. Maintenance of Firefighting Equipment

A routine inventory and maintenance of the firefighting equipment was carried out in April.

Maintenance included airing and drying of fire hoses, checking oil levels in pumps, running

pumps to check functionality and greasing.

1.3. Monitoring and Extinguishing Underground Coal Fires

The fire of 2015 started 23 coal seam fires in the upper Bugis watershed. After initial

isolation by means of fire breaks to prevent reignition of surface fuel, regular monitoring of

active fires is essential. During 2016, 8 of these fires were extinguished by rains, leaving 15

still active at the start of 2017. By May 2017, a further 10 fires had gone out, but 5 fires

have remained active to the end of the year. The total surface area impacted by these fires

are 216 m2, with the individual breakdown as follows:

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1) Coal fire 1: 2 areas (12 x 3 m and 10 x 4 m) affected with a total area of 76 m2;

2) Coal fire 2: 1 area (12 x 4 m) affected with a total area of 48 m2 ;

3) Coal fire 3: 1 area (6 x 4 m) affected with a total area of 24 m2:

4) Coal fire 4: 1 area (10 x 4 m) affected with a total area of 40 m2:

5) Coal fire 5: 2 areas (5 x 4 m and 4 x 2 m) affected with a total area of 28 m2.

Fire breaks around each coal fire area were cleaned. The location of the remaining coal fires (as of May 2017) are shown on the map below:

1.4. Maintenance of Firebreaks

Because of low fire risk and projected continuing wet weather, firebreak maintenance was not carried out, except around remaining coal fires (see 1.3 above).

Sub-surface Coal Fires: red circles are the 5 remaining coals fires started by fire event of October 2015, as of 23 May 2017. Grey circles are extinguished fires.

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1.5. Fire Readiness and Firefighting at times of high fire risk

Fire risk was generally low throughout the year, with only brief periods of medium danger ratings in February, July and August. Therefore mobilization for fire readiness was not required.

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2. Forest Protection

Currently forest protection staff are organized into 4 teams, each consisting of a team

leader and 2 -3 team members. Forest protection activities have been as follows:

2.1. Manning and Maintenance of Patrol Posts and Infrastructure

a) Staffing of Primary Command Post: Pos Ulin at Km 15

Pos Ulin in Wain village, accessed at Km 15 from the main Balikpapan – Samarinda

road, is the primary command and control centre for all management and

protection activities in SWPF. Between January and March, it was staffed everyday

for 24 hours, because experience has shown that if only staffed during daily working

hours, potential local poachers (some of whom have connections to the security

services) will illegally access the forest under cover of darkness if they know the

command post is not manned.

To counter any impression amongst the local community that management of

SWPF is lax (in the past caused by poachers openly displaying captive birds believed

to have been poached from SWPF), frequent but irregularly timed assemblies of

SWPF staff are now held (both during the day and at night). It is believed that this

has significantly impacted opportunities for poachers to enter the forest near the

main Command Post.

Between April and May, manning levels were reduced, to allow for ranger resources

to be more concentrated towards more threatened areas.

Figure 6: "Pos Ulin" is the HQ for management of Sungai Wain

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b) SWPF Southern Picket Post (Pertamina Canal / mouth of Bugis river)

The area around the Southern Guard Post at the end of Pertamina Canal, near the

mouth of Bugis river, is especially prone to incursions from poachers and

eaglewood collectors. The proximity of the main road to Kariangau to the

southwest facilitates access. The usual method for poachers and collectors to gain

access is by pretending either go fishing in the canal, or to make visits to the old

graveyard site in the forest nearby. To counter peak periods of infringement, the

intensity of staffing of the post has been increased to 2 days in every 5 working

days, but also at the weekends, when many local people do legitimately come to

the canal to fish. With this increased staffing intensity, the situation appears more

conducive. Local fishermen are advised not to enter the adjacent forest unless

accompanied by forest guards.

c) Picket Post adjacent to Kariangau / Pulau Balang access road (Km 13) at extreme

southern tip of SWPF

This is relatively new post constructed by the Environment Office of Balikapapn

(BLH Kota Balikpapan) in 2016, constructed where SWPF border comes closed to

the major road development of km 13 (a toll road planned to provide access to the

proposed P.Balang bridge across Balikpapan Bay). With no guard post here, the

Figure 7: The first few months of 2017 have been relatively wet, so foot patrols can be a challenge!

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forest would be completely open to access for those intending illegal activities in

the forest. From February 2017, post has been manned for at least 5 days in evey

week, or at least 20 days per month. This reduced incidents during the middle of

the year, but there this continues to be a vulnerable area. Several times, hunters

confronted directly in the buffer zone adjacent to SWPF are warned not to enter

SWPF.

d) Guard Post 4 on north border of SWPF

Guard Post 4 on the northern border of Pos is directly adjacent to the work area of

the state-owned forestry company PT. Inhutani I Mentawir, which can provide

access to poachers and illegal loggers. In front of the post is a picket shelter and a

locked metal portal closing access to the fire break along the western edge of

HLSW. The post has been manned on average for 2 days / I night per week. This

lower intensity of effort was because mobile patrols carried out by vehicle around

the borders have not found recent evidence of incursions near or into SWPF. The

area is currently considered relatively safe.

e) Guard Post 5 on western border of SWPF

Guard Post 5 lies directly on the western border of SWPF adjacent to community

lands with non-forest status (known as “Other Uses” or APL in Indonesia). As the

major new road has been pushed north, parallel to the SWPF, towards the

proposed P.Balang bridge, access to this area has been increasingly opened up. This

was especially true after the fire event in October 2015, when the Public Works

Dept. of the City Government bulldozed a fire break along several kilometres of the

western border, with access to the new road. When Pro Natura took over day-to-

day management of the forest at the end of 2015, one of the first actions was the

construction of a portal to deter poachers and off-road motorcycle riders from

gaining vehicular access to the border. In this the portal has been relatively

successful and allowed much better control of access to the border, especially with

the manning of Post 5, although there have still been encounters with individual

poachers and motorcrossers attempting drag their bikes under the portal. In 2017,

from January to March the post was manned for 5 days / 4 nights every week, or

22 days per month. As the area was then considered relatively safe, since this time

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it has been manned less frequently, especially as the road access has deteriorated

to the point where poachers can no longer use it.

f) Mobile Camps and Camp Djamaluddin

The use of mobile camps either camping or using the research station Camp

Djamaluddin in the core forest has been limited to 1 or 2 nights per month, with

the primary intention of monitoring for 24 hours at a time, any signs of incursions

/ disturbances in the core forest. For the first six months of the year, the mobile

camping trips found no evidence of disturbances or night time poaching deep into

the core forest area. Since then however, numerous signs have been encountered

entering of poachers either from the southwest, or from the community forestry

area to the east. Based on some evidence found at flying camps (such as airline

boarding passes), it is possible that at least some of these poachers are not local

(although trips would probably be arranged by locals).

2.2. Patrolling both along borders and within the forest

Note: During 2016 and the first 3 months of 2017, whenever patrol teams encountered

evidence of incursion or illegal activities in the SWPF, they would take the coordinates of

the location, and document the scene/evidence, but would not take a track of the whole

patrol route.

In order to improve the planning and analysis of patrolling and enforcement, from April

2017, patrol teams were required to record tracks of patrols and record patrol data in a

Figure 8: A mobile patrol camp, Sungai Wain style

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more standardized way. This is part of the transition into a full SMART patrol system, using

GPS capable tablets, so in future field patrolling, data collection, and spatial analysis will

be fully integrated into one database system.

Results of patrolling in 2017 are as follows:

a) Foot Patrols along the SWPF border and with the forest

− Conditions found on the southern border:

1) Footprints and other evidence (such as rubbish and discarded

clothing) of suspected bird poachers and hunters entering the forest;

2) Seven (7) snares for pigs and jungle fowl along side the Bugis canal

(Jan – March; none found since);

3) Two (2) bird poachers encountered on forest border;

Actions taken:

7 snares removed and cordoned with police tape;

2 bird poachers given warnings, equipment confiscated and

birds released into the forest.

4) Further animal snare found at site of a major hunting area cleaned

out in 2016; believed to be an old snare missed during previous clean-

up.

5) A poaching platform in a tree discovered and destroyed.

Figure 9: Community rangers removing snares

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− Conditions found in the Ecotourism block and the southern section of the

core block bordering the Botanical Gardens:

1) Old sign of 2 eaglewood collection sites (perpetrators not

encountered);

2) 2 poaching platforms in trees discovered (main suspect is known and

is a member of the armed forces);

3) 4 bird poaching locations using glue and traps (primary suspect

known);

4) Several small trails found leading from the border of the Wain village

into the ecotourism area and the Balikpapan Botanic Garden.

Actions taken:

All locations documented and cordoned; platforms

destroyed.

− Conditions encountered on the border between the Community Forestry

area (HKm) and the Core Block:

1) Ten trails found into the Core Block and a small clearing. The trails

started from the HKm markers (nos. 169-172). The clearing was + 50

m wide. Carried out in the name of Mahani, a member of the Harapan

Sejahtera farmers group (headed by Badaruddin);

2) Tracks of people entering the Core Block between km 18 – 21

(individuals were not encountered);

3) Chainsaws heard which were believed to be used to saw timber or

fell trees inside the HKm area, and evidence of processing of cut

timber encountered.

4) A felled eaglewood (Gaharu) tree was encountered on the border with

Community Forestry area.

5) Several times cordoned-off tracks were reentered. In all such cases

they are re-cordoned.

Actions taken:

Trails and clearing cordoned with police tape with notice that

the area was under surveillance by the Forestry authorities,

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and the evidence report to the Forest Management Unit

Resort 4.

Cut timber and eaglewood tree documented.

b) Patrols with 2- and 4- wheeled vehicles along the southern, western and northern

borders of SWPF.

− Conditions found along the southern and western borders passable by

motorized vehicles:

1) Hunters encountered in the buffer zone including known suspected

poacher from the armed forces (this individual has recently been

transferred and is no longer in the area);

2) Motorcross enthusiasts crossing the Pulau Balang road and crossing into

the SWPF buffer zone;

3) Opening of farming land by a resident of Kariangau (neighbouring area)

and PPU (district across Balikpapan Bay), incuding burning of land in the

Tengah and Berenga watersheds in the SWPF buffer zone;

4) Further north in the west, several signs of people making land claims in the

buffer zone by posting signs and markers were encountered, including

signs of the foot trails that they had used to reach the buffer zone from

the rivers below;

Actions taken:

The hunters and motorcrossers were warned not to conduct

damaging activities close to the SWPF or to enter the SWPF;

The land clearing and land burning in the buffer zone was

monitored directly, and the persons reminded of the dangers

posed to the SWPF and surrounding areas of their activites;

By the end of the year, the track along the western edge of the

forest had deteriorated to the point that it was impassable to most

vehicles.

− Conditions encountered on the northern boundary:

1) From Jan to March, trails found extending 15 m into the Core Block

believed to have been used by hunters;

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2) Activities of a reforestation programme of P.T. Singlurus (a coal company);

3) Opening of plantation lands of + 20 Ha in the PT. Inhutani I Batu Ampar

area directly bordering SWPF, believed to be supported by the chief of the

neighbouring military district (Koramil Samboja);

4) Burning land in the SWPF buffer zone;

Actions taken;

Trials into forest cordoned off with police line tape.

Workers of the PT. Singlurus reforestation teams reminded

strongly that they should not hunt in SWPF;

Communities and members of the Koramil Samboja encountered

in the field were given warnings about the dangers of opening up

of the SWPF buffer zone.

5) After April, opening of plantation lands has ceased, but towards the end a

hunting platform just outside the forest border, and a pig carcass that had

been killed by a “bomb”.

2.3. Installation and Maintenance of Signage

Two information/warning signs were installed in SWPF in January 2017 beneath the

fire watch tower near border marker post 29.

Figure 10: Signage is still important; new signs are installed after consultation with the Forest Management Unit

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Table: 2.1 INCIDENTS RECORDED WHILE ON GUARD AND ON PATROL BY MONTH (Note: Covers incidents in January to June, as reported to and acknowledged by the Bongan

Forestry Management Unit)

Month : January 2017

No Date Incident UTM Coordinates (50S)

Evidence Number Action Taken Note

Easting Northing

1 11-Jan-17

Small trail made by intruder into core

Block of forest 484235 9883193 Remains of cut seedlings /

branches etc 1 Identified start of trail and cordoned off with police line tape

No snares or traps discovered along trail

2 19-Jan-17 Snare/trap (bird) 480905 9872830

Indications of bird trap being placed (pulut) with

surrounding area cleared 1

Area documented and cordoned with police line tape

Near the Bugis canal

3 28-Jan-17

Large wildlife snare (wild pig and deer) and snares for Jungle Fowl

480816 9872739 1 length wire cable and 11 lengths Nylon fishing line 12

Snares removed, and cordoned with police line tape

Near Bugis canal. Unable to identify

who owned/placed snares

4 29-Jan-17

Trail cut to open land in Core Block of SWPF from the Community

forestry (HKm) area at km 24, about 50 m

beyond HKM markers

484262 9877922 Remains of trail cutting and cleaning of land 1

Encroachment beyond HKm boundary reported directly to the FMU Balikpapan.

Suspect was not at the location, but

clearing was carried out in name of Mahani, of the

Harapan Sejahtera cooperative

5 30-Jan-17

. Timber cutting with a chain saw

484262/ 484460

9877922 /9878115

Heard; bearings taken to 2 locations 2

Location of chain saws estimated at 2200 from 487762/9878115 and 1580 from 484266/9877922

Plotting indicated that chain saws were

in HKm area

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Month : February 2017



Easting Northing

1 2-Feb-17 Trail into SW 488507 9882412 Small trail cutting 1 Followed trail to discover ends

and closed with Police line tape.

Trail started from the “red post” at km 25 (in north) and led

towards core forest zone; the makers of the trail not

encountered; motive for trail unclear

2 2-Feb-17

Opening of land in the Inhutani I Bukit Bangkirai BATAM

concession near the norther border of

SWPF

485783 9883191 land clearing 1

Took coordinates and documentation; provided

outreach on SWPF to workers encountered in the field

For agriculture in the Inhutani logging concession

3 6-Feb-17 Illegal felling of eaglewood tree 482782 9876233 Cut eaglewood

tree 1 Took coordinates and photographs; Inside SWPF core area

4 7-Feb-17 Illegal felling of eaglewood tree 482498 9874996 Cut eaglewood

tree 1 Took coordinates and photographs;

On border of ecotourism zone and Botanical Gardens

5 9-Feb-17 Fire close to SWPF at Km 17 485198 9875924 1 Stayed with farmers until fire

extinguished. Fire set by farmers at km 17 to

clear non-forest land for planting

6 11-Feb-17 Fire close to SWPF 476025 9875032 1 Documented coordinates of fire and monitored status

Fire set by farmers outside buffer zone on non-forest land

7 16-Feb-17 Burned area close of border of SWPF 486120 9883159 1 Documented coordinates of fire

and checked on status

Land clearing by fire on land belonging to the PT. Inhutani I

Bukit bangkirai logging concession

8 16-Feb-17 Fire close to SWPF 476007 9877005 1 Documented coordinates of fire and monitored status

Fire set by farmers outside buffer zone on non-forest land

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Month : March 2017



Easting Northing

1 5-Mar-17 Snare/trap (Bird) 482338 9875295 Snare 1 Coordinates taken and location documented

Location is in SWPF core area. Suspected that poacher knows

the SW forest

2 16-Mar-17 Opening of land within SWPF 487743 9880822

Cutting of trail and land clearing (see 29-Jan)

1 Check that site not being used

This was originally discovered on 29 Jan. This was a follow-up to

check that site not being used or expanded.

3 16-Mar-17 Small trail into forest from HKm area 488321 9882108 Cutting of trail 1

Coordinates taken and location documented;

closed with police line tape

No evidence of who made trail; believed to be poacher (no signs

of land clearing)

4 19-Mar-17 Apprehension of bird

poachers about to enter SWPF

477379 9875209

Bird trapping equipment; recently caught birds: 1 owl

and 1 barbet

2 Poachers given verbal

warnings and caught birds released

Poachers stopped on SW border

5 27-Mar-17 Hunting platform discovered 482672 9873635 Hunting platform 1


platform destroyed; closed with police line

Believed to have belonged to a hunter associated with the

security forces

23

6 27-Mar-17 Trap (Bird) 482671 9873662 Bird “glue” found on a tree branch 1

Coordinates taken and location documented; closed with police line

Believed to be part of same poaching operation evidenced

by the hunting platform discovered on the same day

7 28-Mar-17 Hunting platform discovered 482608 9873618 Hunting platform 1


platform destroyed; closed with police line

Believed to have belonged to a hunter associated with the

security forces; found in proximity to platform

discovered the previous day

8 28-Mar-17 Snare/trap (Bird) 482856 9873742 Bird “glue” found on a tree branch 1

Coordinates taken and location documented; glue

removed; closed with police line



9 28-Mar-17 Snare/trap (Bird) 482685 9873703 Bird “glue” found on a tree branch 1

Coordinates taken and location documented; glue

removed; closed with police line



10 29-Mar-17 Poacher trail entering SWPF 482831 9873385 Trail cutting 1


closed with police line tape ali

The police line was installed with the head of Resort 4 of the Bongan – Balikpapan FMU and

with staff of the Balikpapan Botanical Garden

24

Month : April 2017

No Date Incident UTM Coordinates (50S) Evidence Number Action Taken Note

Easting Northing

1 4-Apr-17 Signs of intrusion on 10 new trails into SWPF from HKm

484245-486111

9877919 - 9881003

Trail cutting; footprints 10 Closed with police

line Edge of HKm

2 4-Apr-17 Bandang palm found cut down 485119 9879303 Felled palm 1

Coordinates taken and location documented

“Heart of palm” used as a vegetable; palm was cut near

border with the HKm area

3 8-Apr-17 Snares for large mammals (pig) 481041 9872966 Snare wire 3

Coordinates taken and location

documented; snares removed

Appeared old; probably missed during clearing of poachers

camp in 2016

4 21-Apr-17 Breaking of police line 484450 - 484402

9878103 -9878046

Broken police line; footprints 2


People continuing to move into forest from the north part of the

HKm area

5 21-Apr-17 Sound of chain saw 484475 9877993 Sound 1

Direction of sound taken from several points along HKm border; location

triangulated

Chainsaw was being operated inside the HKm area of the AREAL HKm farmer group “

Mekar Tani Sejahtera” at km 20; felling trees in the HKm area is

forbidden but outside jurisdiction of SWPF

management

6 23-Apr-17 Hunting platform discovered 480489 9872722 Hunting

platform 1


platform removed

Near the Bugis canal: some distance from platforms

discovered in previous months

25

Month : May 2017



Easting Northing

1 11-May-17 Bird Trap 478768 9873286 Bird “glue” 1


documented; glue removed

In the Bugis watershed

2 11-May-17 Bird Snare (ground birds) 483349 9873949 Snare 1


documented; snare removed

Found near border with Botanical Garden

26

Month : June 2017



Easting Northing

1 9-Jun-17 Track of suspected poachers encountered 481786 9879276

Footprints; disturbed

vegetation; part of wildlife

1 Followed trail to

document; closed with Police line

Also found organs of a barking deer believed to

have been poached

2 16-Jun-17 Old timber processing discovered (in HKm very close of border)

484213 9872251 Remains of saw timber 1


Found remains of timber; most of usable timber

appeared to have already been carried away from

site;



vegetation 1


Found in core zone (Bugis watershed)



vegetation 1


Found in core zone (Wain watershed)

5 24-Jun-17 Remains of camp fire found 482487 9875902 Fire ashes 1


Found in core zone (Wain watershed)

27

Month : July 2017 No incidents recorded.

Month : August 2017



Easting Northing

1 1-Aug-17 Fire event 485652. 480875. 485815

9874389. 9872295. 9883927

3 Monitoring, record coordinates, and document fires

Fires were in buffer zone outside the north, east and southern boundaries of the

forest

2 2-Aug-17 Trails cut for land clearing 476688 9876424 1

Record coordinates, and document scene; searched for farmer

Location was in Buffer zone outside west edge of forest

(Berenga watershed)

3 5-Aug-17 Old camp fire 476873 9873870 1 Record coordinates, and document

On the western border of HLSW

4 6-Aug-17 Hunting platform 481575 9873437 1 Record coordinates, and document; destroyed platform

Along the Bugis canal

5 6-Aug-17 Track of suspected poachers encountered

479493 9872372 1 Coordinates taken and location documented Along the Bugis canal

6 23-Aug-17 Cordon broken 483396. 483933. 484278

9873239. 9877316. 9877110

3 Coordinates retaken and location documented; cordons reestablished

HKm border, Km. 20

7 25-Aug-17 Track of suspected poachers encountered

488126 9881630 1 Coordinates taken and location documented; followed trail into forest

HKm border, Km. 24

28

Month : September 2017



Easting Northing

1 9-Sep-17 Wild pig found killed by “bomb” 487812 9882846 1

Record coordinates, and document; searched to suspected bomb location.

Bomb appeared to have been placed outside of HLSW, but

fatally injured pig ran into forest

2 16-Sep-17 Suspected poacher trail encountered 482401 9873765 1

Coordinates taken and location documented; followed trail into forest

In the Ecotourism zone

3 23-Sep-17 Clothing from eaglewood collector/poacher

480256 9876887 Clothing confiscated 1

Coordinates taken and location documented; looked for evidence of movement of owner

Located on Research Trail C in core zone

4 27-Sep-17 Track of suspected poachers encountered 487953 9880931 1

Coordinates taken and location documented; followed trail

Trail in fact ended in a dead end about 30 m from the edge of

the HKM

5 4 / 19 -Sep-17

Monitoring of land burning by local farmers bordering HLSW

484952. 485461

9874942. 9874449 2

Coordinates taken and activities documented; stayed until fires extinguished

In buffer zone on east border

29

Month : October 2017

No Date Incident UTM Coordinates

(50S) Evidence Number Action Taken Note

Easting Northing

1 4-Oct-17 Operation of heavy machinery 479157 9883367 1

Coordinates taken and location documented; followed trail to end

Location was in buffer zone in the INHUTANI I forest

concession Lokasi dorongan tersebut berada di luar kawasan

HLSW yang dilakukan pihak INHUTANI 1

2 7-Oct-17 Track of suspected poachers encountered 477229 9873361 1

Coordinates taken and location documented; followed trail

In the Selok Bugis area

3 8-Oct-17 Track encountered 477076 9873671 1 Coordinates taken and location documented; followed trail

West border of HLSW (Selok Tengah area)

4 11-Oct-17 Porcupine corpse 480311 9877620 1 Coordinates taken and location documented Found on Research Trail F

5 11-Oct-17 Rubbish (left by poachers?) 481479 9877664 1 Coordinates taken and

location documented Found on Research Trail F

6 11-Oct-17 Temporary shelter discovered

1.481890 2.482179

1.9877674 2.9877534 2

Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned

In core zone

7 11-Oct-17 Two people encountered fishing 483119 9877492 1 Interviewed for

information In core zone

8 15-Oct-17 Mist nets for catching birds

1. 480033 2. 479982 3. 480114

1. 9878243 2. 9878295 3. 9878190

3 mist nets 3 Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned

Found on Research Trail H

9 15-Oct-17 Bird poacher camp 479987 9878351 1 Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned

Found on Research Trail H

30

10 22 & 29 - Oct - 2017 Wild pig corpse 1. 484686

2. 489300 1. 9876466 2. 9882264 2

Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned

Found at the HKm border (near the “Red Building” at km 25)

11 22-Oct-17 Snares found

1. 482597 2. 482492 3. 482267 4. 482315 5.482333 6. 482446 7. 482470 8. 482531 9. 483472

1. 9877403 2. 9877401 3. 9877406 4. 9877354 5. 9877345 6. 9877273 7. 9877289 8. 9877352 9. 9877434

9 snares 9

Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned; comprehensive search of area for snares

Found in core zone near border with HKm and Guardpost 1 (km

20)

12 29-Oct-17 Hunting platforms 1. 489274 2. 489258

1. 9882083 2. 9882113 2

Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned; platforms destroyed

Found at the HKm border (near the “Red Building” at km 25)

13 30-Oct-17 Cordon broken

1. 484769 2. 485413 3. 485464 4. 485515 5. 484737

1. 9879105 2. 9879563 3. 9879518 4. 9879344 5. 9878663

5 Coordinates taken and location documented; recordoned;

Various points along HkM border between Km 20 and Km 21

14 30-Oct-17 Bird trapping site 484334 9875990 1 Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned;

Near border with Botanical Garden and HKm

15 31-Oct-17 Land clearing and lumber milling 476849 9873867 1 Coordinates taken and

location documented;

In the buffer zone on west side of HLSW (near Selok Tengah) about 20 m from forest border

31

Month : November 2017



Easting Northing

1 04 & 12 - Nov - 2017 Snares found

1. 483275 2. 483236 3. 483205 4. 482778 5. 482720 6. 482782 7. 482799

1. 9877435 2. 9877395 3. 9877359 4. 9877400 5. 9877483 6. 9877369 7. 9877389

7 snares 7

Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned; comprehensive search of area for snares

Found in core zone near border with HKm and Guardpost 1 (km 20)

2 7-Nov-17 Bird trapping site (from poles erected for mist nets)

481943 9884464 1

Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned; Removal of net poles

On northern border near fire watch tower

3 12-Nov-17 Eaglewood felling 483908 9877637 1 Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned;

At edge of HKm (boundary marker 103) near Guardpost 1

4 15-Nov-17 Bird poacher campsite 479925 9882664 1

Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned;

At edge of HKm; near Guardpost 1

5 28-Nov-17 Cutting of ironwood stakes for pepper cultivation

483956 9877607 1 Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned;

At edge of HKm near km 20

32

Month : December 2017



Easting Northing

1 13-Dec-17 Reforestation project in wrong location

1. 483125 2. 477796 3. 483447 4. 485000 5. 485337

1. 9883598 2. 9880272 3. 9883508 4. 9882991 5. 9883084

5 Coordinates taken and location documented;

Temuan berada Batas HLSW sebelah Utara dimulai dari Pos 3 PAM sampai dengan daerah Tempadung

2 13-Dec-17

Damage to HLSW fence by reforestation contractor

1. 482090 2. 482061 3. 482073 4. 482862 5. 482923 6. 485222

1. 9884410 2. 9884304 3. 9884230 4. 9884174 5. 9884023 6. 9883003

6

Coordinates taken and location documented; length of damaged fence measure; reported to reforestation sponsor (they have promised to repair fence)

On northern border of HLSw; fence damaged to repaor of access road for reforestation project

3 13-Dec-7 Track of suspected poachers encountered

488842 9882555 1 Coordinates taken and location documented; location cordoned;

On northern boundary of HLSW

33

3. Ecotourism and Environmental Education

3.1. Registration of Visitors

Pos Ulin HQ in Sei Wain village is the main point of entry for visitors to the Sungai Wain PF.

Sungai Wain is already well known amongst specific international groups, especially the

birding community, who come to see flagship Bornean endemics such as the Bornean

Peacock Pheasant and the Bornean Ground-Cuckoo. Otherwise, most visitors are local

tourists, students or school groups, with fewer numbers making visits for technical reasons

such as coordination of activities or work experience.

Visitors are encouraged to register in the visitor book at the Pos Ulin HQ. From January to

June, a total of 1681 visitors were recorded, or an average of approximately 140 persons

per month. Of these 170 were foreigners. There were 11 school visits during the year,

bringing 556 pupils to the forest. The busiest month was April, with 327 visitors, followed

by May (273 visitors) and November (227 visitors) , while the quietest period was June,

with only 49 visitor, July (40) and August (42). June fell during the fasting month

(Ramadhan) so fewer people are expected to visit. Most local tourists come during the

weekends, while foreign visitors are as likely to visit on weekdays as weekends.

3.2. Guiding and Assistance for Visitors

It is compulsory for visitors to be accompanied by a guide when visiting the forest. Guiding

services are not generally provided by the rangers, except in special cases (such as official

visitors), but there is a local group of ecotourism guides, POKDARWIS who are registered

with, and accredited by, the Balikpapan City Tourism Office, and the local branch of the

national tourism guides association (Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia [HPI] Kaltim). The

SWPF management work closely with this group, both to help them improve, and maintain

visitor experience and safety.

Before entering the forest all visitors, are required to be receive a safety talk.

3.3. Maintenance of Ecotourism Facilities

No particular work on maiontance of ecotourism facilities was carried out during this

period and this was considered a secondary priority compared to protection activities.

34

4. Research

In the 1990s and early 2000s, there was an active research programme in Sungai Wain on a range

of tropical forest ecology topics, conducted by both national and international researchers.

Subsequently, the Sungai Wain management authority made few efforts to support this

programme and the research facilities in the forest sank into disrepair and researchers stayed

away. Pro Natura is committed to re-establishing Sungai Wain as a research destination. The

quality and increasing rarity of the forest, and its ease of access, mean that it should be a well-

established centre of excellence for tropical forest research.

To the end, since early 2016 Pro Natura has been building links with potential partner institutions

and initiating some basic programmes such as camera trapping. For 2017, the in-house research

team consisted of a team leader and 2 assistants. While patrolling and protection of the forest

remains a priority, research activities provide a presence in the forest, supplementing patrol

efforts, and provide new information to increase public interest in Sungai Wain.

4.1. Maintenance of Research Facilities in Forest

There were 3 research camps in the primary forest orginally constructed for the orangutan

release programme in the 1990s. The nearest camp (Camp Sinaga) has been modified into a

temporary rest stop at the end of the ecotourism trail system. The middle camp has now been

dismantled, while Camp Djamal, the furthest camp, was partly refurbished in 2016 after years

of neglect to allow for reinvigoration of research in the forest after a hiatus of several years.

The camp is now used regularly both by patrol teams, and by the Research team as a base

for wildlife surveys. It is hoped that in the future, longer term research projects will be based

there.

4.2. Promotion of Useful Research Topics to Local and International Students

Dialogues are on-going with several potential research partners such as Mulawarman

University (Faculty of Forestry) in Samarinda, the Institute for Conservation Technology

Research (Balitek) in Samboja, and Oxford Brookes University in the UK. In July an MSc

student from Oxford Brookes University spent a month studying the orangutan population.

4.3. Provision of Field Assistance and Logisitical Support for Research

The research team will provide support for researchers based in Sungai Wain.

35

4.4. Conducting In-house Monitoring Projects (e.g. Camera Trapping, Wildlife Montoring)

In 2016, there was an extensive camera trapping programme aimed primarily at felids. In

2017, the camera trapping programme was initially delayed because the large number of

cameras that needed repair. A reduced number of camera traps (13) were deployed for the

last 6 months of the year (see summary report below).

Field studies are also being conducted to determine primate densities in different type of

habitat in the forest, and density of sun bear sign. Comparison of results with previous

studies will allow us to evaluate population trends. The results of these studies are still being

analysed.

Summary Report on 2017 Camera Trap Programme

Introduction

Camera traps are the preferred survey technique for some of the more cryptic fauna (e.g., cat

species, pangolins, sun bears). Camera traps have been used in the Sungai Wain Protection Forest in

the past, starting with a small project in 2005 by Rustam from Mulawarman University, followed in

2007 by a small camera trapping effort by G. Fredriksson, a more comprehensive camera trapping

session in 2012 by Susan Cheyne, and a larger camera trapping effort in 2016 by Pro Natura

Foundation to document [successfully] all 5 cat species that occur in Borneo. In 2016 a total of 6196

trapnights were carried out. In 2017 this was unfortunately signifcantly less due to a smaller number

of camera traps that were in good condition and arranging for a shipment of new camera traps.

Techniques/methodology followed in Sungai Wain are similar to those described in detail by

Ancrenaz et al. (2012).

Equipment & time frame

A total of 6 Bushnell and 7 Covert camera traps were used in 2017, whilst awaiting a shipment of

replacement Covert camera traps. These camera's all use a motion sensor and hyper passive infrared

sensor (PIR) to detect heat to trigger the camera to take an image. These cameras are in theory less

prone to false captures. All camera's used high speed SD cards [8 or 16GB] and were tied to trees

with python locks.

Camera trapping commenced on 4th of August 2017 and continued till 27th of December 2017.

36

Key results and findings

• A total of 45 camera trap sessions were carried out covering 1750 trapnights, during which 1079

independent camera events were obtained, totalling 8215 pictures of mammals, birds, and a

small number of reptiles;

• In total 24 mammal species [that could be identified] were caught on camera trap during the

camera trapping period [4 Augustus- 27th December 2017];

• A total of 8 species from ordo Carnivora were caught on camera trap on 39 independent events;

• Two cat species were caught on camera trap, the marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) with 3

events and the clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) with 2 independent events; No pictures were

obtained [yet] of the bay cat, which was caught on camera trap during 3 independent events in

2016.

• One event of an orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus, (CR), a young individual, was caught on camera

trap;

• For the first time [ever] 3 events of a red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjac) were caught on camera

trap;so far in Sungai Wain only the endemic yellow muntjac (Muntiacus atherodes) has been

caught on camera trap. Ungulates made up 40.9% of all events with 441 independent events,

covering 6 species;

• 7 mammal species caught on camera trap are listed under the IUCN Red List as Critically

Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable;

• During this camera trapping period only 1 event of a dog was caught on camera, compared to 30

events of domesticated dogs running through the forest in 2016; No poachers or people doing

illegal activities were caught on camera this period compared to 6 such events in 2016.

37

No Family Species Bhs Inggris Species Bhs Latin/Ilmiah Species Bhs Indonesia IUCN Endemic

1 Carnivora Sun bear Helarctos malayanus Beruang Madu Vulnerable

2 Carnivora Banded palm civet Hemigalus derbyanus Musang belang Near Threatened

3 Carnivora Yellow-thrtoated marten Martes flavigula Musang leher kuning Least Concern

4 Carnivora Clouded leopard Neofelis diardi ssp. Borneensis Macan dahan Vulnerable

5 Carnivora Common palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus

Musang Luak Least Concern

6 Carnivora Marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata

Kucing batu Near Threatened

7 Carnivora Banded linsang Prionodon linsang Linsang-linsang Least Concern

8 Carnivora Malay civet Viverra tangalunga

Musang Tenggalung Least Concern

9 Herpestidae Short-tailed mongoose Herpestes brachyurus Garangan ekor pendek Near Threatened

10 Primata Long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis Monyet Ekor Panjang Least Concern

11 Primata Pig-tailed macaque Macaca nemestrina Monyet ekor pendek Vulnerable

12 Primata Orang utan Pongo pygmaeus Orang utan Critically Endangered

13 Reptilia Rough-necked monitor lizard Varanus rudicollis Biawak NA

14 Rodentia Common Porcupine Hystrix brachyura Landak raya Least Concern

15 Rodentia Thick-spined porcupine Hystrix crassispinis Landak butun Least Concern yes

16 Rodentia Long-tailed porcupine Trichys fasciculata Angkis ekor panjang Least Concern

17 Sciuridae Three-striped Ground Squirrel Lariscus insignis Bajing Tanah Bergaris

Tiga Least Concern

18 Ungulata Sambar deer Cervus unicolor Rusa Sambar Vulnerable

19 Ungulata Bornean yellow muntjac Muntiacus atherodes Kijang Kuning Near Threatened yes

20 Ungulata Bornean red muntjac Muntiacus muntjak Kijang muncak Least Concern

21 Ungulata Breaded pig Sus barbatus Babi Berjenggot Vulnerable

22 Ungulata Lesser mouse deer Tragulus kanchil Planduk kancil Least Concern

23 Ungulata Greater mouse deer Tragulus napu Planduk napu Least Concern

24 Aves Great Argus Argusianus argus Kuau raja Near Threatened

25 Aves Bornean Ground-cuckoo Carpococcyx radiceus Tohktor Near Threatened yes

26 Aves Emerald dove Chalcophaps indica Delimukan zamrud Least Concern

27 Aves Bornean Crested Fireback Lophura ignita Sempidan biru Near Threatened yes

28 Aves Bornean Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron schleiermacheri Kuau kerdil kalimantan Endangered yes

29 Aves Crested partridge Rollulus rouloul Puyuh Sengayan Near Threatened

30 Carnivora Domestic dog Canis familiaris Anjing Kampung

List of Species caught on Camera Trap in Sungai Wain, 2017

http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41693/0





38

Family Species Event % Primata Macaca nemestrina 249 23.1 Ungulata Tragulus napu 236 21.9 Aves Lophura ignita 162 15.0 Ungulata Muntiacus atherodes 105 9.7 Ungulata Sus barbatus 55 5.1 Rodentia Hystrix crassispinis 49 4.5 Aves Argusianus argus 40 3.7 Ungulata Tragulus kanchil 24 2.2 Rodentia Hystrix brachyura 21 1.9 Unknown Mammal sp.?_unidentified 21 1.9 Carnivora Viverra tangalunga 20 1.9 Rodentia Trichys fasciculata 19 1.8 Ungulata Cervus unicolor 11 1.0 Aves Carpococcyx radiceus 9 0.8 Ungulata Tragulus sp.? 7 0.6 Aves Polyplectron schleiermacheri 7 0.6 Carnivora Helarctos malayanus 5 0.5 Herpestidae Herpestes brachyurus 5 0.5 Reptilia Varanus rudicollis 5 0.5 Carnivora Hemigalus derbyanus 4 0.4 Primata Macaca fascicularis 4 0.4 Aves Rollulus rouloul 4 0.4 Carnivora Pardofelis marmorata 3 0.3 Ungulata Muntiacus muntjak 3 0.3 Carnivora Neofelis diardi borneensis 2 0.2 Carnivora Prionodon linsang 2 0.2 Carnivora Martes flavigula 1 0.1 Carnivora Paradoxurus hermaphroditus 1 0.1 Carnivora Canis familiaris 1 0.1 Primata Pongo pygmaeus 1 0.1 Rodentia Hystrix sp.? 1 0.1 Sciuridae Lariscus insignis 1 0.1 Aves Chalcophaps indica 1 0.1 TOTAL EVENTS 1079

Number of camera trap events for each species. And percentage of total number of events in 2017

39

Map of the Sungai Wain Protection Forest, showing the positions of the camera traps placed in 2017, and the number of species photographed at each location.

40

Selected Camera Trap Pictures:

Camera Trap Photo 1: The rare endemic Bornean Peacock-Pheasant (tail feathers in red circle) has just passed this camera!

Camera Trap Photo 2: Another rare endemic species, the Bornean Ground-Cuckoo

41

\

Camera Trap Photo 3 and 4: A female Sambar deer and juvenile (above) and male (below)

42

Camera Trap Photo 5: The Yellow Muntjac is also a Borneo endemic

Camera Trap Photo 6: Sungai Wain has a healthy population of mouse deer

43

Camera Trap Photo 7: The Crested Fireback (male and female seen) is one of the more spectacular ground birds

Camera Trap Photo 8: Pigtail Macaques are the most commonly camera trapped species

44

Camera Trap Photo 9: Several clouded leopards (the largest cat on Borneo) live in Sungai Wain

Camera Trap Photo 10: This juvenile orangutan is an offspring from orangutan that were released in Sungai Wain over 20 years ago

45

5. Secretariat

5.3. Administration and Logisitical Support

No major issues with administration and logistical support are reported. As of March a new

logistics support person was hired to support the Sungai Wain Protection Coordinator with

procurement and disbursement of logistics for the field teams, and coordinating vehicle

maintenance.

The mobility of field teams was temporarily hindered during January and February due to delays

in official secondment of 4WD patrol vehicles to the management team. The prevaling wet

weather has also been placing a strain on the motorbike pool due to increased wear and tear and

maintenance needs.

5.1. GIS and Database Management

As of March 2017, the new logistics assistant noted above also has GIS and computing skills and

has also been made responsible for maintenance of the GIS database, the production of maps

as required, monitoring fire alerts, and period checks for new remote sensing imagery for SWPF.

To prepare for better spatial analysis of threats and management, as of April 2017, procedures

for reporting of patrolling and protection activities were changed to require keeping of all GPS

tracks recording on patrol. This was in anticipation of transitioning of patrolling into the

“SMART” patrol system. Management is currently designing the baseline spatial data for this.

Terminology for different parts of the SWPF is also being revised and standardized to allow for a

clearer common spatial nomenclature for different parts of the forest. This spatial

nomenclature is shown in the incident maps for May and June.

46

APPENDIX I: Photographic Documentation of Patrol and Management Activities

DOCUMENTATION OF SELECTED PATROL AND PROTECTION ACTIVITIES SUNGAI WAIN PROTECTION FOREST, 2017

No Photo Description

1.

→ Foot patrol found a bird

snare (for ground birds) → Date: 19 Jan 2017 → Location: Selok Bugis (E:

480905 – N: 9872830) → Action: Snare removed and

taken for evidence

2.

→ Foot patrol on forest border:

small trails discovered heading into forest from the social forestry area between km 20 – 22

→ Time: 30 Jan 2017

→ Location: Border with Social

Forestry Area (HKm)

→ Action: All trails closed off with police line tapes

3.

→ Foot patrol within SWPF:

discovery of felled eaglewood and poaching area, with bird “glue” for trapping birds also found

→ Date: 6 Feb 2017 → Location: E: 482782, N:

9876233 → Action: Documentation and

closure of area with police line tapes

47

4.

→ Motorbike patrol on forest edge: land clearing fire outside SWPF boundary; farmer not encountered; fire danger rating was low, and moist conditions prevented spread of fire

→ Time: 11 Feb 2017 → Location: Outside west

border

→ Action: Documentation and confirmed that fire not spreading

5.

→ Receiving Visitors: group

from an Interpol study visit to SWPF

→ Date: 9 Mar 2017 → Location: Near HQ, Pos Ulin,

Sei Wain village

6.

→ Foot patrol found a snare

(foot snare targeted at larger mammals such as pig)

→ Date: 08 April 2017 → Location: DAS Bugis (E:

481041, N: 9872966) → Action: Snare removed and

taken to HQ

48

7.

→ Foot patrol found a

poacher’s hunting platform in a tree

→ Date: 23 April 2017 → Location: DAS Bugis (E:

480489, N: 9872722)

→ Action: The hunting platform was removed and destroyed

8.

→ Foot Patrol: patrolling during

floods to check on any sign of unauthorized entry

→ Location: Ecotourism zone (Wain watershed)

→ Action: None, no sign found

9.

→ Training: Simulated Fire-

fighting Exercise for local University forestry students on work experience

→ Date: 2 – 3 May 2017

→ Location: Pos Ulin HQ

49

10.

→ Monitoring of Coal Fires:

Documenting status of coal fires, measuring affected areas; cleaning firebreaks

→ Date: 23 May 2017 → Location: Northwest sector

near border → Action: 5 fires still active;

firebreaks cleaned

11.

→ Foot Patrol: discovered

timber processing site

→ Date: 16 June 2017 → Location: In HKm + 20 meter

from border of core zone( E: 484213; N:9872251)

→ Action: Took coordinates and documentation; reported to Forestry Management Unit

12.

→ Foot Patrol: discovered

recent camp fire (probably made by fisherman)

→ Date: 24 June 2017

→ Location: Core Zone, Wain

watershed (E: 482487, N: 9875902)

→ Action: Took coordinates

and followed track; suspected original access from the HKm Km 20 area

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13

→ Foot Patrol: in primary forest

of the Wain watershed to check of illegal incursions

→ Date: 8 – 9 June 2017

→ Location: From Pos Ulin HQ to Camp Djamal to Pos 1 HKm Km 20

→ No incidents found this trip

14.

→ Poacher’s trail found

→ Date : 25 August 2017 → Location : edge of HKm near

Guardpost 2 (E: 488126, N: 9881630)

→ Action : Coordinates taken,

documentation and cordoning. Followed trail to end, probably made by anglers.

15.

→ Motorbike patrol found wild

pig killed by “bomb”

→ Date : 12 September 2017 → Location: Northern border

near “Red Post” at KM.25 (E : 487812, N : 9882846)

→ Actions : Searched

surroundings to determine location of “bomb”: believed to be outside HLSW, with injured pig running towards the forest; took coordinates.

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16.

→ Foot patrol found 3 mist nets

for poaching song birds

→ Date : 15 October 2017 → Location : Research trail H

(01 E: 480033, N: 9878243, 02 E: 479982 N: 9878295, 03 E: 480114 N: 9878190)

→ Action: Took coordinates,

documentation; removed nets for evidence

17.

→ Foot patrol discovered

felled eaglewood tree

→ Time : 12 November 2017

→ Location : border of HKm near Guardpost 1 at km 20 (E : 483907 , N : 9877636)

→ Action : Took coordinates,

documentation; cordoned area

18.

→ Foot patrol found a temporary shelter erected by bird poachers

→ Date : 15 November 2017 → Location : Northwest

HLSW, near Guardpost 4 (E : 479925, N : 9882663)

→ Action: Took coordinates

and documentation; dismantled shelter

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APPENDIX II: Maps

1. General Situation Map Sungai Wain Protection Fores

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2. Collation of all Incidents in Sungai Wain Protection Forest for 2017

3. Collation of all Patrols in Sungai Wain Protection Forest for 2017 (since April)

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