summary slides
DESCRIPTION
Summary Slides. Part 3. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms). A. Class Cestoda -tapeworms 1. Taenia : pork or beef taeniasis; cysticercosis in muscles Taenia pisiformis – dog or cat tapeworm B. Class Trematoda - Flukes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Part 3
1
Summary Slides
![Page 2: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
For Lecture 3 Exam
The whole test is matching. Be able to match the following with their description:
Virulence factors/enzymesThe three hemolysis patternsDisease termsToxinsMatch the disease to the organismKnow which diseases have which vectors
(invertebrates PPT)2
![Page 3: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Virulence Factors
Adhesins (to adhere) Invasins (to get into cells) Endotoxin (LPS, LOS, and Lipid A) Exotoxins
Cytotoxins (kills cells) Enterotoxin (GI upset) Neurotoxins (disrupts nerves)
H Ag (flagella allows motility) K Ag (capsule) Angiotrophic ability (pulls blood vessels close) Facultative intracellular pathogens (can survive with and without O2) MDR plasmids (genetic drug resistance) PG (prostaglandins; promotes inflammation)
• Enzymes• β lactamase (deactivates penicillins)• Ribosylase (causes diarrhea)• Catalase• Coagulase (causes blood clots)• Staphylokinase (dissolves blood clots)• Streptokinase (dissolves blood clots)• IgA or IgG protease (deactivates Ab’s)• Hyaluronidase (can move thru tissues)• SOD (superoxide dismutase;
deactivates WBC lysosomes)
![Page 4: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Hemolysis
Hemolysin Patterns: (alpha hemolysis; partially breaks down RBC
membranes. Turn blood agar green) (beta hemolysis; completely ruptures RBCs.
Turns blood agar clear) (gamma hemolysis is no RBC lysis; no color
change on blood agar)
4
![Page 5: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Disease Terms Furuncle (boil; infected hair follicles) Carbuncles (mass of boils) Cellulitis/ soft tissue infections. Scalded Skin Syndrome exfolatin toxin from Staph aureus Necrotizing Faciitis: destroys muscle and fat tissue Toxic Shock: Bacteremia (bacteria in blood) and multisystem failure Enterointoxication (enterotoxin-mediated diarrhea). This is Dz, not infection. Pneumonia (fluid in the lungs) Osteomyelitis (bone infection). Requires 6-8 weeks of iv antibiotics Renal Abscess infarcts (seeds from renal artery, forms abscess, clots
blood beyond that site) Endocarditis (heart valve infection) --> destruction of valve --> blood clot
forms, breaks off, travels as a septic embolism5
![Page 6: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Outer membrane
Peptidoglycan
GRAM NEGATIVE GRAM POSITIVE6
![Page 7: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Inner plasma membrane
Outer plasma membrane
ENDOTOXINS
(GRAM NEGATIVE ONLY)
Cell Wall
LPS
O Antigen
Lipid A (endotoxin)
LPS7 (LOS is LPS with a smaller O antigen)
![Page 8: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bacteria list Gram Positive bacteria
Gram Positive Cocci Staphylococcus
S. aureusS. haemolyticusS. epidermidisS. saprophyticus
Streptococcus Group A (Strep. Pyogenes)Group B (Streptococcus
agalactiae)Group D (Enterococcus
faecalis)Viridins (Steptococcus
pneumoniae)
8
• Gram Positive Rods• Bacillis cereus• Bacillis anthracis• Clostridium perfringins• Clostridium difficile• Clostridium botulinum• Clostridium tetani • Listeria• Proprionibacterium acnes• Corynebacterium diptheriae• Nocordia asteroides• Actinomyces israelii
• Acid-fast bacteria• Mycobacterium tuburclulosis• Mycobacterium leprae
• Non-acid-fast, non-gram staining • Mycoplasma pneuomoniae
![Page 9: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Exotoxins and their classificationCytotoxins
Verotoxin (Shigella-like toxin; E. coli EHEC)AB toxin (Kills colon epithelium; E. coli EHEC)Toxic Shock Syndrome toxin (Staph aureus)Exfolatin (Scalded Skin Syndrome; Staph aureus)Necrotizing Fasciitis Toxin (group A Strep)AnthraxDiphtheriaPertussis and tracheal cytotoxin
EnterotoxinsNeurotoxins
BotulismTetanus
9
![Page 10: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Gram positive exotoxins (no endotoxins)
Staphylococcus aureusClostridium difficile Clostridium perfringensClostridium botulinumClostridium tetaniBacillus cereusBacillus anthracisCorynebacterium
diphtheriae
10
Cytotoxin, Enterotoxin
Cytotoxins (TSS, NF, exfolatin), Neurotoxin, Enterotoxin
Neurotoxin (botulism toxin)Cytotoxin, Enterotoxin
Enterotoxin
Cytotoxin (Anthrax toxin)
Neurotoxin (Tetanus toxin)
Cytotoxin (Diphtheria toxin)
![Page 11: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What Diseases do these cause?
Gram Positive bacteria Gram Positive Cocci
Staphylococcus S. aureusS. haemolyticusS. epidermidisS. saprophyticus
StreptococcusGroup A (Strep. Pyogenes)Group B (Streptococcus agalactiae)Group D (Enterococcus faecalis)Viridins (Steptococcus pneumoniae)
11
Food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, toxic shock, bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, MRSA
Skin infections
Wound and internal fixation devices infections
UTI
Nosocomial infections
Strep throat, Scarlet fever, Impetigo, Toxic Shock Syndrome, Necrotizing fasciitis, Rheumatic fever
neonatal sepsis and meningitis in infants
Pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, cavities, sinus and ear infections
![Page 12: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What Diseases do these cause?
12
• Gram Positive Rods• Bacillis cereus• Bacillis anthracis• Clostridium perfringins• Clostridium difficile• Clostridium botulinum• Clostridium tetani • Listeria• Proprionibacterium acnes• Corynebacterium diptheriae• Nocordia asteroides• Actinomyces israelii
• Acid-fast bacteria• Mycobacterium tuburclulosis• Mycobacterium leprae
• Non-acid-fast, non-gram staining • Mycoplasma pneuomoniae
Food poisoning
anthrax
Food poisoning, gas gangrene
Diarrhea from antibiotics, pseudomembranous colitis
Botulism
Tetanus
Food poisoning
acne
Diphtheria
Pneumonia, wounds, CNS infections
Maxillary osteomyelitis, human bite wounds
Tuberculosis
Hansen’s disease
Walking pneumonia
![Page 13: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Gram Negative Bacteria
13
E. coliEnterobacter aerogenesKlebsiella pneumoniaeProteus vulgarisSerratia marcescensCampylobacter jejuniSalmonella typhiShigella dysenteriaeYersinia enterocolitica
and pestis
Neisseria gonorrhea and meningitis
Vibrio choleraeHelicobacteri pyloriHaemophilus influenzaeBordetella pertussisFrancisella tularensisBrucellaPseudomonas aeruginosaRickettsia sppChlamydia sppLegionellaBartonella sppPasturella multocida
Enterobacteriaceae
Not Enterobacteriaceae
NOTE: All of the organisms on this slide are rods except Neisseria, which are cocci (diplococci).
![Page 14: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SpirochetesTreponema pallidumBorelia burgdorferi
14
![Page 15: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
E. coli strains/serotypesmost normal flora E. coli are non-pathogenic in
intestinal tract
pathogenic strains:EPEC (enteropathic)ETEC (enterotoxic)EHEC (enterohemorrhagic)EIEC (enteroinvasive)EAEC (enteroaggregative)UPEC (uropathogenic)
![Page 16: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What Diseases Do These Cause?
E. coli Enterobacter aerogenesKlebsiella pneumoniaeProteus vulgarisSerratia marcescensCampylobacter jejuniSalmonella typhi
Shigella dysenteriaeYersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis
16
Enterobacteriaceae
Diarrhea, pneumonia, septicemia
Diarrhea, septicemia, UTI
Pneumonia, septicemia
UTI, diarrhea, nosocomial wound infections
UTI, wound infections (catheters), pink grout
Diarrhea from poultry, sick puppies; septicemia
Diarrhea and typhoid fever; feces on food, raw chicken, reptiles
Bloody diarrhea from human feces
Diarrhea; lymph node inflammation
Bubonic (black) plaque
![Page 17: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Neisseria gonorrhea Neisseria meningitisVibrio choleraeHelicobacteri pyloriHaemophilus
influenzaeBordetella pertussisFrancisella tularensis
What Diseases Do These Cause?
17
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Stomach and duodenal ulcers
Meningitis (infants), conjunctivitis, STD, endocarditis
Whooping cough, kennel cough in dogs
Rabbit Fever
Meningitis
![Page 18: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
BrucellaPseudomonas
aeruginosaRickettsia sppChlamydia sppLegionellaBartonella sppPasturella multocida
What Diseases Do These Cause?
18
Carrion's disease, Trench Fever, Cat Scratch Fever
Undulant fever, abortions
Infects ulcers and burns, cellulitis, otitis
Rocky Mt spotted fever, endemic and epidemic typhus STD and trachoma
Legionnaires’ disease (pneumonia)
Bird Cholera
![Page 19: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Vectors and their DiseasesOrganism Disease Vector
Francisella tularensis
Tularemia (“Rabbit Fever”)
Dermacentor ticks (hard tick) and deer flies
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Ticks
Rickettsia typhi
Endemic typhus
Fleas
Rickettsia prowazekii
Epidemic typhus
Lice
Bartonella bacilliformis
Carrión’s Disease
Sand flies
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme Disease
Ixodes ticks (hard tick)
Borrelia recurrentis
Epidemic Relapsing Fever
Lice
Borrelia hermsii Endemic Relapsing Fever
Ornithodoros (Soft tick)
Yersinia pestis Bubonic plague Fleas
19
![Page 20: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
A. Class Cestoda -tapeworms 1. Taenia: pork or beef taeniasis; cysticercosis in muscles
Taenia pisiformis – dog or cat tapeworm
B. Class Trematoda - Flukes 2. Clonorchis sinensis - liver fluke: granulomas 3. Fasciolopsis buski - giant intestinal fluke 4. Schistosoma mansoni- blood fluke:
schistosomiasis and swimmer’s itch
C. Class Turbellaria - free-living flatworms, not parasitic 5. Planaria spp. 20
![Page 21: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Phylum Nematoda A. roundworms 1. Pinworms
Enterobius vermicularis: Enterobiasis 2. Other Roundworms
Ascaris lumbricoides (intestinal round worm): ascariasis Toxicara canis and catis (dog and cat): VLM in humans
Wuchereria bancrofti: ElephantitisLoa Loa: Filariasis (eye worm)
B.HookwormsNecator americanus Ancylostoma braziliense (dog and cat):
CLM in humans; Loeffler’s syndrome in human lungs
ThreadwormsTrichinella spiralis: Trichinellosis in muscle21
![Page 22: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Phylum AnalidaSegmented Worms
A. Class Hirudinea 1. Hirudo medicinalis (leech)
22
![Page 23: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Phylum Arthropoda Class Arachnia (ticks and mites)
Hard TicksDermacenter
Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia spp) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)
Ixodes Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) Babbesiosis (Babesia microti; USA protozoa)
Amblyomma Ehrlickiosis
Soft TicksOrnithidoros
Endemic Relapsing Fever Tick paralysis
MitesSarcoptes scabiei (itch mite)Dermatophagoides (dust mite)23
![Page 24: Summary Slides](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56813afb550346895da38c9d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Phylum Arthropoda
24
• Class Insecta (fleas and lice)– Fleas
• Bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis)• Endemic typhus (Rickettsia typhi)• Tapeworms in pets
– Lice• Pediculus humanis corporus (human body louse)
– Epidemic Typhus (Rickettsia prowasekii)– Epidemic Relapsing Fever (Borrelia recurrentis
)• Pthirus pubis-(crab louse)