SUMMARY OF BLOOD GROUPS

BLOOD GROUP ISBT NO. CHROMOSOME Ig TYPE (IgG/IgM)

REACTION TEMP/ PHASE

ENZYME ENHANCEMENT

MUST KNOW GOOD TO KNOW

MAJOR BLOOD GROUPS:Rh (D,C,E,c,e) 004 1 IgG Warm/

AHGEnhanced - Second most important blood group

- Transmembrane Nonglycosylated protein (crosses the rbc membrane 12 times)

- IgG antibody (can cross the placenta). Causes HDFN (severe form = anti-D and anti-c) and HTR (extravascular)

- Immunogenecity of Rh antigens:D > c > E > C > e

- Rh type incompatibility occurs between Rh negative mothers and Rh positive neonates

- Inherited as codominant alleles (crossing-over is rare)

- The “d” phenotype is not a true antigen, it’s just a code for no D antigen present

- The greatest number of D antigen sites are on cells with the D- - phenotype (has a potent antibody against Hr0), next would be the R2R2 phenotype

- Weak D variants Genetic Weak D – D antigens

expressed appear to be complete but few in number

C trans – “position effect”. The allele carrying the D is trans the allele carrying the

- Fetal cells test positive by DAT if the neonate has Rh HDN (because antigens are well developed at birth)

- Rh Antigen Typing Reagents Saline Reactive

Reagents – contain IgM. Low protein based and can be used to test cells that are coated with IgG antibody. Cannot be used for weak D typing.

High Protein Reagents – human plasma containing high titer of D specific antibody. Increases likelihood of false positive reactions. Able to perform weak D testing and slide typing with the same reagent

Chemically Modified Reagents – used for both slide and tube methods. AB Rh positive or when Rh test is performed by

C (Dce/ dCe) D Mosaic or Partial D – one

or more parts of the D antigen is missing (does not react with most commercially available anti-D reagents). Rh:13, Rh:14, Rh:15, Rh: 16

- D Status: a. If blood to be transfused is known as a weak D or mosaic = Rh positive b. If a recipient is known as mosaic or weak D = Rh negative

- Unusual/ Rare Phenotypes Cw – expressed in

combination with either C or c in the absence of the other allele

f (ce) – expressed on the red cell when both c and e are present on the same haplotype or cis position.

Rhi (Ce) – present when C and e are in the cis configuration

G – present in most D positive and all C positive red blood cells. It reacts as though it were a combination of anti-C plus anti-D

Rh: 23 – also known as Wiel and Dw (Va D mosaic)

Rh: 30 – also known as Goa or Dcor (IV D mosaic)

itself, a saline control is needed

Monoclonal Antibody Reagent – derived from single clones of antibody-producing cells. Can be used for slide, tube, microwell and automated testing

ABO 001 9 IgM Cold/ NA (“,)

SalineOTHER MAJOR BLOOD GROUPS

Duffy (Fy) 008 1 IgGWarm/

AHG

Destroyed *except for

FY6 (unaffected by

AET)

MNSs 002 4 MN = IgMSsU = IgG

MN=cold/ saline

SsU=warm/ AHG

Destroyed (unaffected by

AET)

Ii 027 6 IgM Cold/ saline

Enhanced

Kell (KEL) 006 7 IgGWarm/

AHG

Destroyed *except for

+KxKidd (Jk/ dbMHC)

009 18 IgG Warm/ AHG

Enhanced

Lutheran (LU) 005 19 IgM Cold/ saline

Destroyed by ZZAP

(unaffected by AET)

Lewis (Le) 007 19 IgM Cold/ saline

Enhanced

Hh/ Bombay 018 19 IgM Cold/ saline

NA (“,)

P 003 22 IgMCold/ saline

Enhanced (unaffected by

AET)MINOR BLOOD GROUPS

Scianna (SC) 013 1 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Cromer (CROM) 021 1 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Knops (KN) 022 1 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Gerbich (Ge) 020 2 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Langeries (LAN) 032 2 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Globoside (GLOB)

028 3 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Junior (JR) 33 4 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Chido/ Rogers (CH/RG)

017 6 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

JMH 026 6 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

RHAG 030 6 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Cartwright (Yt) 011 7 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Colton (CO) 015 7 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Gil (GIL) 029 9 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Forssman (FORS) 031 9 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Indian (IN) 023 11 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Raph (MER2) 025 11 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Dombrock (DO) 014 12 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Diego (DI) 010 17 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Landsteiner – Weiner(LW)

016 19 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Ok (OK) 024 19 IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

XG 012 X IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT

Kx (XK) 019 X IgG Warm/ AHG

NO LIT