Download - Summary of Blood Groups
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SUMMARY OF BLOOD GROUPS
BLOOD GROUP ISBT NO. CHROMOSOME Ig TYPE (IgG/IgM)
REACTION TEMP/ PHASE
ENZYME ENHANCEMENT
MUST KNOW GOOD TO KNOW
MAJOR BLOOD GROUPS:Rh (D,C,E,c,e) 004 1 IgG Warm/
AHGEnhanced - Second most important blood group
- Transmembrane Nonglycosylated protein (crosses the rbc membrane 12 times)
- IgG antibody (can cross the placenta). Causes HDFN (severe form = anti-D and anti-c) and HTR (extravascular)
- Immunogenecity of Rh antigens:D > c > E > C > e
- Rh type incompatibility occurs between Rh negative mothers and Rh positive neonates
- Inherited as codominant alleles (crossing-over is rare)
- The “d” phenotype is not a true antigen, it’s just a code for no D antigen present
- The greatest number of D antigen sites are on cells with the D- - phenotype (has a potent antibody against Hr0), next would be the R2R2 phenotype
- Weak D variants Genetic Weak D – D antigens
expressed appear to be complete but few in number
C trans – “position effect”. The allele carrying the D is trans the allele carrying the
- Fetal cells test positive by DAT if the neonate has Rh HDN (because antigens are well developed at birth)
- Rh Antigen Typing Reagents Saline Reactive
Reagents – contain IgM. Low protein based and can be used to test cells that are coated with IgG antibody. Cannot be used for weak D typing.
High Protein Reagents – human plasma containing high titer of D specific antibody. Increases likelihood of false positive reactions. Able to perform weak D testing and slide typing with the same reagent
Chemically Modified Reagents – used for both slide and tube methods. AB Rh positive or when Rh test is performed by
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C (Dce/ dCe) D Mosaic or Partial D – one
or more parts of the D antigen is missing (does not react with most commercially available anti-D reagents). Rh:13, Rh:14, Rh:15, Rh: 16
- D Status: a. If blood to be transfused is known as a weak D or mosaic = Rh positive b. If a recipient is known as mosaic or weak D = Rh negative
- Unusual/ Rare Phenotypes Cw – expressed in
combination with either C or c in the absence of the other allele
f (ce) – expressed on the red cell when both c and e are present on the same haplotype or cis position.
Rhi (Ce) – present when C and e are in the cis configuration
G – present in most D positive and all C positive red blood cells. It reacts as though it were a combination of anti-C plus anti-D
Rh: 23 – also known as Wiel and Dw (Va D mosaic)
Rh: 30 – also known as Goa or Dcor (IV D mosaic)
itself, a saline control is needed
Monoclonal Antibody Reagent – derived from single clones of antibody-producing cells. Can be used for slide, tube, microwell and automated testing
ABO 001 9 IgM Cold/ NA (“,)
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SalineOTHER MAJOR BLOOD GROUPS
Duffy (Fy) 008 1 IgGWarm/
AHG
Destroyed *except for
FY6 (unaffected by
AET)
MNSs 002 4 MN = IgMSsU = IgG
MN=cold/ saline
SsU=warm/ AHG
Destroyed (unaffected by
AET)
Ii 027 6 IgM Cold/ saline
Enhanced
Kell (KEL) 006 7 IgGWarm/
AHG
Destroyed *except for
+KxKidd (Jk/ dbMHC)
009 18 IgG Warm/ AHG
Enhanced
Lutheran (LU) 005 19 IgM Cold/ saline
Destroyed by ZZAP
(unaffected by AET)
Lewis (Le) 007 19 IgM Cold/ saline
Enhanced
Hh/ Bombay 018 19 IgM Cold/ saline
NA (“,)
P 003 22 IgMCold/ saline
Enhanced (unaffected by
AET)MINOR BLOOD GROUPS
Scianna (SC) 013 1 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Cromer (CROM) 021 1 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Knops (KN) 022 1 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
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Gerbich (Ge) 020 2 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Langeries (LAN) 032 2 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Globoside (GLOB)
028 3 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Junior (JR) 33 4 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Chido/ Rogers (CH/RG)
017 6 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
JMH 026 6 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
RHAG 030 6 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Cartwright (Yt) 011 7 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Colton (CO) 015 7 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Gil (GIL) 029 9 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Forssman (FORS) 031 9 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Indian (IN) 023 11 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Raph (MER2) 025 11 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Dombrock (DO) 014 12 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Diego (DI) 010 17 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Landsteiner – Weiner(LW)
016 19 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
Ok (OK) 024 19 IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
XG 012 X IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT
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Kx (XK) 019 X IgG Warm/ AHG
NO LIT