summary disparity wealth &dev
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Disparities in wealth and development
Development Improvement in human welfare, quality of life, social well being. Satisfyingthe populations needs and wants. (measured using a range ofsocio-economic indicators)
Ways of representing data to give some idea of disparity that could be asked in the IB exam
0 = Complete equality (everybody has thesame amount)
100 = Complete inequality (one person
has all the income
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Development Diamonds
HDI Human development index [ HDI] a composite measure of development .
This combine a number of single component indices to give a combined score.
By illustrating multiple
component indices
diagrammatically it is
possible to compare the
relative performance in
each of the separate
indicators
Income inequality is usually measured by
a countrys Gini Coefficient, in which 0 is
perfect equality and 1 is perfect
inequality. .
China Gini Coefficient rose as different
fortunes of rural and urban households.
Productivity, hence income is low in
agriculture.
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It includes 3 basic components of human development
1] Longevity- [ life expectancy]
2] adult literacy & average number of years of schooling
3] standard of living income adjusted to local cost of living i.e. purchasing power parity [PPP]
Measurement of development
Other composite indices
Development
measured
GDI
simply HDI adjustedfor gender inequality
GEM
Norway [ .837]
Yemen [ .127]
Education
min of 0.0 to max of1.0
Afghanistan - .33
Australia -.99
Infant mortality
no of children thatdie before their first
birthday
High in poor countrie
Nutrition
815 hungry people indeveloping countries
HDI
measurement shownbetween 0- 1
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How can we measure poverty???
Human Poverty Index 1 (for developing countries)
HPI-1 - % of pop with life expectancy of
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An example comparison for each
Examine the progress made in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in
poverty reduction, education health.
Find at least 2 countries with different trends refer to case study scan of India and Mali
origin ofdisparities
income inequalities
employmentinequalities
e.g . differences dueto formal and informal
sector jobs
residence[ livingconditions]
e.g. slums- disease ,stigmatization,
geographic isolation,lack of basic services
ethnicity and race
e.g. aborogines inaustralia die 20 yrs
earlier
more IMR
Parental educationand inequality e.g.
higher education= lesschildren .
&
education = growth ofeconomy
land ownership [
tenure]e.g. decline of
subsistenceagriculture in S.Africa
and tenure inCambodia /India
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Reducing disparities
Evaluate the effectiveness ofstrategies designed to reduce disparities
HUMAN
dEVELOPMENT
strategies
Expandingtrade-trading
blocs
[ e.g. ASEAN] exportprocessing
and free tradezone
e.g Incheon
FEZ- S.Korea
fair andethicaltrade
debt relief
e.g.HIPCinitiative
Migrantworkers
[Remittances]
Aid
e.g.top down& bottom up
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