suitability of the maumee river for spawning of bigheaded carp
DESCRIPTION
Presented at the Aug. 2011 Lake Erie LaMP Forum hosting by the Ohio Environmental CouncilTRANSCRIPT
Suitability of the Maumee River for spawning of bigheaded carp (Hypophthalmichthys spp.)
Patrick M. KocovskyUSGS Great Lakes Science Center
Sandusky, OH
Duane ChapmanUSGS Columbia Environmental Research Center
Columbia, MO
Photo: Steve Morse, University of Missouri
Asian Carps in North America
• Imported in 1970s for aquaculture and sewage treatment
• Escapees in Mississippi and Arkansas Rivers by mid 1970s
• Reproducing populations throughout lower Mississippi drainage
http://nas2.er.usgs.gov/viewer/omap.aspx?SpeciesID=549
Asian Carps Invading the Great Lakes – CSSC
• eDNA beyond barrier – Jerde et al.
- One bighead carp captured in canal system above barrier
- One bighead carp captured just below barrier
http://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/AsianCarp/BarriersFactSheet.pdf
Asian Carps Invading the Great Lakes – Eagle Marsh
- links Wabash and Maumee basins near Ft. Wayne, IN
- Barrier fence erected to block passage during floods
Asian Carps Invading the Great Lakes – Grand Lake St. Mary’s
To Wabash To Maumee
- Roush dam on Wabash prevents unassisted passage
-Spawning behavior observed near dam
Asian Carp Invading the Great Lakes
Lake Erie
NNNN
0 100 200 300 km
Capture locations of bighead carp
Maumee River
http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/collectioninfo.aspx?SpeciesID=551
Question: Do conditions favorable for spawning of Asian carp exist in Lake Erie and the Maumee River?
Methods
• Examined literature from native and introduced populations to determine spawning requirements:
1) Minimum accumulated heat - maturation – 2,685 ADD- onset of spawning – 655 ADD15, 919 ADD15
2) Flood event- typical cue for spawning
3) Sufficient drift distance- function of velocity and water temperature
Examination period: 1990-2009
Methods
Minimum accumulated heat:
Calculated total degree days (sum of mean daily temperatures) to determine when and if thermal requirements met from Leamington, ON municipal water intake (lake)
Flood events:
Examined USGS flow data (water.usgs.gov)- identified all flood events with minimum velocity 0.7 m/s- determined dates, event duration, peak velocity
Drift distance:
Calculated total length of passable river- Passable = dams have passage structure or head lower than flood stage- Predicted stream temperature from thermal model- Predicted velocity from discharge
From USGS Water Resources:
4-14-2011
Q =167 m3/s (provisional)
V ≈ 0.92 m/s
Stage ≈1.09 m
Descending limb
4-21-2011
Q = 954 m3/s (provisional)
V ≈ 1.7 m/s
Stage ≈ 2.7 m
Ascending limb
Grand Rapids DamGrand Rapids DamGrand Rapids DamGrand Rapids Dam
RKM 54RKM 54RKM 54RKM 54
Median daily Q=360 m3/s
Photo: Patrick M. Kocovsky, USGS
Photo: Patrick M. Kocovsky, USGS
Methods
Drift distance:
Calculated required length of stream (D, km) given incubation time and velocity:
D = 3600VI/1000 = 3.6VI
where: V=velocity m/sI=incubation time, h3600=s/hr1000=m/km
If D < maximum length of passable river, event suitable for spawning
Thermal requirements
• Minimum for time series 3,974 - 48% higher than minimumWestern Lake Erie is thermally suitable for maturation
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C)
Year
Thermal requirements
• Thresholds for spawning:
onset of spawning 655 DD>15 degreesreached on average 23 June ± 7 d
mass spawning 919 DD>15 degreesreached on average 5 July ± 7 d
Thresholds reached in early summer, similar to timing in native and invaded habitats
Temperature model
Mean temperature: 23.4Time to hatch: 31 h
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Dis
ch
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- 44 flood events after
threshold for onset of
spawning (655 DD)
2.2/yr
- 27 flood events after
threshold for onset of mass
spawning (919 DD)
>1/yr
Flood events
85% of years had at least one
flood event after thermal
threshold for spawning
achieved
65% had multiple events
80% had at least one flood
event after thermal threshold
for mass spawning achieved
45% had multiple events
Most years had at
least one flood event suitable
for spawning
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Flood events
Drift distance
y = 0.1513x0.353
R² = 0.9799
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Ve
locity
(m
/s)
Discharge (m3/s)
Passable distance: 209 kmHighest V on 23 August 2007: 2.1 m/s
D = 3.6VI = 3.6*2.1*31 = 234.4 > 209 = V too fast
2nd highest V on 10 July 2003: 1.85 m/sD = 3.6VI = 3.6*1.85*31 = 206.5 < 209 = V sufficient
Length of open river suffices for nearly all floods
Conclusions
• Maumee River is thermally and hydrographically suitable for spawning of bigheaded carp
- no major impediments and suitable drift conditions- Maumee Bay excellent rearing environment
• NOT known: - locations and suitability of spawning microhabitats
e.g., nature of flow (turbulent, laminar)
• Additional research needed to identify potential spawning locations or to determine entire length is suitable for development of mitigation options
• Method is being applied to six other major tributaries: Sandusky, Portage, Huron, Vermilion, Black, Grand (OH)
Acknowledgements
• Gary Dunmore, Ontario Clean Water Agency
• Keith Banachowski and Rodney Tornes, Ohio Department of Natural Resources
• Andrea Stoneman, Delaware State University
• Jim McKenna, USGS
• USGS Great Lakes Science Center and Columbia Environmental Research Center