suhu dan pekembangan tanaman
DESCRIPTION
Slide Suhu dan Perkembangan Tanaman Agro MeteorologiTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Suhu dan
Perkembangan TanamanKuliah Agrometeorologi
Impron
Departemen Geofisika dan Meteorologi FMIPA IPB
![Page 2: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Suhu Kardinal (cardinal temperature):It is the minimum, maximum and optimum temperatures of
plant growth and development.
Limit:• Lower lethal• Lower threshold (Tb)• Optimum range (To)• Upper threshold (Tc)• Upper lethal
![Page 3: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
10 17 37 50
Suhu (oC)
Frak
si p
erke
cam
baha
n
Tb
To
Tc
![Page 4: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
No. Tanaman
Suhu lingkungan (oC)Tinggi tempat
(m dpl)Minimum/dasar Optmum Maksimum
1 Kubis (Brasica oleraceae) 5 `10 - 16 24 > 1600
2 Apel (Malus sylvestris) -18 11 - 20 24 > 1000
3 Kentang (Solanum tuberosum) -2 15 - 20 26 1000 - 1900
4 Gandum (Triticum aestivum) 5 15 - 20 25 1000 - 1900
5 Buncis 15 - 20 1000 - 1900
6 Bawang putih (Alliun cepa) 15 - 20 1000 - 1900
7 Bit Gula (Beta vulgaris) -7 18 - 22 30 700 - 1400
8 Wortel (Daucus carota) 5 `7 - 24 35 > 400
9 Tomat (Solanum esqulentum) 14 18 - 24 26 400 - 1400
10 Anggur (Vitis vinifera) 2 20 - 25 35 200 - 1000
11 Zaitun 20 - 25 200 - 1000
12 Nanas (Ananas comosus) 22 - 26 < 700
13 Melon (Cucumis melo) 15 25 - 27 - < 200
14 Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 10 26 - 29 44 < 100
15 Pisang (Musa spp) 10 25 - 30 37 < 200
16 Asparagus 10 24 - 30 35 < 400
17 Semangka (Cucumis sp) 15 22 - 30 40 < 700
18 Kapas (Gossypium hirsutum) 15 25 - 30 35 < 200
19 Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) 15 20 - 30 35 < 1000
20 Tebu (Saccharrum officcinrum) 15 22 - 30 35 < 700
21 Padi (Oryza sativa) 18 22 - 30 25 < 700
![Page 5: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Diagram laju dan durasi proses perkecambahan
![Page 6: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hubungan 1/t T (suhu)pada kisaran (Tb < T < To)
• 1/t = a + b T …………..(1)• 1/t = (T – Tb) / DD ….. (2)
Dimana:• T = suhu lingkungan (oC)• Tb = suhu dasar (oC)• To = suhu optimum (oC)• DD = degree days (thermal duration) yaitu integral time (day)-
temperature (oC) yang dibutuhkan untuk suatu proses perkembangan.• Satuan (oC.d)
• DD = (T – Tb) ……..(3)
![Page 7: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Contoh Analisis DD
pada 27oC pada 27oC
Cummulative emergence (X) pada tanaman millet
![Page 8: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Determinate dan Indeterminate• Perkembangan dari perkecambahan s.d. pematangan
(kedewasaan) merupakan suatu seri berbagai periode diskrit, masing-masing diidentifikasikan oleh suatu perubahan struktur, ukuran atau massa organ tertentu.
• Misal: dibutuhkan suatu periode tertentu untuk perkecambahan biji, dan pemunculannya ke permukaan tanah, untuk inisiasi primordia (daun, akar), untuk pembesaran dan pertumbuhan massa kanopi, batang, sistem akar, untuk pembungaan, dan pengisian biji
• Periode tersebut dibedakan menjadi determinate dan indeterminate
• Periode determinate: berawal dari suatu waktu dalam hubungan dengan kejadian spesifik (misal sowing) dan berakhir sebelum tanaman dipanen. Misal: tanaman semusim => tanaman padi
• Periode indeterminate mempunyai waktu awal terdefinisi tetapi mungkin berlanjut untuk beberapa bulan atau tahun. Misal: tanaman tahunan = > tanaman durian
![Page 10: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Suhu dan durasi pada kacang tanah.• Model pengaruh suhu pada durasi (t) untuk periode sowing to
flowering (a) dan sowing to maturity (b). • Pada (c) tidak tergantung suhu
![Page 11: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
No. Tanaman Tb To Tc DD (pemunculan daun, oC.d)
1 Shorgum 10 36 47 25
2 Pearl millet 11 33 44 40
3 Ground nut 10 34 44 65
4 Chickpea 0 30 >50 150
Variasi genetik dan respons terhadap suhu
• 1, 2, 3 => asal iklim tropik, perbedaan laju perkembangan (DD) • 4 => asal iklim mediteranean (?)• Umumnya, Tb tanaman asal iklim temperate 0 – 3 oC• Tb tanaman asal iklim tropik 9 – 13 oC
![Page 12: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Praktikum
Data• Data tagging perkembangan bunga-buah
tanaman tomat • Data cuaca harian (suhu)
Tugas• Tentukan DD untuk tiap periode
![Page 13: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Stadia warna perkembangan buah tomat
![Page 14: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Tiga Fase Perkembangan Padi
![Page 15: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
1. Fase Benih (Seedling)
![Page 16: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
![Page 17: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
• unimbibed seed (S0), • radicle from the seed (S1),• coleoptile emergence from the
seed (S2), • prophyll emergence from the
coleoptile (S3).
![Page 18: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
2. Fase Vegetatif (Vegetative)
![Page 19: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
![Page 20: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
![Page 21: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
![Page 22: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
![Page 23: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
• Vegetative development consists of stages V1, V2 … VN;
• N being equal to the final number of leaves with collars on the main stem.
![Page 24: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
3. Fase Reproduktif (Reproductive)
![Page 25: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
![Page 26: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
![Page 27: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
• Consists of 10 growth stages based on discrete morphological criteria
• panicle initiation (R0), panicle differentiation (R1), flag leaf collar formation (R2), panicle exertion (R3), anthesis (R4), grain length and width expansion (R5), grain depth expansion (R6), grain dry down (R7), single grain maturity (R8), and complete panicle maturity (R9).
![Page 28: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
![Page 29: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Padi
..... lebih sederhana
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/extension/growth-phases-of-an-upland-rice-plant.html
![Page 30: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
ANALISIS
![Page 32: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Konsep Thermal Unit:
degree day/heat unit
![Page 33: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
• Berlaku untuk tanaman netral• Tidak responsif terhadap
panjang hari• Tidak ada pengaruh faktor lain• Laju perkembangan berbanding
lurus dengan suhu
![Page 34: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
T0 Suhu (oC)
A
B
![Page 35: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
s = ∑ (T – To) / TUds = (T – To) / TU, T > Tods = 0, T > Tos = faseds = laju perkembangan (d-1)T = suhu udara rata-rata (oC)T0 = suhu dasar (oC)TU = thermal unit (d oC)
![Page 36: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
• s = 1 bila tingkat pertumbuhan telah tercapai • ∑ (T – To) = TU
• Jumlah hari (t) yang diperlukan untuk mencapai fase ditentukan pada saat s = 1
![Page 37: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Mencari suhu dasar To
![Page 38: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
T0Suhu rata-rata selama sebar-panen(oC)
Malang
BogorMojosari
Pusakanegara
Padi, IR64
1/t = 0.000904 T’ – 0.0144 r2= 0.93
![Page 39: Suhu Dan Pekembangan Tanaman](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/563dba98550346aa9aa6f2bf/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
1/t = T’/TU–To /TU = a T’+b
Merata-ratakan suhu harian selama fase tersebut (T’) sehingga pada saat
s = 1, maka t (T' - To ) = TU
1/t = 0.000904 T’ – 0.0144maka
a = 0.000904 = 1/TUdan
b = 0.0144 = To /TU
Nilai t dan T’ dapat diperoleh dari percobaan