subject: history week 3/4 year: 10—lesson 5 · 2020. 4. 20. · subject: history week 3/4 year:...
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Subject: History Week 3/4
Year: 10—Lesson 5
Challenges to Elizabeth: Plots and Revolts
Elizabeth faced many threats from at home and abroad between 1569—1558. These were driven by her Protestant beliefs and rivalries with European powers like Spain. She faced many plots which attempted to remove Elizabeth from the throne and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots.
The Northern Earls Revolt: 1569
In 1569, the Rising of the Northern Earls was an attempt to replace Elizabeth with Mary, Queen of Scots, and marry her to the Catholic Duke of Norfolk. Mary had arrived in England in 1568 after escaping from Scotland. The North was the most staunchly Catholic area of Britain. In addition, the powerful families of the north felt they had been left out and ignored during Elizabeth's rule because of their distance from London and their Catholic sympathies. They were jealous of her promotion of men like William Cecil and Robert Dudley who were from gentry backgrounds.
In 1569, the Catholic Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland began to recruit an army. The Duke of Norfolk would raise East Anglia and join the other rebels.
The Rising was a complete flop. There was little support for the earls in the North. They advanced into Yorkshire and surrounded York, but when royal forces approached the rebels fled. Norfolk’s nerve failed him and rising disintegrated as it failed to liberate Mary.
Review Questions
1. Give 3 reasons why Mary Queen of Scots was a threat to Elizabeth’s throne?
2. What did Elizabeth do with MQS when she arrived in England?
3. What was the Spanish Inquisition?
4. In what year did the Pope excommunicate Elizabeth?
5. What was a ‘sea beggar’?
1) Rank the threats Elizabeth faces from 1—4 . Can you identify at least 2 common links between these threats?
2) Why did the North Earls rebel against Elizabeth?
Who were the plotters?
Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland – Had been important under Mary I but lost much of his influence under Elizabeth. He had also lost the rights to a copper mine found on his lands to Elizabeth.
Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland – from an important Catholic Family
Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk – He was actually protestant, but hated the newcomers in Elizabeth’s court such as William Cecil and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. He also had close links to old, noble Catholic families. Part of the plan was for him to marry Mary, Queen of Scots.
Mary, Queen of Scots – She supported the plan to marry the Duke of Norfolk
Jane Neville – Wife of Charles Neville and the Duke of Norfolk’s sister. She was key in encouraging her husband in the rebellion.
Ann Percy – Wife of Thomas Percy, also key in encouraging her husband.
Above: The manifesto (objectives) of the earls that they wrote at the start of the rebellion.
What happened during the revolt?
3) What do they argue is the reason for their actions? Quote from the text and explain what it tells you about their actions.
4) Why might this piece of evidence not tell us the full story?
Chronology of the rebellion
1st November 1569. Elizabeth arrested the Duke of Norfolk for plotting a marriage between himself and Mary, Queen of Scots.
9th November 1569. The bells are rung at the Earl of Northumberland’s house to start the rebellion.
13th November 1569. Some Protestant earls start to raise troops to stop the rebellion but few are willing to do this in the north. They are scared of the Catholic Earls.
14th November 1569 The Earl of Northumberland takes Durham Cathedral. A Catholic Mass is celebrated and Protestant symbols destroyed violently.
16th November 1569 The Protestant earls are still having trouble forming an army in the north to fight the rebels. Not enough people.
By 22nd November 1569 All of the North East of England is under Catholic rebellion as far down as York.
On 22nd November 1569. Elizabeth moves Mary, Queen of Scots further south to Coventry in case she tries to escape (like she did before in Scotland) and help the earls.
30th November 1569 Catholic rebels capture the port of Hartlepool ready to get help from Spanish troops who they think are on their way.
16th December 1569 The Protestant Earl of Sussex managed to raise an army 14,000 strong. The Catholic rebel army of 5,400 flee back up north.
19th December 1569 The Catholic earls of Northumberland and Westmorland flee to Scotland. The rebellion failed.
5) Read the information in the table and code it into the different factors (Social, political, economic and religious) You may find some fit into more than one group.
6) Write a short paragraph explaining which factor you think was the main cause of the revolt.
Why did the Northern Earls revolt in 1569? KEY
The earls in the North were Catholic and
wanted England restored back to the Catholic
faith.
The earls had lost a lot of their power and
influence in England since Elizabeth became queen.
The earls did not like the new followers of
Elizabeth called William Cecil and Robert Dudley.
Many earls wanted Mary, Queen of Scots
as their leader.
Religion
The Earl of Northumberland felt his
own status was being challenged by new
Protestant families in the north.
The wives of the northern earls, Jane Neville and Ann Percy
influenced their husbands to rebel so
they could be part of the Royal Family.
A plan for Catholic, Mary Queen of Scots to marry
Protestant Robert Dudley did not please the
Northern earls.
The earls were not happy that Elizabeth’s religious settlement
was making everyone in the country worship a
more Protestant religion.
Politics
The Earl of Northumberland was
angry at one of Elizabeth’s closest
advisors, William Cecil and saw him as a threat.
The earls did not like the way they were treated
by James Pilkington who Elizabeth chose as the
new Archbishop of Durham.
The earls wanted Elizabeth to name an heir
or marry otherwise England’s future would be uncertain and there
might be war.
The earls believed that James Pilkington (Archbishop of
Durham) wanted to reduce their power and
influence further.
Econom
ic
The earls not only lost power but money and
land because of Elizabeth’s new Religious
Settlement.
The northern earls were motivated by thinking
they would have support from Spain.
The Earl of Westmoreland wanted to
make sure his Catholic family kept its power in
the north.
Many of the people in the north of England stayed Catholic and would support the
Earls.
Socia
l
Why did the Rising fail?
Cecil and Elizabeth knew the details of the Rising almost from the first days. Elizabeth did not panic and took firm actions. Norfolk received very little support in East Anglia. He was summoned to Windsor and arrested on his way. The Earls only raised about 2,500 men.
Mary was moved south to Coventry, where she could not be reached by the rebels.
The rebels realised that they had no chance of success and found themselves faced by a royal army of 28,000 men. About 700 rebels were hanged and 200 gentry had their lands seized and given to loyal supporters of the Queen. The Queen also increased the severity of laws against Catholics which led to the pope excommunicating her in 1570.
Exam Question: Describe 2 features of the Northern Earls Revolt of 1569.
Deadline: Wednesday 29th (Unless specified otherwise by your class teacher)
Mr Bennett [email protected]
Ms Baker [email protected]
Ms Watson [email protected]
Mr Fell [email protected]