OPHIDIA GROUP

PRESENTED BY :DR.NEETU M.D.(PGR)HOMOEOPATHY UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR

OPHIDIA

In the animal kingdom, one of the large

families contributing various drugs to

homoeopathy is the ophidia..

MORPHOLOGY OF SNAKE

Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes

More than 20 families are currently recognized, comprising about 500 genera and

about 3,400 species. They range in size from the tiny, 10 cm-long thread snake to the

Reticulated python of up to 8.7 meters (29 ft) in length.

Based on comparative anatomy , there is consensus that snakes descended from

lizards

DISTRIBUTION

The snakes are distributed world-wide. Majority of snakes inhabit the warm

parts of the world.

There are more than 2600 species of snakes in the world. Of these, about

216 species are found in India, of which 52 are poisonous.

The poisonous snakes are cobras, vipers, rattle snakes, kraits, coral snakes

and sea snakes.

USES OF SNAKES

Snakes are very valuable animals, as they eat rats, thus preventing them from

spoiling the crops.

Snake venom has many toxins, proteins and enzymes. Another important use of

snake venom is to manufacture anti-snake venom serum, the remedy for

snakebite.

In various cultures the snakes are eaten for medicinal purposes to cure gangrenes,

cholera, tuberculosis, meningitis and in hemorrhagic disorders.

Snake skin has ornamental values.

SENSES

HEARING: Snakes cannot hear any sounds; only the internal ears are

present which receive vibrations transmitted through the ground.

VISION: snakes have distinct visual system. they don’t have eyelids. the eye

has a transparent cover, which changes every-time the skin is shed. The

thinner and active species like tree and rat snakes have good eyesight. some

snakes which hunt at night have heat sensitive areas on their face, they can

detect and strike prey in the dark by sensing the warmth given off by the

animals.

SMELL: Snakes depend mostly on the forked tongue to pick up the scent from the

air and ground and transfer them to the Jacobson’s organs at the roof of the

mouth. That’s why a snake is constantly flicking its forked tongue out. With the

smell they not only hunt preys but also avoid its predators like mongoose and

man.

PAIN & TEMPERATURE: Snakes feel pain and are acutely sensitive and can suffer

from changes in temperature and humidity. When its too cool, their metabolic

rate goes down, it becomes too sluggish; when too hot, it gets dehydrated and

dies.

CONSTITUENTS OF SNAKE POISON

Fibrinolysins.

Proteolysins.

Neurotoxins.

Cholisterase. (predominant in Elapid viper)

Hemolysins (predominant in Viper venom)

Thromboplastin (predominant in Viper venom)

Agglutinins.

Cardiotoxins.

Coaugulase hyaluronidase (helps venom to spread rapidly).

MEDICINAL VALUE OF SNAKE VENOM

Cobra venom is used to relieve pain due to neural leprosy.

In Ayurvedic medicine snake venom is used as an antidote in the form of certain

‘Rasas’ against Tuberculosis.

Poison of rattle snake is used as medicine for epilepsy, nerve exhaustion.

Viper venom is used as hemostat. Used in haemophilia, during major surgery, to stop

haemorrhages.

Certain snake venoms are used as a local agent to treat rheumatism, inflammation of

joints, and neuralgic conditions.

It can also cure cancer.

DOCTRINE OF SIGNATURE

The snake is extremely sensitive to heat, so it lives in deep burrows where it is

cooler; the patient of ophidia group is worse from warmth, by hot drinks, in

sun and in summer.

The snake is more ferocious and poisonous when hungry; the patient of

ophidia group is aggravated by fasting and ameliorated after eating.

Snakes are poisonous. When we say the mind is poisoned, it means that

there is jealousy and suspicion; suspicion and jealousy are the characteristic

symptoms of the patients.

The snake coils itself from left to right; symptoms of ophidia group proceed

from left to right (except Crotalus and Elaps as they are right sided)

Immediately after a snakebite, the blood is let out from that site as a therapeutic

measure to limit the extent of damage; general relief from bleeding and any other

discharges.

The snake is very sensitive to touch and vibrations; patient is aggravated by touch

and slight sound.

The snakes can swallow relatively large creatures easily. Due to pressure created by

solids in the throat it can easily swallow the solids; patients can swallow solids

easily.

The stools of the snakes are black and offensive; the discharges in ophidia group

are dark and offensive.

The Indian Cobra passively coils in a stand as a warning whereas the Bushmaster

snake attacks immediately. The Rattlesnake makes loud noises before striking.

Such images are reflected in similar human temperaments

ACTION ON NERVES

The ophidia group acts on the Nervous System and paralyses nerves. They

directly weakens the brain and heart.

At first there develops a condition of anxiety, mental excitability and over

sensitiveness of the brain with hallucinations, anxious and fear.

Next develops : Nervous depression,Mental confusion.,Stupor,Low

delirium,Paralysis.

ACTION ON THE BLOOD

Haemorrhage: Which are usually dark, decomposed blood, oozing from every

orifice of the body and as a result of this, ecchymosis occurs.

1) LACHESIS TRIGONOCEPHALUS[ SURUKUKU SNAKE POISON,- PROVED BY HERING]

2) CROTALUS HORRIDUS [ BUSH MASTER ,RATTLE SNAKE- PROVED BY HERING]

3) CROTALUS CASCAVELLA [ PIT VIPER, BRAZILLIAN SNAKE-PROVED BY MURE]

4) NAJA TRIPUDIANS [ NAJA; COBRA]

5) ELAPS CORALLINUS [ CORAL SNAKE]

6) BOTHROPS LANCEOLATUS [ YELLOW VIPER ]

7) VIPERA BERUS (GERMAN VIPER)

THE MAIN MEDICINES OF OPHIDIA GROUP

8) CENCHRIS CONTORTRIX [COPPER HEAD SNAKE] 9)HYDROPHIS CYANOCINCTUS (SEA SNAKE)10) TOXICOPHIS ( MOCCASIAN SNAKE)11)CLOTHO ARICTANS12)OPHIOTOXINUM13)VIPERA TORVA14)VIPERA COMMUNIS(COMMON VIPER)15)VIPERA JEDI

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF OPHIDIA GROUP

Constitution:

Hemorrhagic constitution, skin shows purple or mottled appearance. They

are very much restless people. Face is sickly, pale, anxious, bloated, dark,

red or bluish.

Ailments from:

Fright, jealousy, alcoholism, onanism, loss of vital fluids, suppress

menses, physical trauma. Bad effects of poisons, long lasting grief,

disappointed love, vexation, summer and spring.

Miasm:

Syphilitic and Tubercular background.

Temperament:

Melancholic.(sad)

Diathesis:

Hemorrhagic.

Thermal relation:

All ophidians are hot patients (except Elaps and Naja which are chilly.).

Sphere of action:

Nerves especially pneumogastric and spinal accessory, cellular tissues,

skin, circulation, CVS, brain, liver, glands, throat and muscles etc.

CHARACTERISTIC MENTAL OF OPHIDIA GROUP

LOQUACIOUS

MIND – LOQUACITY Kent repertory- LACH3+ ,CROT.C2+ CROT.H1+

HYOS3+,STRAM3+

synthesis repertory

Crot-c. crot-h. Cupr.

DULC. HYOS. LACH..

RAN-B. STRA

MIND - DELIRIUM - loquacious

agar. aur. bapt. bar-c. Bell. bry. camph. CIMIC.

Crot-h. Cupr. gels. Hyos. LACH. LACHN. lyss.

naja oena. Op. par. petr. Phos. Plat. plb. Rhus-t.

STRAM. Verat.

-Kent repertory

MIND - Delirium, frenzy - loquacious

BELL. cupr. LACH. op. RHUS-T. STRAM.

Verat.

-BBCR

JEALOUSYKENT REPERTORY:LACH3+HYOS3+

Synthesis repertory-

MIND -

JEALOUSY

Cench. crot-c..

HYOS. LACH.

NUX-V.

MIND - JEALOUSY

anan. Apis calc-p. Calc-s. camph. Cench. coff.

gal-ac. HYOS. ign. LACH. Nux-v. op. ph-ac.

Puls. raph. staph. Stram.

-Kent Repertory

MIND - Jealousy, envy, etc.

anac. APIS camph. HYOS. Ign. Lach. lil-t.

Lyc. nux-v. Puls.

-BBCR

SUSPICIOUS

KENT REPERTORY-LACH3+CROT.H 2+Synthesis repertory-MIND - SUSPICIOUS

ACON. ANAC. ARS.BAR-C. BRY. CANN-

I. CAUST. CENCH.. CIC.. crot-c. Crot-h.

DIG. elaps. KALI-AR. LACH. LYC. PULS.

RHUS-T. SEC. STRAM.. SULPH.

MIND - SUSPICIOUSACON. ambr. Anac. anan. ang. ant-c. Arn. ARS. Aur. Bapt. BAR-C. Bar-m.

Bell. Borx. BRY. Cact. Calc-p. calc-s. CANN-I. canth. carbn-s. CAUST.

CENCH. cham. chin. chinin-ar. CIC. Cimic. coca Cocc. con. Crot-h. Cupr.

DIG. Dros. graph. Hell. Hyos. ip. KALI-AR. kali-br. Kali-p. LACH. LYC.

meli. meny. Merc. mez. mur-ac. Nat-act. Nat-c. nat-p. Nit-ac. Nux-v. Op.

Phos. Plb. PULS. RHUS-T. ruta sanic. sarr. SEC. sel. Sep. sil. Stann.

staph. STRAM. Sul-ac. sul-i. SULPH. thuj. Verat-v. viol-t.

MIND - Mistrust, suspicion, doubtACON. ambr. ANAC. Ant-c. apis ARS. Aur. BAR-C. BELL.

bry. calc. carb-v. CAUST. cham. CIC. Cimic. coca con. crot-h.

cupr. DIG. DROS. hell. HYOS. ign. kali-bi. Kali-br. LACH.

LYC. Meny. merc. nat-c. NIT-AC. nux-v. Op. Ph-ac. phos. Plb.

PULS. rhus-t. ruta sec. sel. stann. staph. stram. Sul-ac.

SULPH.

-Kent Repertory

-BBCR

FEAR OF DEATH AND DISEASE FEAR OF DEATH-

Kent repertory LACH2+CROT.C2+Synthesis repertory-Crot.c 1+,elaps 2+FEAR Of DISEASE-Kent repertoryLACH 1+Synthesis repertory Elaps 1+,laches 1+

MIND - FEAR - death,of

ACON. act-sp. Agn. all-s. aloe alum. am-c. anac. anan. ant-c.

ant-t. Apis Arg-n. ARS. asaf. aur. bapt. bar-c. Bell. Bry. bufo

Cact. calad. calc-s. CALC. camph. Cann-i. canth. caps. carbn-s.

Caust. chel. CIMIC. Cocc. Coff. con. cop. croc. Crot-c. Cupr. cur.

Cycl. Dig. ferr-ar. Ferr-p. ferr. Fl-ac. GELS. glon. graph. Hell.

Hep. hyos. ign. ip. iris kali-ar. Kali-c. Kali-i. Kali-n. kali-p. kali-s.

LAC-C. Lach. led. lob. Lyc. mag-s. med. Mosch. mygal. nat-m.

NIT-AC. nux-m. Nux-v. Op. ox-ac. petr. Ph-ac. PHOS. phyt.

PLAT. podo. Psor. Puls. raph. rheum Rhus-t. rob. Sec. sep.

Spong. squil. stram. sulph. tab. tarax. tarent. tril-p. verat-v. Verat.

vinc. zinc.

-KENT REPERTORY

MIND - Death - fear ofACON. Agn. alum. am-c. anac. APIS ARN. ARS.

asaf. AUR. bar-c. Bell. Bry. bufo Cact. calc. caps.

caust. chel. CIMIC. Cocc. COFF. con. Cupr. dig.

GELS. GRAPH. hell. Hep. iod. Ip. Kali-c. kali-i. kali-

n. Lach. Lyc. MOSCH. nat-m. NIT-AC. nux-m. NUX-

V. Op. petr. PHOS. PLAT. podo. Puls. rheum Rhus-t.

sec. spong. squil. stram. sulph. tab. verat-v. VERAT.

zinc.

-BBCR

MIND - FEAR - disease, - of impendingacon. aether agar. alum. am-c. Arg-n. ars. Borx. bry. bufo

calad. Calc. carb-ac. carb-an. cic. elaps eup-per. hep.

hydr. ign. iris KALI-C. kali-p. kreos. Lac-c. lach. Lec. Lil-t.

merc. nat-act. nat-c. nat-m. nat-p. Nit-ac. Nux-v. paull.

Ph-ac. PHOS. podo. Sep. sulph. tarent. thuj. tril-p.

-KENT REPERTORY

RELIGIOUS INSANITY

KENT REPERTORY-RELIGIOUS AFFECTION- LACH3+

INSANITYKENT REPERTORY---

CROT.C1+,CROT.H2+,LACH2+,NAJA1+

MIND - RELIGIOUS affectionsalum. am-c. Arg-n. Ars. Aur. bar-c. Bell. Calc.

camph. Carb-v. carbn-s.caust. Cham. Chel. cina

coff. con. croc. cycl. dig. ferr-ar. ferr. Graph. hura

HYOS. Ign. kali-br. Kali-p. LACH. LIL-T. Lyc.

Med. Meli. merc. Mez. nat-m. nux-v. Plat. Psor.

Puls. rhus-t. rob. ruta sabad. sel. Sep. sil. stann.

Stram.SULPH. thuj. VERAT. ZINC.

-KENT REPERTORY

MIND - Religious ideasalum. am-c. ARS. aur. Bell. carb-v. caust. cham. cina

coff. con. croc. cycl. dig. ferr. graph. HYOS. kali-br.

LACH. lil-t. Lyc. merc. nux-v. plat. PULS. ruta

sabad. sel. sil. STRAM. SULPH. VERAT. Zinc.

-BBCR

ANXIETY

KENT REPERTORY-CROT.C2+, CROT

H2+ LACH2+,NAJA1+

Synthesis repertory

MIND - ANXIETY

ACON. ARG-N. ARS-I. ARS-S-F.

ARS. AUR-S. AUR. BELL. BISM..

BOV.. BRYCACT. CALC-AR. CALC-

P. CALC-S. CALC.. CAMPH. CANN-I.

CARB-V.. CARBN-S. CAUST..

Cench.. CHIN. CON.. Crot-c. Crot-h.

DIG. elaps. IOD.. KALI-AR.. KALI-C..

KALI-P. KALI-S... Lach. LYC. MEZ.

NAT-AR. NAT-C.. NIT-AC.. PHOS.

PSOR.. PULS.. RHUS-T. SEC.

SULPH.. VERAT. vip

.

MIND - ANXIETYAbrot. Acet-ac. Acon-f. ACON. act-sp. Aeth. agar. agn. ail. All-c. aloe Alum.

alumn. Am-c. am-m. Ambr. Anac. ang. Ant-c. Ant-t. apis Arg-met. ARG-N.

Arn. Ars-h. ARS-I. ARS. asaf. Asar. aspar. aster. aur-s. AUR. Bar-c. Bar-m.

BELL. benz-ac. berb. BISM. Borx. Bov. BRY. bufo CACT. cadm-s. cain.

calad. CALC-P. CALC. CAMPH. CANN-I. cann-s. Canth. caps. Carb-an.

CARB-V. Carbn-o. CARBN-S. Carl. CAUST. Cench. Cham. Chel. CHIN.

Chinin-ar. Chinin-s. Chlol. Cic. cimic. Cimx. cina clem. Coc-c. Cocc. Coch.

Coff. colch. Coloc. CON. croc. Crot-c. Crot-h. crot-t. cub. cupr-ar. Cupr. cur.

cycl. DIG. Dros. dulc. elaps euon. eup-per. Euph. Ferr-ar. Ferr-i. ferr-p. Ferr.

Fl-ac. Gels. glon. Graph. grat. Hell. Hep. hura Hyos. Ign. indg. IOD. ip. Jatr-c.

KALI-AR. kali-br. KALI-C. kali-chl. Kali-i. Kali-n. KALI-P. KALI-S. kreos.

Lach. lact. lat-m. Laur. Led. Lil-t. LYC. lyss. Mag-c. Mag-m. Mag-s. manc.

mang. med. meny. Merc. MEZ. mill. mosch. Mur-ac. mygal. naja NAT-C.

Nat-m. Nat-p. nicc. NIT-AC. Nux-v. olnd. Op. ox-ac. paeon. Petr. Ph-ac. phel.

PHOS. plan. Plat. Plb. PSOR. PULS. pyrog. ran-b. ran-s. raph. rheum rhod.

RHUS-T. Ruta Sabad. Sabin. Samb. sang. sars. SEC. Seneg. Sep. Sil. Spig.

Spong. squil. Stann. Staph. Stram. stront-c. stry. sul-ac. SULPH. Sumb. Tab.

Tarent. Thuj. valer. VERAT. viol-o. viol-t. xan. Zinc.-KENT REPERTORY

MIND - Anxiety, agonyACON. aeth. aloe alum. am-m. ambr. Anac. ant-t. arg-met.

ARN. ARS. asaf. aur. bar-c. BELL. berb. bov. bry. calad.

Calc. CAMPH. Canth. caps. Carb-v. Caust. CHAM. Chin.

cic. cina COCC. Coff. COLOC. con. crot-t. Cupr. CYCL.

DIG. DROS. euph. ferr. GRAPH. grat. Hell. Hep. HYOS.

IGN. Iod. IP. kali-c. kali-i. kali-n. lach. Laur. led. LYC.

MAG-C. mag-m. meny. MERC. mosch. mur-ac. NAT-C.

nat-m. Nit-ac. NUX-V. olnd. Op. petr. phel. PHOS. Plat.

PLB. PULS. ran-s. rhod. RHUS-T. ruta sabad. SAMB.

sars. SEC. Seneg. sep. sil. spig. SPONG. squil. stann.

Staph. STRAM. stront-c. sul-ac. Sulph. tab. thuj. valer.

VERAT. viol-o. viol-t. zinc.-BBCR

IRRITABLE AND QUARRELSOME

MIND - QUARRELSOMEacon. agar. alum. am-c. ambr. Anac. anan. ant-t. Arn. Ars.

aster. AUR. bar-c. Bell. borx. Bov. Brom. Bry. calc-s. calc.

Camph. canth. caps. Caust. cent. Cham. chel. chin. Con.

cor-r. Croc. crot-h. Cupr. dig. Dulc. elaps ferr-ar. ferr. fl-ac.

hipp. Hyos. IGN. ip. kali-ar. Kali-c. kali-i. Lach. lepi. Lyc.

lyss. Merc. merl. mez. Mosch. nat-act. Nat-c. Nat-m. nat-s.

nicc. Nit-ac. NUX-V. olnd. pall. PETR. Ph-ac. Phos. Plat.

plb. Psor. Ran-b. rat. rheum ruta seneg. Sep. spong. stann.

Staph. Stram. stront-c. sul-ac. SULPH. TARENT. thea Thuj.

til. Verat-v. Verat. viol-t. zinc.

-KENT REPERTORY

MIND - Quarrelsome, contentious, strifeACON. aloe alum. am-c. ambr. Anac. ang. arn. ars. ASAF.

Aur. bar-c. Bell. BRY. CALC. camph. Caust. CHAM. chel.

Chin. coff. colch. croc. crot-h. dig. dulc. ferr. Hyos. IGN.

ip. kali-bi. kali-c. kali-chl. LACH. LYC. Merc. mez. Mosch.

NAT-M. Nit-ac. NUX-V. op. petr. Ph-ac. Phos. Plat. Ran-

b. rat. RHUS-T. Ruta seneg. Sep. Sil. spong. stann.

STAPH. Stram. SULPH. thuj. Verat-v. VERAT. Viol-o.

viol-t.-BBCR

HALLUCINATIONS, DELUSIONS, INSANITY & DELIRIUM

DELUSION AND HALLUCINATION

KENT REPERTORY -

CROT.H1+,ELAPS1+,LACH3+,VALE

R 2+

DELIRIUM

KENT REPERTORY-CROT.C1+

CROT.H1+,LACH3+,NAJA1+,VALER1

+

MIND - DELUSIONS,

imaginations,hallucinations,illusionsabsin. Acon. Aeth. agar. Ambr. anac. anan. ant-c. apis arg-met.

ARG-N. ars-i. Ars. Aur-m. Aur. Bapt. bar-c. BELL. bry. calc-

s. Calc. Camph. CANN-I. Cann-s. canth. carb-an. carb-v.

caust. cench. chin. chinin-ar. cic. cimic. cina COCC. Coff.

colch. con. croc. crot-h. dulc. elaps eup-pur. fl-ac. Glon.

gran. Hell. hura HYOS. IGN. iod. Kali-br. kali-p. lac-c. LACH.

led. Lyc. Lyss. mag-m. med. Merc. mur-ac. nat-p. Nit-ac.

nux-v. Op. PETR. PH-AC. Phos. Plat. plb. Psor. Puls. Rhus-

t. SABAD. samb. Sec. sep. Sil. spong. stann. Staph.

STRAM. SULPH. tarent. ther. thuj. Valer. verat. verb. viol-o.

Zinc.-KENT REPERTORY

MIND - Illusions, delusions, visions, etc.Acon. agar. ambr. ANAC. ant-c. ant-t. ARS. AUR. BAPT.

BELL. bism. Bry. Calc. canth. carb-an. carb-v. caust.

cham. chin. cic. cina coff. colch. coloc. con. croc. crot-h.

cupr. dig. dulc. graph. HELL. hep. HYOS. ign. iod. kali-c.

LAC-C. LACH. lyc. mag-m. Merc. mez. mosch. nat-c. nat-

m. nit-ac. nux-m. Nux-v. OP. Petr. ph-ac. phos. plat. plb.

Puls. rheum rhod. Rhus-t. Sabad. sec. sep. Sil. stann.

staph. STRAM. Sulph. THUJ. VERAT.

-BBCR

DESIRE SOLITUDEKENT REPERTORY

ELAPS1+,LACH2+

MIND - Solitude, love of

ACON. AMBR. AUR. BAR-C. Bell. calc-p. camph.

carb-an. chin. cic. clem. con. cupr. cycl. dig. ferr-p.

hep. IGN. kali-bi. kali-c. led. Lyc. meny. nat-c. Nat-

m. Nux-v. petr. PLAT. PULS. RHUS-T. stann.

BBCR

MIND - COMPANY, - aversion to

acon. Aloe alum. Ambr. ANAC. anan. ant-c. ant-t. atro. Aur-s.

Aur. BAR-C. bar-m. Bell. Bry. bufo bufo-s. Cact. Calc-p. calc-

s. calc. cann-i. CARB-AN. Carb-v. carbn-s. cedr. CHAM. Chin.

CIC. cimic. cinnb. clem. coca Coloc. Con. cop. Cupr. cur. Cycl.

dig. dios. elaps eug. ferr-i. ferr-p. Ferr. fl-ac. GELS. graph.

grat. ham. Hell. helon. Hep. Hipp. hydr. Hyos. IGN. Iod. jug-c.

kali-bi. kali-br. kali-c. kali-p. kali-s. Lac-d. Lach. Led. Lyc. mag-

m. mang. meny. Nat-c. NAT-M. nat-p. nicc. NUX-V. Oxyt. petr.

phos. pic-ac. Plat. psor. ptel. Puls. Rhus-t. sec. Sel. Sep.

Stann. sul-ac. Sulph. tarent. tep. Thuj. til. ust. verat.

-KENT

REPERTORY

MISANTHROPY

MISANTHROPY(hatredness to people)-KENT REPERTORY-

CROT.H1+,LACH1+

MIND - MISANTHROPYacon. all-c. Am-m. Ambr. Anac. ant-c. Aur. bar-c.

bell. Calc. cic. con. cop. crot-h. cupr. grat. guaj.

hydrc. Hyos. iod. kali-bi. lach. Led. Lyc. merc.

Nat-c. nat-m. nit-ac. Phos. plat. Puls. rhus-t.

Stann. sulph. tab.

KENT

REPERTORY

MIND - Misanthropy

acon. am-m. aur. calc. Cic. clem. LED. lyc.

nat-c. nat-m. Phos. stann. stram.

BBCR

MIND - HATRED

acon. Agar. aloe am-c. ANAC. Aur. Calc. cic. cupr.

kali-i. Lac-c. Lach. Led. mang. Nat-m. nit-ac. phos.

rhus-t. stann. sulph.

KENT

REPERTORY

MIND - Hatred and revengeAgar. aloe am-m. Anac. Aur. calc. cic. fl-ac. hep.

hydr. Lach. led. mang. mygal. NAT-M. NIT-AC. op.

phos. stann. SULPH.

BBCR

HYDROPHOBIA

SYNTHESIS REPERTORY

MIND - HYDROPHOBIA

acet-ac. acon. aconin. agar. agav-a. anag.

anan. ant-c. anthraci. apis arg-n. ars.

Aspar. BELL. brom. calc. camph. cann-i.

CANTH. cedr. ceto. chlol. chlor. cocc-s.

crot-h. Cupr. Cur. fagu. gels. gent-c. gua.

Hydr-ac. HYOS. hyper. iod. jatr-c. LACH.

laur. lys. LYSS. merc. nux-v. phel. PHOS.

plb. ran-s. ruta Sabad. scut. spirae.

STRAM. stry. strych-g. sulph. tanac. tann-

ac. tarent. ter. trach. verat. xan. xanth.

MIND - HYDROPHOBIA

acet-ac. arg-n. ars. Bell. calc. cann-i. Canth.

chlol. crot-h. cupr. Cur. Hyos. iod. Lach. LYSS.

merc. Phel. phos. ran-s. sabad. STRAM. ter.

verat.

KENT

REPERTORY

MIND - FEAR - water,of

acet-ac. Bell. cann-i. canth. cupr. gels. HYOS.

iod. Lach. LYSS. nux-v. Phos. plb. ruta sabad.

STRAM. tarent.

MIND - Hydrophobiaant-c. Bell. CANTH. HYDR-AC. HYOS. Lach. laur.

Lys. phos. STRAM. sulph. verat.

BBCR

ACTIVENESS

Synthesis repertory

MIND - ACTIVITY - desires

activity

IOD.. LACH.. OP.. VALER.

VERAT.

MIND - INDUSTRIOUS

agar. arn. ars. AUR. Bar-c. bell. bry. calc-p. calc. caps. cere-

b. chin. clem. cocc. dig. Hyos. Ign. indg. ip. kreos. Lach. led.

mag-c. mez. mosch. mur-ac. nat-c. nat-s. Op. phos. pip-m.

plb. rhus-t. Sep. stann. sul-ac. TARENT. verat.

KENT

REPERTORY

MIND - Active, busy, inclined to work,

thoughts, etc.acon. agar. Aloe ang. Apis arn. ars. aur. bar-c. bell.

Brom. bry. Calc. caps. chin. cimic. clem. Cocc.

COFF. Cycl. dig. euphr. fl-ac. Helo. Hyos. Ign. IOD.

ip. Kali-br. LACH. laur. lil-t. LYC. mag-c. mag-m.

mez. mosch. mur-ac. nat-c. nat-s. nux-v. OP.

PHOS. pic-ac. plb. puls. sars. Sep. STANN. staph.

stram. sul-ac. sulph. tarent. VALER. verat. viol-o.

zinc.

BBCR

GREEDYMIND - AVARICE

alum. ARS. bar-c. bry. calc-f.

calc. carb-an. carb-v. carc.

caust. cina coloc. con. cypra-

eg. Dulc. gink-b. graph. hep.

hyos. lach. Lyc. marb-w.

med. meli. MERC. nat-c. nat-

m. nit-ac. nux-v. petr. Ph-ac.

phos. plat. psor. PULS.

rheum Sep. SIL. stann.

staph. sulph.

COMPETITIVENESS

MIND - AMBITION -

increased -

competitive

apis aur. canth. crot-c.

crot-h. cupr. form. lach.

nux-v. vesp. vip.

CHARACTERSTIC SYMPTOMS OF OPHIDIA GROUP

I. PARALYSIS

Features of typical bulbar paralysis occur in Naja.

The paralysis of Ophidia group occur in right side as well as left side

Right side

(1) Crotalus horridus

(2) Crotalus cascavella right sided hemiplegia.It is complementary to

Lachesis as it completes the curative action.)

(3) Elaps corallinus

(4) Bothrops-hemiple gia with aphonia

Left Side

1.lachesis has left sided paralysis especially from

apoplexy.

There will be extensive paralysis

1. Naja: Bulbar paralysis, sphincter control will be

lost.

2.Vipera: Paraplegia of lower extremities,

II. Constriction of throat – larynx & sphincters

(i)Lachesis: Constriction of throat, larynx and abdomen, with intolerance to least

touch or pressure, especially on neck. There’ll be constriction in rectum. Anus will

feel tight. There will be dysphagia for liquids as in Bothrops.

(ii) Cenchris contortrix: There’ll be constriction as in Lachesis with the necessity for

having the clothes loose. There will be vivid dreams. Like Arsenic alb, there’ll be

dyspnoea; Mental and physical restlessness; Thirst for small quantities of water.

(iii) Elaps: There’ll be constriction of pharynx. Food and drinks are suddenly

arrested and “ fall heavily into stomach.”

(iv) Crotalu horridus: There’ll be spasms o The patient is not able to swallow

any solid substances. There’ll be an intolerance to clothing around stomach.

(v) Vipera: Tears his clothes open due to violent congestion in chest. There’ll

be “Cardiac anguish with violent, chest pains.”

(vi) Naja: Grasping throat with a sense of choking. There will be asthmatic

constriction in evening.

(vii) Bothrops- There will be constriction in throat with difficulty in

swallowing, especially towards liquids.

III. Haemorrhages of dark, non-coagulable decomposed black blood oozing from all

orifices of the body with ecchymosed.

(i) Lachesis-Oozing of dark, decomposed blood, purpura with intense prostration,

epistaxis, bleeding gums. There will be haemorrhages from bowels like charred

straw, black particles. There will be a general relief by menstrual flow.

(ii) Crotalus horridus- Dark non-coagulating blood; haemorrhagic diathesis;

retinal haemorrhages. Blood oozes from ears. There’ll be epistaxis where the blood

will be black and stringy: persistent haemorrhages; intestinal haemorrhage;

bloody urine; purpura haemorrhagica; bloody sweat.

(iii) Elaps- Epistaxis; Haemorrhages from lungs as black ink. Watery

haemorrhage with pain in the apex of right lung. There will be cough with

expectoration of black blood. Menstrual bleeding is black In typhoid fevers

when ulcers have eaten into tissues, there’ll be the discharge of black blood.

(iv) Bothrops- Haemorrhages from all orifices, leading to hemiplegia

aphasia and dysarthria; conjunctival and retinal haemorrage; bloody

stools.

(v) Vipera-Persistent epistaxis; affects especially the veins

IV. Inflammations and fevers of low destructive type

Eg: gangrene, cellulitis, malignant ulcerations, diphtherIa and typhoid etc.

(i) Lachesis- Septic states, diphtheria and other low forms of diseases with pro

found prostration. There’ll be boils, carbuncles and ulcers with bluish purple

surroundings; pyaemia, dissecting wounds,bedsore with black edges. bluish or

baickish swellings.

(ii) Crotalus horridus- Low septic states; carbuncles; malignant

scarlatina; yellow fever, plague, cholera etc. Boils, carbuncles and

eruptions are surrounded by purplish, mottled skin, and oedema;

lymphangitis; septicaemia.

(iii) Bothrops-Cold, swollen skin with haemorrhagic infiltrations;

gangrene; lymphatics swollen; Anthrax; m erysipelas.

(iv) Vipera- Lymphangioma, boils, carbuncles with burning

sensation, relieved by elevating parts Skin peels off in large

plaques

(v).Nerves, specially affected by snake poisons

(I) Vagus nerve

(ii) Spinal accessory nerve ,So, characteristically we get symptoms of

larynx, respiration and heart.

-Ophidia medicines cause choking constrictive sensation due to

pneumogastric nerve irritation.

-Weak heart, cold feet and trembling.

-All the medicines have dyspnoea and cardiac symptoms

VI. Yellow staining or colour of skin

Most marked in Cortalus horridus, less in Lachesis and Vipera communis

and Vipera torva

VII. Action on heart-Produce palpitation, dyspnoea and valvular lesions.

(i) Naja: Heart rhythm is regular, valvular lesions. There’s a well marked frontal

and temporal headache with the cardiac symptoms. Patient is always gasping for

breath.

(ii) Lachesis: Indicated in the of rheumatic heart diseases. Palpitation with fainting

spells especially during the clirnacteric period; Cyanosis.

(iii) Crotalus horridus: Palpitation,espe cially during menses. Heart’s actions

feeble.

(iv) Vipera-Cardiac dropsy

VIII. Appearance of face

Sickly, pale, anxious, bloated swollen, dark red or bluish, especially in

Lachesis, Bothrops, Vipera. The face is yellow in Lachesis and

Crotalus

IX . Alteration of spinal reflexes-

Dimness of vision, excitability of brain or spinal cord resulting in

mental restless ness and physical sensitiveness

Torpidity, numbness twitching and formication.

XI. Periodicity:

Vipera : Symptoms return anually for years

Toxicophis: Pain and fever return an nually, sometimes changing

location with disappearance of the first symptoms.

Lachesis: Complaints, especially the intermittent fever, returning in

every spring

XII. Swelling

(ii) Toxicophis: Oedematous swelling.

(iii) Naja: No haemorrhage; only oedema.

XIII Climacteric ailments:

(1) Lachesis: Haemorrhages, haemorrhoids; hot flushes, hot perspiration;

burning in vertex, headache at or after menopause.

(ii) Crotalus horridus: Intense flushings and drenching perspiration. Profound

anaemia. Prolonged metrorrhagia; dark offensive fluid; faintness and sinking at

stomach.

(iii) Vipera: Climacteric ailments.

XIV. Mental Symptoms:

(i) Fear of rain: Elaps, Naja

(ii) Dreams of dead persons: Elaps, Cro talus horridus, Crotalus cascavella

(iii) Dreams to be left alone: Elaps, Naja

XV. Action on liver –

Hepatomegaly and Jaundice

(i) Lachesis- Liver regions sensitive. Can’t tolerate clothing around

waist

(ii) Crotalus- Haemolytic jaundice; yellow conjunctiva and skin

(iii) Vipera: Violent pain. Enlarged liver with jaundice and fever

pains extend to shoulder and hip

XVI. Sleep aggravation

(i) Lachesis: As soon as the patient falls asleep, breathing stops

(iii) Naja: Suffocative spells after sleeping

XVII. Dysarthria:

(i) Bothrops: Hemiplegia with aphasia; in ability to articulate without any affect

tion to tongue.

(ii) Vipera: Speech is difficult

(iii) Naja: Blurred speech (bulbar paralysis)

OTHER SYMPTOMS Hemorrhagic diathesis.

Amelioration after discharges.

All ophidians are left sided (except crotalus and elaps.)

Pains: from left to right (except crotalus and elaps.)

Congestive pains.

Gangrene, decomposition of blood with death of tissue leading to gangrene.

Haematuria is very often seen.

Flushes of heat with congestion

Hypersensitiveness is marked feature of all ophidians especially to

slightest noise touch motion etc.

Craving for alcoholic drinks cold drinks .

Dryness of skin with inability to sweat.

Great debility and prostration leading to collapsed condition after

wards.

Feets are usually cold.

All members of ophidia have dyspnoea and heart symptoms.

Discharges are fetid.

GENERAL MODALITIES

AGGRAVATION

Morning, after sleep, noise, jar, suppression of discharges, summer, touch

and night.

AMELIORATION

When awake, cold, appearance of discharges.

REMEDY RELATIONS

ANTAGONIST:

Alcohol.

ANTIDOTE:

Radiation heat, ammonia and potassium permanganate.

FAMILY –OPHIDIACOMMON NAME-BUSH MASTER,SURUKUKUNATURAL ORDER-CROTALIDANATIVE OF SOUTH AMERICADOSEAGE-ALL POTENCIESPROVED BY –C.HERING

COBRA VENOM.

THE HOODED SNAKE OF HINDUSTAN.

PROVED BY RUSSELL & STOKES, WITH SOME FORTY

OTHER PROVERS INCLUDING GILLOW, POPE &

DRYSDALE.

PHARMACY-TINCTURE OF FRESH VENOM IS USED

CROTALUS HORRIDUSCOMMON NAME-TIMBER RATTLE SNAKENATIVE OF NORTH AMERICA.N.O-CROTALIDEPHARMACY-TRITURATION OF SUGAR OF MILK SATURATED WITH VENOM. SOLUTION OF VENOM IN GLYCERINEDOSE-ALL POTENCIESPROVED BY HERING

Brazilian snake

COMMON NAME-BRAZILLIAN SNAKENATURAL ORDER-CROTALIDENATIVE OF MIDDLE AND SOUTH AMERICAPHARMACY-TRITURATION OF VENOM WITH SACCHRUM LACTISDOSAGE –ALL POTENCIESProved By Mure

Copper head snake

COMMON NAME-COPPER HEAD SNAKENATURAL ORDER-CROTALIDENATIVE OF NORTH AMERICAPHARMACY-SOLUTION OF VENOMS

DOSAGE-ALL POTENCIS

Yellow viper

COMMON NAME-YELLOW VIPERNative Of Marnique IslandTINCTURE -IS PREPARED FROM POISON IN GLYCERINE,POTENCIES IN RECTIFIED SPIRIT.DOSAGE –ALL POTENCIES

COMMON NAME-BRAZILLIAN CORAL SNAKENATURAL ORDER –ELAPIDAEPOISON IS PRESSED FROM THE VENOM SAC OF LIVING SNAKE AND TRITURATED WITH SUGAR OF MILK DOSAGE-ALL POTENCIES

VIPERA BERUS

COMMON NMAE –SEA SNAKEFONUD IN PACIFIC ISLAND AUSTRALIA INDIA AND CHINATINCTURE –PREPARED FROM VENOMDOSAGE-TINCTURE AND ALL POTENCIES

TOXICOPHIS PUGNAX

REFRENCES

Clinical and comparative materia medica –by E.A farington.

Boericke –Homoeopathic materia medica

Allens key notes

A dictionary of practical material medica –Clark

J.d patil group study.

Kents repertory

BBCR

THANK YOU ALL