Microsoft Word - study guide long version.docBiology  I:  Unit  5  Genetics     Molecular  Genetics  and  Biotechnology  Review    
  1. What  is  a  nucleic  acid?  _____________________________________________________________________  
2. What  are  the  two  main  types  of  nucleic  acids?  Write  out  their  names  not  just  their  abbreviations.  
a. Abbreviation  _________  full  name________________________________________________  
b. Abbreviation  _________  full  name________________________________________________  
4. What  are  the  three  main  parts  of  a  nucleotide?  
a.  ________________________     b.  ________________________                c.  ________________________  
 
 
 
a. __________________________________________________________________________________  
b. __________________________________________________________________________________  
c. __________________________________________________________________________________  
8. In  DNA,  
What  nitrogen  base  does  A  bond  to  ___?  What  nitrogen  base  does  T  bond  to  ___?  
What  nitrogen  base  does  C  bond  to  ___?  What  nitrogen  base  does  G  bond  to  ___?  
In  RNA,  
What  nitrogen  base  does  A  bond  to  ___?  What  nitrogen  base  does  T  bond  to  ___?  
What  nitrogen  base  does  C  bond  to  ___?  What  nitrogen  base  does  G  bond  to  ___?  
   
A.  I  think  it  is  DNA  or  RNA   (circle  your  answer)   because:_______________   ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________  
B.  I  think  it  is  DNA  or  RNA   (circle  your  answer)   because:_______________   ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________  
                                               
________________________________________________________________________________________  
12. What  makes  up  the  sides  of  the  DNA  ladder?  ________________________  &  _________________________  
13. What  makes  up  the  steps  of  the  DNA  ladder?  ___________________________________________________  
14. Label  the  diagram  of  DNA  below  using  the  following  terms:   A.  Complementary  Base  Pair            B.  Deoxyribose  Sugar   C.  Phosphate  Group   D.  Nitrogen  Base     E.  Nucleotide  
15. What  is  a  chromosome?  ____________________________________________________________________  
16. What  is  a  gene?  ___________________________________________________________________________  
17. How  many  genes  can  there  be  on  each  chromosome?  ____________________________________________  
18. Explain  how  DNA  is  the  code  of  life  (genetic  code).  _______________________________________________  
19. What  are  sex  chromosomes?  ________________________________________________________________  
20. What  are  autosomes?  ______________________________________________________________________  
21.  Do  all  organisms  have  the  same  number  of  chromosomes?  ________________________________________  
22. Which  two  organisms  below  are  more  likely  to  have  similar  chromosomes?  ________  &  _______  
Wolf     Dog       Tree       Snail  
Why  do  you  think  this?  _____________________________________________________________________  
23. Explain  why  organisms  that  are  similar  in  structure  or  function  often  share  many  of  the  same  proteins  and  
genes.  __________________________________________________________________________________  
25. The  diagram  to  the  right  represents  the  process  of  ___________________________.  
A.  I  think  it  is  DNA  or  RNA   (circle  your  answer)   because:_______________   ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________  
B.  I  think  it  is  DNA  or  RNA   (circle  your  answer)   because:_______________   ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________  
12a.____ _  
12b.____ _  
12c.____ _  
12d.____ _  
12e.____ _  
27. Explain  the  role  of  enzymes  in  DNA  replication.  _________________________________________________  
________________________________________________________________________________________  
28. During  DNA  replication  each  original  strand  serves  as  a  template  for  the  new  strands.  If  one  of  the  original  
________________________________________________________________________________________  
30.  What  are  the  two  stages  of  protein  synthesis?  __________________________________________________  
 
 
 
 
 
32.  Explain  the  process  of  transcription.  __________________________________________________________  
33. If  a  gene  on  DNA  had  the  following  bases  T  G  T  T  A  A  C  G  C,  what  would  be  the  mRNA  bases  transcribed  from  
this  gene?  _______________________________________________________________________________  
34.  Explain  the  role  of  mRNA,  rRNA,  and  tRNA  in  protein  synthesis.  
a. mRNA:____________________________________________________________________________  
b. rRNA:_____________________________________________________________________________  
c. tRNA:_____________________________________________________________________________  
                                                 ___________            ___________                  _________  
 
 
 
 
38.  What  is  a  codon?  _________________________________________________________________________  
39. What  is  a  stop  codon?  _____________________________________________________________________  
40. What  is  an  anticodon?  _____________________________________________________________________  
41.  What  are  peptide  bonds?  __________________________________________________________________  
Where  does  this  process  take    
place?  _____________________  
place?  _____________________  
Amino  Acid   Anticodon   Codon       mRNA            Polypeptide  Chain   Ribosome   tRNA    
43.
44. Look  up  the  following  mRNA  codons  using  your  genetic  code  chart  (previous  handout)  and  determine  the  
amino  acids  it  codes  for:  AUG    GGC      UAC  ______________________________________________________  
45. What  is  a  gene  map?  _______________________________________________________________________  
46. What  is  a  genome?  ________________________________________________________________________  
47. What  is  genetic  engineering?  ________________________________________________________________  
48. What  is  gene  therapy?  _____________________________________________________________________  
49. What  is  cloning?  __________________________________________________________________________  
50. What  are  some  applications  of  genetic  engineering  on  plants?  
a.  ________________          b.        ________________   c.        ________________          d.        ______________    
52. Explain  how  inbreeding  is  used  in  selective  breeding.  _____________________________________________  
________________________________________________________________________________________  
________________________________________________________________________________________  
________________________________________________________________________________________  
56. What  is  a  mutant  cell?  _____________________________________________________________________  
57. Mutations  in  your  ______________  cells  can  be  passed  to  offspring  while  mutations  in  your  ____________  
cells  are  not  passed  to  offspring.  
58. Are  all  mutations  bad/harmful?  ______________________________________________________________  
59. What  are  mutagens?  _______________________________________________________________________  
________________________________________________________________________________________  
_______
_____________
_____________ _____________
_____________
_____ __
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