Biologoy 209 STUDY GUIDEfor LECTURE EXAM 3 Chapters 11, 3&12, 13 \

1. What is a pleomorphic prokaryote?A. a prokaryote that is unable to change its cell shape and sizeB. a prokaryote whose cell shape changes to match its surroundingsC. a prokaryote whose cell morphology varies in shape and sizeD. a prokaryote that has only one defined cell shape and size

2. The type of reproduction in prokaryotes that results in a palisade arrangement of cells is calledA. pleomorphic division.B. endospore formation.C. snapping division.D. binary fission.

3. What bacterial structure is responsible for separating the daughter DNA molecules after replication?

A) cross wallB) cytoplasmic membraneC) fimbriaD) spindleE) cytoskeleton

4. EndosporesA) are bacterial reproductive structures.B) can be produced when nutrients are scarce.C) are produced by bacteria, algae, and fungi.D) are resistant to everything except radiation.E) can last for only about 100 years.

5. Which of the following types of microbes might be found in the Dead Sea?A) hyperthermophilesB) phototrophic bacteriaC) methanogensD) actinomycetesE) halophiles

6. Heterocysts are associated withA) mycoplasmas.B) alphaproteobacteria.C) cyanobacteria.D) myxobacteria.E) chlamydias.

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7. Mycoplasmas are pleomorphic because theyA) have no cell walls.B) are low G + C Gram-positive bacteria.C) exhibit snapping division.D) have sterols in their cytoplasmic membranes.E) produce endospores.

8. The presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall characterizesA. Corynebacterium.B. Listeria.C. Nocardia.D. Mycobacterium

9. Which of the following bacterial genera produce(s) endospores?A) BacillusB) ClostridiumC) LactobacillusD) both Bacillus and LactobacillusE) both Bacillus and Clostridium

10. Which of the following bacterial genera includes species that protect areas of the body such as the intestinal tract and the vagina from invasion by pathogens?

A) StaphylococcusB) ListeriaC) LactobacillusD) MycobacteriumE) Corynebacterium

11. Which of the following bacterial genera is used for the degradation of environmental pollutants?

A) ActinomycesB) StreptomycesC) CorynebacteriumD) RhizobiumE) Nocardia

12. Members of which of the following genera are the most common sexually transmitted bacteria in the United States?

A) BacteroidesB) RickettsiaC) ChlamydiaD) HelicobacterE) Escherichia

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13. Unusual cellular extensions called prosthecae are associated with which of the followingA) BacteroidesB) RickettsiaC) CaulobacterD) HelicobacterE) Neisseria

14. A flexible, spiral-shaped bacterium is called aA) spirochete.B) vibrio.C) coccobacillus.D) bacillus.E) sarcina.

15. The anaerobic Clostridium species are difficult to sterilize largely because of their capacity for

A) endospore production.B) rapid reproduction.C) oxygen production.D) biofilm production.E) high salt tolerance.

16. The bacterium Bacillus cereus isA) a gram negative coccusB) a frequent contaminant of milk and meat.C) responsible for meningitis.D) the cause of gastric ulcers.E) an endospore former responsible for food poisoning from rice

17. Listeria is responsible forA) gastric ulcers.B) contaminated milk and meat.C) urinary tract infections.D) tuberculosis.E) "flesh-eating" bacterial infections.

18. One species of the genus Streptococcus is the leading cause ofA) tuberculosis.B) urinary tract infections.C) contaminated milk and meat.D) "flesh-eating" bacterial infections.E) food poisoning from rice.

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19. The genus Mycobacterium includes species responsible forA) tuberculosis.B) urinary tract infections.C) food poisoning from contaminated dairy products.D) gastric ulcers.E) food poisoning from rice.

20. The genus Helicobacter is responsible forA) food poisoning from contaminated meat.B) food poisoning from rice.C) gastric ulcers.D) tuberculosis.E) urinary tract infections.

21. Members of the genus Chlamydia areA) thermophiles.B) intracellular parasites.C) classified with the deeply branching bacteria.D) endospore-formers.E) Gram-positive bacteria.

22. Pseudomonas species are occasional causes ofA) food poisoning from contaminated meat.B) food poisoning from rice.C) food poisoning from dairy products.D) "flesh-eating" bacterial infection.E) urinary tract infections.

23. Which of the following is classified as a membranous organelle of eukaryotic cells?A) endoplasmic reticulumB) ribosomeC) cytoskeletonD) centrioleE) both ribosomes and centrioles

24. Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT?A) The rough ER is the site of lipid synthesis.B) The smooth ER has ribosomes associated with it.C) The ER is a lipid storage organelle.D) The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm.E) The smooth ER is a site of ATP synthesis.

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25. Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a eukaryotic cell?

A) lysosomeB) Golgi bodyC) mitochondrionD) smooth endoplasmic reticulumE) nucleus

26. The __________ is the entire interwoven mass of one multicellular fungal organism.A) hyphaeB) sporangiumC) myceliumD) pseudoplasmodiumE) conidiophore

27. Hyphae are associated with which of the following?A) yeastsB) algaeC) moldsD) protozoaE) helminths

28. Single-celled organisms called ciliates areA) fungi.B) protozoa.C) insects.D) algae.E) water molds.

29. Viruses are primarily classified according to theirA) type of nucleic acid.B) type of life cycle.C) number of chromosomes.D) shape.E) size.

30. Host specificity of a virus is due toA) particular genes that it shares with the infected cell.B) the presence of an envelope.C) differences in size between the virus and the host cell.D) the presence or absence of a cell wall on the host cell.E) interactions between viral and cellular surface molecules.

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31. Organisms known as diatoms are classified with theA) algae.B) fungi.C) protozoa.D) helminths.E) water molds

32. Which of the following infectious particles do NOT have protein in their structure?A) bacteriophagesB) prionsC) animal virusesD) viroidsE) both prions and viroids

33. Which of the following would NOT be found as a component of a bacteriophage?A) envelopeB) icosahedral capsidC) DNAD) tail fibersE) base plate

34. Put the following stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest stages:I. SynthesisII. AssemblyIII. AttachmentIV. ReleaseV. Entry

A) III, V, I, II, IVB) III, II, V, I, IVC) V, III, II, IV, ID) I, III, V, II, IVE) I, II, III, V, IV

35. The phenomenon of transduction is associated with which of the stages of a bacteriophage infection cycle?

A) attachmentB) assemblyC) releaseD) synthesisE) entry

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36. Reverse transcriptase is associated with which of the following?A) dsDNA virusesB) +ssRNA virusesC) -ssRNA virusesD) retrovirusesE) dsRNA viruses

37. The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly as mRNA?A) retrovirusesB) +ssRNA virusesC) -ssRNA virusesD) ssDNA virusesE) dsRNA viruses

38. Which of the following types of animal virus requires RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase to be replicated?

A) dsDNA virusesB) ssDNA virusesC) -ssRNA virusesD) retroviruses

39. In contrast to most dsDNA animal viruses, the poxviruses replicate solely in the cytoplasm of the host cell. This fact implies that the viral genome may encode

A) reverse transcriptase.B) a DNA polymerase.C) RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase.D) ribosome components.E) reverse transcriptase and RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase.

40. One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the genetic regulatory sequences of repressor proteins. Which of the following types of viruses is most likely to be involved in causing cancer by this mechanism?

A) +ssRNA virusesB) dsRNA virusesC) -ssRNA virusesD) ds DNA virusesE) +ssRNA and -ssRNA viruses

41. Tumors invade other organs and tissues in a process calledA) neoplasia.B) a plaque assay.C) latency.D) budding.E) metastasis.

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42. Viroids infectA) bacteria.B) plants.C) fungi.D) plants and animals.E) all organisms.

43. How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?A) They cannot reproduce outside a cell.B) They act as slow viruses.C) They cause neurological problems.D) They can be destroyed by incineration.E) They lack nucleic acid.

44. A lipid membrane is presentA) only in viruses.B) in both cells and some animal viruses.C) only in cells.D) only in prions.E) in both prions and viroids.

45. Double-stranded DNA genomes are foundA) only in viroids.B) only in cells.C) only in some viruses.D) in both cells and some viruses.E) in both viruses and viroids.

46. Double-stranded RNA genomes can be foundA) only in cells.B) in both cells and some viruses.C) only in some viruses.D) in prions.E) in both prions and some viruses.

47. Cytoplasm is a characteristic ofA) cells only.B) viruses only.C) both cells and some viruses.D) viroids only.E) both viroids and some viruses.

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48. Proteins are present inA) cells only.B) viruses only.C) viroids only.D) both cells and viruses.E) cells, viruses, and viroids.

49. __is a mechanism of release for enveloped viruses.A) Lytic replicationB) Persistent infectionC) OncogenesisD) LatencyE) Budding

50. An enveloped virus consists ofA. only a protein capsid and lipid bilayer.B. RNA or DNA, spikes, capsid and envelope.C. only double stranded DNA.D. infectious protein

Word list for fill in the blanks: capsomeres, membrane-bound, fixation, actinomycetes, tetrads, uncoating, nucleocapsid nucleoplasm, naked, conidiospores, centrioles, contractile, saprobes, vectors, Mycobacterium,icosohedron, galls PrP, tubulin, protooncogenes,chitin, lysozyme, positive, plaque, Streptococcus,

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