Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineeringand Biomaterials

Volume 9

Series EditorAmit Gefen, Ramat Aviv, Israel

Further volumes of this series can be found on our homepage:http://www.springer.com/series/8415

Amit GefenEditor

Patient-Specific Modelingin Tomorrow’s Medicine

123

Amit GefenDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

ISSN 1868-2006 e-ISSN 1868-2014ISBN 978-3-642-24617-3 e-ISBN 978-3-642-24618-0DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-24618-0Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2011943311

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Preface

Patient-specific modeling (PSM) is an emerging field in biomedical engineering.PSM is aimed at implementing the powerful modeling tools and techniquesdeveloped over the years by biomedical engineers and medical physicists for thebenefit of patients. This is typically done by first creating a three-dimensionalcomputational reconstruction of the anatomy of the tissues or a mathematicalmodel of the organ of interest in the individual patient, based on imaging scans orother individualized parameters, and then by using the model for calculations thatprovide a diagnosis, prognosis or prediction of treatment outcomes. Hence, aparticularly challenging aspect of PSM is that it requires integration of expertisefrom various technological and bioengineering subdisciplines, such as biosolid andbiofluid mechanics, biomass transport, medical imaging, constitutive tissue mod-eling, numerical simulations and computer visualization to solve actual medicalproblems.

The PSM approach is currently being put into practice to assist in managing awide range of different medical conditions, such as in orthopaedics, cardiology,neurology, oncology and ophthalmology. Critical issues in making PSM standardand routine are the ease of use and interpretation of data by medical staff, as wellas successful validation of the predicted outcome measures, which are all signif-icant barriers for PSM technologies to become clinically acceptable. Substantialresearch efforts are underway worldwide to resolve these issues, and it does appearthat PSM technologies will eventually become an integral part of modern medi-cine, as PSM can be naturally combined with common imaging examinations suchas MRI, CT or ultrasound scans. This book reviews the frontier of research andclinical applications of PSM, and provides a comprehensive and rigorous update aswell as perspectives on future directions in this exciting field.

The frontier in PSM research is presented in this volume through contributionsof internationally leading groups in this field, from the US, Australia, New Zealand,Israel and five different European countries. The book is useful for medical phys-icists, computer scientists, biomedical engineers and other engineers who areinterested in the science and technology aspects of PSM, as well as for medicalspecialists such as radiologists, orthopaedists, cardiologists and others who wish to

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be updated about the state of implementation. Academics, medical doctors andstudents alike can use this book to learn about the state-of-the-art and currentachievements in PSM as well as on the challenges that will need to be addressed inthe near future to ensure that the great promises that PSM brings are indeed put intoclinical practice.

Amit Gefen

vi Preface

Contents

Part I Bones

Reliable Patient-Specific Simulations of the Femur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Zohar Yosibash and Nir Trabelsi

Patient-Specific Diagnosis and Visualizationof Bone Micro-Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27L. Podshivalov, A. Fischer and P. Z. Bar-Yoseph

Patient Specific Modeling of Musculoskeletal Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . 53Eran Peleg

Part II Spine

Advancements in Spine FE Mesh Development:Toward Patient-Specific Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Nicole A. Kallemeyn, Kiran H. Shivanna, Nicole A. DeVries,Swathi Kode, Anup A. Gandhi, Douglas C. Fredericks,Joseph D. Smucker and Nicole M. Grosland

Patient-Specific Modeling of Scoliosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103J. Paige Little and Clayton J. Adam

Subject-Specific Models of the Spine for the Analysisof Vertebroplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Alison C. Jones, Vithanage N. Wijayathunga, Sarrawat Rehmanand Ruth K. Wilcox

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Part III Heart and Circulation

Morphological and Functional Modeling of theHeart Valves and Chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Razvan Ioan Ionasec, Dime Vitanovski and Dorin Comaniciu

Patient-Specific Analysis of Blood Flow and Mass Transportin Small and Large Arteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189X. Y. Xu, N. Sun, D. Liu and N. B. Wood

Patient-Specific Modeling of Leg Compression in the Treatmentof Venous Deficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Stéphane Avril, Pierre Badel, Laura Dubuis, Pierre-Yves Rohan,Johan Debayle, Serge Couzan and Jean-François Pouget

Part IV Airways

Scan-Based Flow Modelling in Human Upper Airways . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Perumal Nithiarasu, Igor Sazonov and Si Yong Yeo

A Decission Support System for Endoprosthetic Patient-SpecificSurgery of the Human Trachea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281Olfa Trabelsi, Angel Ginel, Jose L. López-Villalobos,Miguel A González-Ballester, Amaya Pérez-del Palomarand Manuel Doblaré

Part V Brain

Image-Based Computational Fluid Dynamics for Patient-SpecificTherapy Design and Personalized Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Andreas A. Linninger

Patient-Specific Modeling and Simulation of DeepBrain Stimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357Karin Wårdell, Elin Diczfalusy and Mattias Åström

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Part VI Patients-Specific Modeling in Diagnostics, SurgicalPlanning and Rehabilitation

Patient-Specific Modeling of Breast Biomechanics with Applicationsto Breast Cancer Detection and Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379Thiranja P. Babarenda Gamage, Vijayaraghavan Rajagopal,Poul M. F. Nielsen and Martyn P. Nash

Soft-Tissue Simulation for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery:Clinical Needs and Technical Aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413Hyungmin Kim, Philipp Jürgens and Mauricio Reyes

Patient-Specific Modeling of Subjects with a LowerLimb Amputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441Sigal Portnoy and Amit Gefen

Patient-Specific Modeling of the Cornea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461Roy Asher, Amit Gefen and David Varssano

Part VII Systems Biology Approaches in Patients-Specific Modeling

Computational Modeling of Gene Translation and its PotentialApplications in Individualized Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487Tamir Tuller and Hadas Zur

Neural Network Modeling Approaches for Patient SpecificGlycemic Forecasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505Scott M. Pappada and Brent D. Cameron

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

Contents ix