student slides chapter 6
TRANSCRIPT
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 6
Process Selection and Facility Layout
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Chapter 6: Learning Objectives
You should be able to: ± Understand the strategic importance of process selection ± Explain the effects of process selection on the organization ± Describe the basic processing types ± Discuss process automation ± Explain the need for management of technology ± List some reasons for redesign of layouts ± Describe the basic layout types
± List the advantages and disadvantages of product and processlayout ± Solve simple line-balancing problems ± Develop simple process layouts
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Process Selection
Process selection ± Refers to the deciding on the way production of goods
or services will be organized
± It has major implications for Capacity planningLayout of facilitiesEquipment
Design of work systems
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T echnology
Technology ± T he application of scientific discoveries to the
development and improvement of products and
services and operations processesTechnological Innovation ± T he discovery and development of new or improved
products, services, or processes for producing or
providing them
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T echnology Acquisition
T echnology acquisition decisions must beweighed carefully ± What are the upside and downsides of the
technology? ± What can and can¶t a technology do? ± Economic considerations ± Integration considerations
± Human considerations
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Process Selection
1. Variety ± How much?
2. Equipment flexibility ± T o what degree?
3. Volume ± Expected output?
Job Shop
Repetitive
Batch
Continuos
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Automation
Automation ± Machinery that has sensing and control devices that
enable it to operate automatically
Fixed automationProgrammable automationFlexible automation
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Automation Questions
1. What level of automation is appropriate?2. How would automation affect system flexibility?3. How can automation projects be justified?
4. How should changes be managed?5. What are the risks of automating?6. What are the likely effects of automating on:
± Market share
± Costs ± Quality ± Customer satisfaction ± Labor relations ± Ongoing operations
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Automation T echnologies
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) ± T he use of computers in process control, ranging from robots to
automated quality control
Numerically Controlled (N/C) Machines ± Machines that perform operations by following mathematical
processing instructions
Robot ± A machine consisting of a mechanical arm, a power supply, and
a controller
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Facilities Layout
Layout ± the configuration of departments, work centers, and
equipment, with particular emphasis on movement of
work (customers or materials) through the system ± Facilities layout decisions arise when:
Designing new facilitiesRe-designing existing facilities
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Basic Layout T ypes
Product layouts
Process layouts
Fixed-Position layoutCombination layouts
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FMS and CIM
FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System)
± A group of machines designed to handle intermittent processingrequirements and produce a variety of similar products
CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) ± A system for linking a broad range of manufacturing activities
through an integrated computer system
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Designing Product Layouts: Line Balancing
T he goal of a product layout is to arrange workers or machines inthe sequence that operations need to be performed
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Line Balancing
Line balancing ± T he process of assigning tasks to workstations in
such a way that the workstations have approximately
equal time requirements ± Why is line balancing important?
1. It allows us to use labor and equipment more efficiently.2. T o avoid fairness issues that arise when one workstation
must work harder than another.
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Designing Process Layouts
T he main issue in designing process layoutsconcerns the relative placement of thedepartments
Measuring effectiveness ± A major objective in designing process layouts is to
minimize transportation cost, distance, or time