student-annotated slides
TRANSCRIPT
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What is Fascism?
A militant (willing to fight) political movement Strong emphasis on loyalty to one leader Strong emphasis on loyalty to the country-
(Extreme nationalism) (The state and the leader are more important than the individual)
Appeals to people's emotions, especially fearUses propaganda effectively
SA- The Nazi military
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How are fascists different from communists?
Fascism Communism
Both:
No democracyThe individual is less important than the stateCivil liberties restricted
Goal: dictatorship of
the proletariat
Goal: an internationalmovement
Goal: classless society
Believed in the class system:
played the classes againsteach other.
Extreme nationalism
Dictatorship of one
strong leader
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Italy
Spain
Germany
And other Eastern European countries
Fascist Leaders after WWI
Francisco Franco"Generlisimo
Adolf Hitler"der Fuhrer"
Benito Mussolini"II Duce"
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How did Adolf Hitler Get into Power?
Joined Nazi Party in 1919 (what does that stand for?)
Quickly rose up the ranks Outlined his beliefs in Mein Kampf
- Racism
- Anti-semitism
- Lebensraum
After WWI, before the Great DepressionNational Socialist German Worker's
Party
- Living space
Significance: if anybody had bothered to read the book,
people would have realized he was a bad person. Aryans- Nomadic tribes who came to India from steppes
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January, 1933:
March 1933:The Reichstag passed the Enabling Act:
August, 1934:
Hitler Gained Power
Hindenburg died; Hitler named himself head of the state.
Hitler named Chancellor of Germany by aging German was hero and president, Paul von Hindenburg. (Hegot into power legally, unfortunately.)
The Reichstag is Germany's parliament. The Enabling Act allowed the Chancellor and his cabinet to pass laws without the participation
of the Reichstag.It would be like the Executive and Legislative were to be combined. We have the Executive and Legislative as a balancing act.
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A great orator
Huge parades & marches Showed his support
What techniques did Hitler use to turn
Germany into a totalitarian state?:
Almost hypnotic, listening to the same
thing over and over.
Long passionate speechesMany held at night with huge bonfires because it is so much more intimate at night. Emotions are heightened at night. Stare into
the fire, hypnotic. Blamed others for Germany's problems
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Used violence to eliminated opposition:
- SA:
- SS:
- GESTAPO:
Storm troopers- military arm of the
Nazi party. Loyal to the Nazi.
Hitler's own elite personal security/
body guards. Loyal to Hitler.
Task force. Carry out Hitler's
orders. Secret police.
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Extremely effective use of
propaganda
PostersLiteratureMusicNewspapersRadioOlympics Film
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The Hitler Youth
Used to indoctrinate German children/ teenagers into the Nazi PartyHad to join
Pro Nazi curriculum in schoolTeachers: swore allegiance
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Nazi Anti-Semitism
November 9, 1938Kristallnacht
Key part of Nazi ideologyBecame an approved governmental policyThe policy worsened over time1933: Laws passed restricting rights of Jews
Nazi mobs attacked and destroyed (with the
approval of the government) Jewish building,
shops, and homes.
Significance: Marks the turning of nazi
Semitism. After Kristallnacht, it became worseand worse.