stuart s. sumida biology 342 phylogeny of basal amniota
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Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 Phylogeny of Basal Amniota. What we used to think. Mammals Birds. “Mammal-like Reptiles”. PRIMITIVE REPTILES. Amphibians. Um.........NO. Mammals Birds. “Mammal-like Reptiles”. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Stuart S. SumidaBiology 342
Phylogeny of Basal Amniota
What we used to think...
Amphibians
PRIMITIVEREPTILES
“Mammal-like Reptiles”
Mammals Birds
Um.........NO.
Amphibians
PRIMITIVEREPTILES
“Mammal-like Reptiles”
Mammals Birds
Panderichthyid Most ReptiliaSarcoptrygians Amphibians Diadectomorpha Synapsida (including Aves)
Panderichthyid Most Synapsida ReptiliaSarcoptrygians Amphibians Diadectomorpha (Mammals) (including Aves)
AMNIOTA (FOR SURE)
Panderichthyid Most Synapsida ReptiliaSarcoptrygians Amphibians Diadectomorpha (Mammals) (including Aves)
AMNIOTA (FOR SURE)
Amniota?
Panderichthyid Most Synapsida ReptiliaSarcoptrygians Amphibians Diadectomorpha (Mammals) (including Aves)
AMNIOTA (FOR SURE)
Amniota?
TETRAPODA
Panderichthyid Most Synapsida ReptiliaSarcoptrygians Amphibians Diadectomorpha (Mammals) (including Aves)
AMNIOTA (FOR SURE)
Amniota?
Other Sarcopterygians
Panderichthyids
Ichthyostegalia
Dissorophoids
Lissamphibia
Anthracosauria
Seymouriamorpha
Diadectomorpha
Amniota
Sarcopterygii
Tetrapoda
The road to reptiles
Advanced Seymouriamorpha Amphibian:Seymouria sanjuanensis – from the Early Permian of Europe and the U.S.
Amniotes: have four embryonic structures that reside outside the embryo to help it survive:
•Amnion•Yolk sac•Chorion•Allantois
Other Sarcopterygians
Panderichthyids
Ichthyostegalia
Dissorophoids
Lissamphibia
Anthracosauria
Seymouriamorpha
Diadectomorpha
Amniota
Sarcopterygii
Tetrapoda
The road to reptiles
Diadectomorpha:•No intertemporal bone like other amniotes•Very terrestrially adapted
Orobates pabsti, a new genus of diadectomorph– found in both North America and central Germany
10 cm
Orobates pabsti, a new genus of diadectomorph– found in both North America and central Germany
1 cm
Orobates pabsti, a new genus of diadectomorph– found in both North America and central Germany
Diadectes – this genus found in Utah, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and central Germany
“Amphibia” Amniota
Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Synapsida Parareptilia Captorhinidae Diapsida Archosauromorpha
Amniota
Reptilia
Amniotes: have four embryonic structures that reside outside the embryo to help it survive:
•Amnion•Yolk sac•Chorion•Allantois
Remember, we’re studying AMNIOTES.
Defined by:
EMBRYOLOGICAL FEATURES: amnion, chorion, allantois, yolk sac.
ANATOMICAL FEATURES: lack of an intertemporal bone.
ALSO, FUNCTIONAL FEATURES: • Costal breathing (inhaling using movement of the ribs).• Active exhalation using movement of ribs to push air out.
“Amphibia” Amniota
Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Synapsida Parareptilia Captorhinidae Diapsida Archosauromorpha
Amniota
Reptilia
Basal Synapsida (“Pelycosauria”): A single opening on side of skull
“Amphibia” Amniota
Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Synapsida Parareptilia Captorhinidae Diapsida Archosauromorpha
Amniota
Reptilia
PARAREPTILIA Includes:
•Mesosauria•Bolosauridae•Procolophonia•Paraiesauria
Mesosaurus: A member of Mesosauria
Eudibamus cursoris (a bolosaur)The earliest known bipedal vertebrateFrom the Early Permian (~280 million years old) of central Germany.
Bradysaurus: A member of the Parieasauria
Parieasaurs have lumpy, bumpy skulls
Scutosaurus
“Amphibia” Amniota
Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Synapsida Parareptilia Captorhinidae Diapsida Archosauromorpha
Amniota
Reptilia
Basal Captorhinid: Eocaptorhinus
1 cm
New taxon: (Albright, in prep) New, miniature, captorhinid with three rows of dentary and maxillary teeth.
1 cm
New taxon
Size Range in Captorhinid Reptiles
(All specimens collected by Everett C. Olson.)
1 cm
“Amphibia” Amniota
Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Synapsida Parareptilia Captorhinidae Diapsida Archosauromorpha
Amniota
Reptilia
Basal Diapsid: Petrolacosaurus
Note: TWO holes (fenestrae) on side of skull
Known back to Late Pennsylvanian
Diapsida includes:•Many extinct forms•Squamata•Archosauromorpha
Squamata includes living lizards and snakes.