structure of the advp
TRANSCRIPT
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LING 100 McGarrity 1
Today
Structure of the ADVP
Degree Words
Evidence for ADVP
Syntax of Adverb Phrases
Positions
Reading: pp. 182-185
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LING 100 McGarrity 2
Syntax of the Adverb Phrase
Like ADJ, Adverbs can be introduced byDegree words
Comparison: more/most, less/least
Intensity: too, very, so, quite
Franz walks more quickly than Hans.
Sora ate her lunch too fast.Nika speaks so quietly.
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LING 100 McGarrity 3
Syntax of the Adverb Phrase
Can ADV introduce other ADV?
Franz walks amazingly quickly.
Sora ate her lunch incredibly fast.Nika speaks extremely quietly.
No, these are also Degree words.Heres why
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LING 100 McGarrity 4
Syntax of the Adverb Phrase
The meaning of an -ly word shifts from
Mannerto Degree when it introduces ADV
She sings terribly (= in a terrible manner)ADV.
She sings terriblywell (= very)
DEG
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LING 100 McGarrity 5
Syntax of the Adverb Phrase
Also, manner adverbs cannot introduce
other manner adverbs
*She sings carefully terribly.
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LING 100 McGarrity 6
Structure of the ADVP
Phrase structure rule:ADVP (DEG)ADV
ADVP ADVP
DEG ADV ADV
very quietly well
extremely softly
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LING 100 McGarrity 7
Structure of the ADVP
She sings very quietly.
S
NP VP
N V ADVP
she sings DEG ADV
very quietly
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LING 100 McGarrity 8
Syntax of the Adverb Phrase
Evidence that a DEGREEword goes
with anAdverb to form a phrase:
WH-Movement
Pronominalization
Coordination
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LING 100 McGarrity 9
Syntax of the Adverb Phrase
WH-movement
Charlie drives very carefully.
Charlie drives howcarefully?Howcarefully does Charlie drive___?
*How does Charlie drive ___carefully ?
= how carefullyis a constituent = ADVP
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LING 100 McGarrity 10
Syntax of the Adverb Phrase
Pronominalization
Wh-proforms can also pronominalize for
entire ADVP in a way that it often cant forAP:
Ricky drives [ADVP
very fast].
How does Ricky drive __? (very fast)
Charlotte is [APreally nice].
*What is Charlotte? ( really nice)
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LING 100 McGarrity 11
Syntax of the Adverb Phrase
Coordination
The soprano sang softly.
The soprano sang very beautifully.The soprano sang softly and very beautifully.
= [softly] and [very beautifully] are both ADVPs
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LING 100 McGarrity 12
Syntax of the Adverb Phrase
softly and very beautifully
ADVP
ADVP conj ADVP
ADV and DEG ADV
softly very beautifully
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LING 100 McGarrity 13
Syntax of the Adverb Phrase
The soprano sang [ADVP
very [softly and beautifully]].
S
NP VP
DET N V ADVP
the soprano sang DEG ADV
very ADV conjADV
softly and beautifully
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LING 100 McGarrity 14
Positions of the ADVP
There are five positions in the sentence
where ADVPs can occur
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LING 100 McGarrity 15
Positions of the ADVP
#1: Sentence-initially
Probably,we wont eat the spinach.Unfortunately, we ate the spinach.
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LING 100 McGarrity 16
Positions of the ADVP
#2: Before the first AUX
We most likely will not eat the spinach.We certainlyare eating the spinach.
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LING 100 McGarrity 17
Positions of the ADVP
#3:After the first AUX
We willseldom eat spinach.I amnevereating spinach again.
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LING 100 McGarrity 18
Positions of the ADVP
#4: Before the main verb
We might have begrudginglyeaten spinach.Popeye willingly eats spinach.
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LING 100 McGarrity 19
Positions of the ADVP
#5: Sentence-finally
He ate the spinach quickly.We ate the spinach, unfortunately.
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LING 100 McGarrity 20
Positions of the ADVP
S
NP VP
VP
DET N AUX V V NP#1 #2 #3 #4 #5
S (ADVP) NP (ADVP) (AUX) (ADVP) VP (ADVP) ??
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LING 100 McGarrity 21
Positions of the ADVP
Not all classes of adverbs can occur in all five
positions
The boy has been petting the dog.
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LING 100 McGarrity 22
Positions of the ADVP
With a manner ADV
The boy has been petting the dog.
*Gently the boy has been petting the dog.
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LING 100 McGarrity 23
Positions of the ADVP
With a manner ADV
The boy has been petting the dog.
*Gently the boy has been petting the dog.
*The boy gently has been petting the dog.
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LING 100 McGarrity 24
Positions of the ADVP
With a manner ADV
The boy has been petting the dog.
*Gently the boy has been petting the dog.
*The boy gently has been petting the dog.
The boy has gently been petting the dog.
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LING 100 McGarrity 25
Positions of the ADVP
With a manner ADV
The boy has been petting the dog.
*Gently the boy has been petting the dog.
*The boy gently has been petting the dog.
The boy has gently been petting the dog.
The boy has been gently petting the dog.
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LING 100 McGarrity 26
Positions of the ADVP
With a manner ADV
The boy has been petting the dog.
*Gently the boy has been petting the dog.
*The boy gently has been petting the dog.
The boy has gently been petting the dog.
The boy has been gently petting the dog.
The boy has been petting the dog gently.
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LING 100 McGarrity 27
Positions of the ADVP
With a manner ADV
The boy has been petting the dog.
Conclusion:
Manner ADV go best in positions 3, 4, 5 but
not in positions 1, 2
WHY?
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LING 100 McGarrity 28
Positions of the ADVP
S
NP VP
VP
DET N AUX V V NP
Manner ADV modify V; must branch from VP
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LING 100 McGarrity 29
Positions of the ADVP
S
NP VP
VP
DET N AUX V V NP
Why cant they go before first AUX?
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LING 100 McGarrity 30
Positions of the ADVP
S
NP VP
VP
DET N AUX V V NP
Why cant they go before first AUX?
Because branches cannot cross
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LING 100 McGarrity 31
Positions of the ADVP
S
NP VP
VP
DET N AUX V V NP
ADV in positions 1,2 branch from S
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LING 100 McGarrity 32
Positions of the ADVP
ADV that branch from S
The boy has been petting the dog.
Unfortunately, the boy(attitude)
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LING 100 McGarrity 33
Positions of the ADVP
ADV that branch from S
The boy has been petting the dog.
Unfortunately, the boy(attitude)
The boy unfortunately has been petting the
dog.
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LING 100 McGarrity 34
Positions of the ADVP
S
NP AUX VP
the boy has V VP
been V NP
petting the dog
1 2
3
5Attitude ADV are
sentential ADV,modifying S
But cant they
appear in other
positions, too?
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LING 100 McGarrity 35
Positions of the ADVP
S
NP AUX VP
the boy has V VP
been V NP
petting the dog
1 2
3
5
ADV of diff. types may
have the same linearpositions, but they will
have diff. structures
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LING 100 McGarrity 36
Positions of the ADVP
ADV that branch from S
The boy has been petting the dog.
Unfortunately, the boy(attitude)
The boy unfortunately has been petting the dog.
The boy has unfortunately been petting the dog.
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LING 100 McGarrity 37
Positions of the ADVP
ADV that branch from S
The boy has been petting the dog.
Unfortunately, the boy(attitude)
The boy unfortunately has been petting the dog.
The boy has unfortunately been petting the dog.
The boy has been petting the dog,
unfortunately.
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Inaugural adverb flub
Roberts: I will __ execute the office of the Pres. of
the U.S. faithfully
Obama: I will execute (pause)
Roberts: faithfully
Obama: I will execute the
office of the POTUS
faithfully
(From the US constitution: I will faithfully
execute the office of the Pres. of the U.S. )
LING 100 McGarrity 38
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Inaugural adverb flub
I will (faithfully)1execute the office of POTUS (2)
S
NP AUX VP
N will (1) V NP (2)
I execute the office
of the POTUS
LING 100 McGarrity 39
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Positions of the ADVP
The waiter carried the coffee carefully.
LING 100 McGarrity 40
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Positions of the ADVP
The waiter carried the coffee carefully.
S
NP VP
DET N V NP ADVP
the waiter carried the coffee ADV
carefully
LING 100 McGarrity 41
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LING 100 McGarrity 42
Positions of the ADVP
S
NP AUX VP
the boy has V VP
been V NP
petting the dog
3
4
5
3 = the boy has unfortunately been4 = *has been unfortunately petting
5 = been petting the dog, unfortunately
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Positions of the ADVP
ADV that branch from S
The boy has been petting the dog.
Unfortunately, the boy(attitude)
The boy unfortunately has been petting the dog.
The boy has unfortunately been petting the dog.
*The boy has been unfortunatelypetting the dog.