structure and function
DESCRIPTION
Ecosystem and its structure and functions.TRANSCRIPT
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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONOF AN
ECOSYSTEM
BY
ABHISHEK GARG
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ECOSYSTEM•An ecosystem is a community of
living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system
• Ecosystem consists of two Words :
Ecosystem
EcoEnvironme
nt
System Interaction
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• According to E.P.Odum, an American ecologist, the ecosystem is the basic functional unit of organism and their environment interacting with each other and with their own components.
• e.g. Grassland, Forest, Aquarium, Pond, Lake, River and Ocean.
Ecosystem - Definition
Grassland Ecosystem
Forest Ecosystem Ocean Ecosystem
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Structure of Ecosystem
Ecosystem
Abioticnon-living
Eg. soil, water, light,
inorganic nutrients
and weather
Bioticliving
Eg. producers
and consumers
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BIOTIC LIVINGBiotic Resources are based on living organisms. These are obtained from the biosphere. E.g Consumers,Producers and Decomposers.
Consumers: Producers are any kind of green plant. Green plants make their food by taking sunlight and using the energy to make sugar.
Producers :Consumers have to feed on producers or other consumers to survive. Deer are herbivores, which means that they only eat plants (Producers). Bears are another example of consumers.
Decomposers: Decomposers are the garbage men of the animal kingdom; they take all the dead animals and plants (consumers and decomposers) and break them down into their nutrient components so that plants can use them to make more food.
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ABIOTIC COMPONENT• In Biology and Ecology abiotic components or abiotic
factors are those non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.
• These are obtained from the lithosphere. E.g : soil, temperature, humidity.
• Habitat is considered as abiotic componenet,
• A Habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism
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The components of the ecosystem are seen to function as a unit when we consider the following aspects:
•Productivity
•Decomposition
•Energy flow
•Nutrient cycling
Function of Ecosystem
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• Productivity - The rate of biomass production is called productivity.
• Gross primary productivity - The rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis is called gross primary productivity.
Gross PP (GPP) = total energy fixed
Secondary productivity – The rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers is called secondary productivity .
PRODUCTIVITY
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• The breakdown of complex organic matter into inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, water and nutrients and the process is called decomposition.
DECOMPOSITION
Steps in decomposition
Fragmentation
Leaching
Catabolism
Humification
Mineralization
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• The flow of energy is one way direction from producer to consumers, and ends in decomposition process.
•However, a part of the energy is lost as heat and agrees with the phenomenon of second law of Thermodynamics.
ENERGY FLOW
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NUTRIENT CYCLE
• A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter.
• The process is regulated by food web pathways that decompose matter into mineral nutrients.
• Nutrient cycles occur within ecosystems.
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NUTRIENT CYCLE