cell structure and function - scott county schools...cell structure and function structure function...
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![Page 1: Cell Structure and Function - Scott County Schools...Cell Structure and Function Structure Function • Vacuole •Saclike structures that store amino acids, sugars, metabolic and](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062311/5f07a9217e708231d41e1954/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Structure and Function
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Cell Structure and Function
Cell: Basic unit structure and function in
living things.
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2 Types of Cells
PROKARYOTES
Lack nucleus
Lack organelles
Only unicellular
EUKARYOTES
Have nucleus
Have membrane bound
organelles
Uni-/Multicellular
Only Example -
bacteria
Examples -
animal, plant, fungi, protists
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Cells differ in size, shape and function. ALL cells have these components – BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:
• Cell Membrane
• DNA
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes
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Cell Structure and Functions
Organelles are specialized structures
INSIDE the cell that have their own
functions. Organelles function together to
help the cell carry out all of life’s activities.
Remember: ONLY EUKARYOTIC
CELLS HAVE ORGANELLES!!!!
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Cell or Plasma Membrane • Serves as barrier between
cell & its environment
• Controls the movement of
materials in/out of cell to
maintain homeostasis
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Cell Wall • Thick, inflexible outer layer
surrounding the cell
membrane that provides
support and protection
• Made of cellulose
• NOT found in animal cells
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Cytoplasm • Semi-fluid matrix (cytosol)
containing organelles
• Provides support and
protection for organelles
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Chromosomes • Contain DNA.
• Found in the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells and in the
nucleoid region of
prokaryotic cells.
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Nucleus • Contains the
chromosomes (DNA)
• Controls cell activities
such as protein synthesis
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Nucleolus • Non-membrane structure
located in nucleus
• Where ribosomes are
produced
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Ribosomes • Non-membrane structures
that are attached to the
Rough ER or free in the
cytoplasm
• Produce proteins
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • System of channels and sacs that is
connected to the nucleus and
extends through cytoplasm
• Aids in protein synthesis and
transport of materials
• Two types of ER’s: Smooth & Rough
• Rough ER – has ribosomes on
surface, involved in protein synthesis
and transport
• Smooth ER – no ribosomes on
surface; involved in lipid synthesis
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Golgi Apparatus • Flattened sacs that modify
proteins, package them
inside transport vesicles,
and send them to their
destination
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Vacuole • Saclike structures that
store amino acids, sugars,
metabolic and toxic waste
• Also called vesicles
• Plant cells have a large
central vacuole that stores
water and other molecules
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Lysosomes • Vesicle containing digestive
enzymes that break down
and recycle organic
compounds
• Destroys cell parts, the
entire cell or pathogens
• RARELY found in plant
cells
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Chloroplast • Plastid only found in plants and
algae
• Site of photosynthesis -
transforming sunlight energy
directly into food
• Contains green pigment called
chlorophyll
• Has own DNA & can self
replicate
• NOT found in animal or fungi
cells
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Mitochondria • Site of aerobic cellular
respiration - Uses energy from
food to make ATP (adenosine
triphosphate) that the cell can
use to grow, develop and move
• Has own DNA and can self
replicate
• Very active cells have more
mitochondria
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Cilia • Short, more numerous hair
like structures made of
bundles of microtubules
located outside cell
• Assist in cell movement or
propelling foreign
substances around the cell
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Cell Structure and Function
Structure Function
• Flagella • Long whip like tail of
microtubule bundles
located outside cell
• Used for cell movement;
usually 1-3 in number