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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis instituti

IVANE JAVAKHISHVILI TBILISI STATE UNIVERSITY

PAATA GUGUSHVILI INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS

profesor giorgi wereTlis dabadebidan 65-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili

saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis

masalebis krebuli

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis

struqturuli da inovaciuri problemebi

(23-24 ivnisi, 2017)

Proceedings of Materials of International Scientific Conference

Dedicated to the 65th birth anniversary of Professor George Tsereteli

STRUCTURAL AND INNOVATIVE PROBLEMS OF

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

(23-24 June, 2017)

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institutis gamomcemlobaP

PUBLISHING HOUSE OF PAATA GUGUSHVILI INSTITUTE

OF ECONOMICS OF IVANE JAVAKHISHVILI TBILISI STATE U NIVERSITY

Tbilisi Tbilisi 2017

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UDC (uak) 338(47+57)33(479.22)(063) p – 645

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis paata

guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institutSi 2017 wels gamarTul saeTa-

Soriso samecniero konferenciaze wakiTxuli moxsenebebis masalebi

Materials of reports made at the international scientific conference held at Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University in 2017

samecniero-saredaqcio kolegia: r. abesaZe (mTavari redaqtori), n. arevaZe, T. arnania-kepulaZe, n. bibilaSvili (pasuxismgebeli mdivani), l. daTunaS-

vili, g. erqomaiSvili, e. kakulia, m. kvaracxelia, al. kurataSvili, T. la-

zaraSvili, i. naTelauri, s. pavliaSvili, vl. papava, s. particki, a. silag-

aZe, d. sorokini, q. qvelaZe, n. xaduri, m. xuskivaZe, T. CxeiZe

Scientific-editorial Board: R. Abesadze (Editor-in-Chief), N. Arevadze, T. Arnania-Kepuladze, N. Bibilashvili (Executive Secretary), T. Chkheidze, L. Datunashvili, G. Erkomaishvili, E. Kakulia, K. Kveladze, N. Khaduri, M. Khuskivadze, Al. Kuratashvili, M. Kvaratskhelia, T. Lazarashvili, I. Natelauri, V. Papava, S. Partycki, S. Pavliashvili, A. Silagadze, D. Sorokin

recenzentebi: emd v. burduli

emd g. berulava

Reviewers: Doctor of Economic Sciences V. Burduli Doctor of Economic Sciences G. Berulava

konferenciis saorganizacio jgufi:

T. gogoxia (xelmZRvaneli), n. kedia, e. jabanaSvili, m. baRaTuria

Organizing Group of the Conference: T. Gogokhia (Head), N. Kedia, E. Jabanashvili, M. Bagaturia

© ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis instituti, 2017P

© IVANE JAVAKHISHVILI TBILISI STATE UNIVERSITY PAATA GUGUSHVILI INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS, 2017

ISBN 978-9941-13617-7

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giorgi wereTeli _ 65

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wels Tsu paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis instituti, saqarTvelos

ekonomikuri samecniero sazogadoeba aRniSnavs gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieris,

ekonomikis mecnierebaTa doqtoris, saxelmwifo premiis laureatis, profesor

giorgi wereTlis dabadebidan 65-e wlisTavs.

profesori giorgi wereTeli daibada 1952 wlis 20 ianvars q. lanCxuTSi. 1967

wels warCinebiT daamTavra lanCxuTis #1 saSualo skolis 8 klasi da spe-

cialuri konkursis gavlis Semdeg swavla ganagrZo Tbilisis v. m. komarovis sa-

xelobis fizika-maTematikur skolaSi. sazogadoebisaTvis kargadaa cnobili, rom

am skolaSi mxolod maTematikuri niWiT dajildoebulT SeuZliaT swavla.

1969 wels, aRniSnuli skolis warCinebiT damTavrebis Semdeg, igi swavlas

agrZelebs Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, romelic aseve warCinebiT daam-

Tavra 1975 wels ekonomikuri kibernetikis specialobiT. mas mieniWa ekonomist-

maTematikosis kvalifikacia, ramac samecniero moRvaweobis mTel manZilze saSu-

aleba misca, ekonomikur kvlevebSi maTematikuri meTodebi warmatebiT gamoey-

enebina. universitetSi swavlis wlebSi man Tavi gamoiCina rogorc niWierma da aq-

tiurma studentma. misi pirveli naSromebi, swored, studentobis wlebs ganekuT-

vneba.

universitetis damTavrebis Semdeg batoni giorgi muSaobas iwyebs saqarTve-

los mecnierebaTa akademiis marTvis sistemebis institutSi inJiner-programistis

Tanamdebobaze. 1976 wels igi saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis aspiranti gaxda,

ris gamoc SromiTi saqmianoba droebiT Sewyvita. 1978 wlidan swavlas agrZelebs

sabWoTa kavSiris mecnierebaTa akademiis centraluri ekonomikur-maTematikuri in-

stitutis daswrebul aspiranturaSi, romelic daamTavra 1980 wels. amave insti-

tutSi daicva sakandidato disertacia da mieniWa ekonomikis mecnierebaTa kandi-

datis xarisxi.

1980 wlidan igi muSaobda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis paata

guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institutSi jer umcrosi, ufrosi, wamyvani

mecnieri TanamSromlisa da Semdeg direqtoris moadgilisa da direqtoris Tanam-

debobebze.

1990 wels kievSi daicva sadoqtoro disertacia da mieniWa ekonomikur mecnie-

rebaTa doqtoris xarisxi. 1995 wels miiRo profesoris wodeba.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia profesor giorgi wereTlis moRvaweoba didi

tradiciebis mqone paata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutis (romlis damaarsebeli

da 32 wlis ganmavlobaSi ucvleli direqtori iyo akademikosi paata guguSvili,

direqtorebi ki cnobili mecnierebi _ akademikosi avTandil gunia da saqarTvelos

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondenti vladimer papava) direqtoris

Tanamdebobaze. am periodSi man gamoavlina mecnierisa da mecnierebis organiza-

toris saukeTeso Tvisebebi _ niWiereba, nebisyofa, mizanswrafva, saqmisadmi erT-

guleba, siZneleebis gadalaxvis unari, principuloba, organizatoruli niWi. igi

Tavis kolegebTan erTad garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi, faqtiurad uxelfasobisa

da institutis mZime materialuri uzrunvelyofis pirobebSi, axerxebda instituts

araTu SeenarCunebina tradiciebi, aramed ufro maRal safexurze aeyvana igi.

profesor giorgi wereTels gamoqveynebuli aqvs 160-ze meti samecniero

naSromi. maT Soris 20 wigni (5 TanaavtorobiT). misi samecniero naSromebi ZiriTa-

dad eZRvneba ekonomikur-maTematikuri, ekonomikur-ekologiuri, makroekonomikis,

ekonomikuri Teoriisa da sxva problemebis kvlevas. misi monografiebidan aRsaniS-

navia: garemo bunebis dacvis procesTa ekonomikuri regulirebis sakiTxebi saba-

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zro urTierTobebis pirobebSi". Tbilisi, "mecniereba", 2003; `postkomunistur qvey-

anaSi umuSevrobiT gamowveuli negatiuri ekonomikuri Sedegebis gansazRvrisa da

Semcirebis gzebi (saqarTvelos magaliTze)". Tbilisi, "mecniereba", 2004 (Tanaav-

tori akademiuri doqtori n. bibilaSvili); "ekonomikur-maTematikuri meTodebis

safuZvlebi da maTi ekonomikaSi gamoyenebis zogierTi praqtikuli magaliTi".

Tbilisi, "mecniereba", 2000 da sxv.

profesor giorgi wereTlis naSromebSi dasmuli da gadawyvetilia ara erTi

ekonomikuri da ekonomikur-maTematikuri amocana. kerZod:

_ SemuSavebulia qveyanaSi bunebaTsargeblobis ekonomikur procesTa mraval-

mizniani optimizaciis safuZvlebi, ramac avtors misca saSualeba, principulad

axali mecnieruli midgomiT gadaewyvita bunebaTsargeblobis (miwaTsargeblobis,

tyeTsargeblobis, wyliTsargeblobis, atmosferuli haeris dacvis) ekonomikur

procesTa srulyofis msxvili mecnieruli problema.

_ SemoTavazebulia bunebaTsargeblobis ekonomikur procesTa optimizacii-

sadmi konceptualuri (mravalmizniani) midgoma. dasmuli da gadawyvetilia saqarT-

velos tyis resursebis gamoyenebisa da dacvis ekonomikur-maTematikuri amocana.

_ gadmocemulia garemos dacvis ekonomikuri safuZvlebis srulyofis avto-

riseuli pozicia, dasmulia garemo bunebis dacvis ekonomikuri problemebi

rogorc mikro-, aseve makro- da mezodoneebze, mocemulia am problemaTa ekono-

mikur-ekologiuri analizi da dasaxulia maTi gadaWris efeqtiani gzebi, kvlevis

ekonomikur-maTematikuri aparatis gamoyenebiT. Seswavlilia aRniSnuli saxis

problemebis specifika saqarTveloSi da SemuSavebulia maTi gadawyvetis ek-

onomikur-maTematikuri meqanizmi.

_ SemuSavebulia garemo bunebis dacvaze orientirebuli sabazro urTier-

Tobebis formirebisa da misi efeqtiani funqcionirebis meqanizmi da misi gamo-

yenebiT Seqmnilia saqarTveloSi aseTi bazris Camoyalibebis ekonomikuri safuZv-

lebi (maT Soris agebulia aseTi bazris formirebis ekonomikuri modeli).

_ SemuSavebulia postkomunistur qveyanaSi umuSevrobiT gamowveuli negatiu-

ri ekonomikuri Sedegebis amsaxveli maCveneblebis gansazRvris meTodikuri safuZv-

lebi da dasaxulia am SedegTa SemcirebisaTvis saWiro efeqtiani gzebi da sxva.

erT-erTi monografiisaTvis _ `bunebaTsargeblobis procesebis optimizaciis

ekonomikuri sakiTxebi~ _ 1984 wels profesor giorgi wereTels mieniWa saqarTve-

los mecnierebaTa akademiis specialuri medali da premia axalgazrda mecnierTa

Soris. 2003 wels sxva avtorebTan erTad (profesorebi: vladimer papava, avTandil

silagaZe, iuri ananiaSvili, klimenti aCelaSvili) naSromTa ciklisaTvis miRebu-

li aqvs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo premia mecnierebisa da teqnikis dargSi.

giorgi wereTeli, intensiur mecnierul da mecnierul-organizaciul mu-

SaobasTan erTad, eweoda aqtiur pedagogiur saqmianobas ivane javaxiSvilis sax-

elobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo da saqarTvelos teqnikur universitetebSi. mas mni-

Svnelovani wvlili miuZRvis respublikis maRalkvalificiuri kadrebis momzadeba-

Si. garda imisa, rom aRzrdili hyavs student-ekonomistTa ramdenime Taoba, misi,

rogorc institutis direqtoris, saerTo xelmZRvanelobiT momzadda xuT aTeul-

ze meti samecniero xarisxis mqone maRalkvalificiuri ekonomisti, xolo uSualo

xelmZRvanelobiT _ ori mecnierebaTa doqtori da xuTi mecnierebaTa kandidati.

igi samecniero muSaobasTan erTad eweoda aqtiur sazogadoebriv saqmianobas.

1996-2003 wlebSi iyo saqarTvelos swavlul eqspertTa sabWos da misi dargobrivi

ekonomikuri seqciis wevri, ses-is sanostrifikacio komisiis wevri. 1998-2001 wlebSi

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iyo saqarTvelos swavlul eqspertTa sabWosTan arsebuli ekonomikis sakoor-

dinacio sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile, Semdeg ki Tavmjdomare; 1996-2003 wlebSi

saqarTvelos ekonomikis, finansTa, bunebrivi resursebisa da garemos dacvis,

soflis meurneobis, ekonomikis saministroebTan, saqarTvelos antimonopoliur

samsaxursa da kontrolis palatasTan arsebuli samecniero-sakonsultacio sabWo-

ebis wevri; 1998-2006 wlebSi saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiasTan arsebuli

ekonomikis sakoordinacio-samecniero sabWos Tavmjdomaris moadgile; 2000 wlidan

gardacvalebamde saqarTvelos mecnier-ekonomistTa asociaciis TanaTavmjdomare;

2001-2003 wlebSi saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis p. guguSvilis saxelobis

ekonomikis institutTan arsebuli sadisertacio sabWos Tavmjdomare; 2003-2006

wlebSi saqarTvelos swavlul eqspertTa sabWosa da misi prezidiumis wevri, amave

sabWos ekonomikis dargobrivi seqciis Tavmjdomare; 2004 wlidan gardacvalebamde

saqarTvelos prezidentTan arsebuli ekonomikis samecniero-sakonsultacio sab-

Wos wevri. igi iyo ara erTi saerTaSoriso Jurnalis redkolegiis wevri, aqtiur

monawileobas iRebda saerTaSoriso da adgilobriv samecniero simpoziumebSi,

konferenciebSi, sesiebsa da seminarebSi.

batoni giorgi iyo mravali samecniero naSromis redaqtori. gansakuTrebiT

aRsaniSnavia is, rom misi redaqtorobiT, uSualo samecniero xelmZRvanelobiT da

TanaSesrulebiT gamoqveynda institutis samecniero Sromebis oTxi tomi saxel-

wodebiT: `sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebis problemebi saqarTveloSi~.

prof. giorgi wereTeli arCeuli iyo iseT dargobriv mecnierebaTa akade-

miebis namdvil wevrad, rogoricaa: niu-iorkis, ruseTis ekonomikisa da samewarmeo

saqmianobis, saerTaSoriso socialur-ekonomikur, saqarTvelos ekonomikur da

ekologiur mecnierebaTa akademiebi.

profesori giorgi wereTeli saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri mecnierebis ganvi-

Tarebasa da ekonomikis dargSi mimdinare reformebis ganxorcielebaSi Setanili

piradi wvlilisa da, nayofieri samecniero-pedagogiuri saqmianobisaTvis 2001

wels dajildovda saqarTvelos Rirsebis ordeniT.

profesori giorgi wereTeli gaxldaT pirovneba matarebeli gansakuTrebuli

Tvisebebisa, rac mas aZlevda saSualebas, yofiliyo kargi mecnieri, pedagogi,

mecnierebis organizatori, ojaxis ufrosi, megobari da moqalaqe. es Tvisebebi

iyo: niWiereba, didi nebisyofa, mizanswrafva, principuloba, erTguleba, momTx-

ovneloba.

batoni giorgi wavida Cvengan, magram datova Tavisi mdidari mecnieruli

memkvidreoba da, rac mTavaria, kargi ojaxi, meuRle da mSvenieri vaJi, romelSic

grZeldeba batoni gias sicocxle. igi mamasaviT maTematikuri niWiTaa dajil-

doebuli. man ara erTxel gaimarjva qveynis maTematikur olimpiadebSi. amJamad ki

imave, komarovis saxelobis fizika-maTematikis skolis warCinebuli moswavlea,

romelic mamam TiTqmis naxevari saukunis win daamTavra.

ramaz abesaZe

institutis direqtori, ekonomikis

mecnierebaT doqtori, profesori

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plenaruli sxdoma

ramaz abesaZe

inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis problemebi saqarTveloSi

anotacia. imisaTvis, rom ganviTarebad qveynebSi daCqardes inovaciuri ekonomikis

mSenebloba, aucilebelia Sesabamisi procesebis saxelmwifo regulireba, romelic unda ganxorcieldes inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis meqanizmis meSveobiT, romlis struqtura da Sinaarsi damokidebulia qveynis inovaciuri ganviTarebis doneze, qveynis ekonomikur strategiasa da taqtikaze.

sakvanZo sityvebi: ekonomikis inovaciuri ganviTareba, inovaciuri sistema, saxelmwifo regulireba Sesavali

sazogadoebrivi progresis mTavari mimarTuleba Tanamedrove etapze yvela ganviTare-badi qveynisaTvis aris ekonomikis inovaciuri ganviTareba. mowinave qveynebi XX saukunis bolo meoTxedidan Sevidnen postindustriuli ganviTarebis stadiaSi, romlis maxasi-aTebelia codnisa da inovaciebis udidesi mniSvneloba ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis. am-itom aseT ekonomikas codnaze dafuZnebul anu inovaciur ekonomikas uwodeben. igi emyare-ba swored codnas, inovaciebis nakads, teqnologiebis, instituciebis, adamianiseuli kapitalis, warmoebis organizaciis formebis, produqciisa da a.S. gamudmebul srulyofas, mecnierTa da novatorTa inteleqtualur Sromas da ara ubralod kapitals. aseTi kon-diciis miRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod Sesabamisi ekonomikuri sistemis Camoyalibebis, mecnie- rebis, industriuli da agraruli seqtorebis ganviTarebis, dargobrivi da so-cialuri struqturebis srulyofisa da a.S. gziT [abesaZe r. 2016].

ekonomikis inovaciur ganviTarebas mniSvnelovanwilad TviT sabazro meqanizmi ga-napirobebs Siga da saerTaSoriso konkurenciis gamo, magram saxelmwifos mier am procesis regulireba aucilebelia, vinaidan mas SeuZlia uzrunvelyos: 1. sabazro Cavardnebis Tav-idan acileba; 2. inovaciuri procesebis gegmazomieri gaZRola (qveynis ekonomikuri ganvi-Tarebis strategiis Sesabamisoba inovaciuri ganviTarebis miznebTan da piriqiT); 3. resursebis efeqtiani mobilizeba; 4. qveynis mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis sistemis efeqtiani organizeba; 5. saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis efeqtiani gamoyeneba; 6. finasuri, instituciuri da organizaciuli mxardaWera da a. S. biznesis, mecnierebisa da saxelmwifos erToblivi Zalisxmevis gareSe inovaciuri ekonomikis formireba SeuZlebeli iqneba.

inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis arsi isaa, rom saxelm-wifom, sabazro principebze dayrdnobiT, xeli unda Seuwyos ekonomikis inovaciuri ganviTarebis procesTa daCqarebas. misi Tavisebureba gamoixateba imaSi, rom regulirebis ZiriTadi aqcenti gadatanilia ekonomikis Tvisebriv srulyofaze. Mmisi mTavari mizania ara mxolod xeli Seuwyos sabazro Zalebis moqmedebas, raTa daCqardes inovaciuri ganviTarebis procesi, aramed imaSic, rom Tavidan aviciloT ekonomikuri saqmianobisagan bunebisadmi miyenebuli negatiuri Sedegebi. ukve arcTu mcire xania, rac msoflioSi gamoikveTa momavali mosalodneli katastrofebis SemaSfoTebeli konturebi. maSasadame, saxelmwifom xeli unda Seuwyos iseT inovaciur procesebs, rasac mdgradi ekonomikuri ganviTareba mohyveba. qveynis ekonomikis inovaciuri ganviTareba da mdgradi ekonomikuri ganviTareba erT WrilSi unda ganixilebodes.

inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis moqnili meqanizmis arseboba ganviTarebad qveynebSi inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis aucilebeli pirobaa.

inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis meqanizmi da misi elementebi

inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis meqanizmis dani-Snulebaa xeli Seuwyos qveynaSi inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebas, Seavsos is naklo-vanebebi, romelic sabazro meqanizms gaaCnia am mimarTulebiT. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, misi struqtura da Sinaarsi damokidebulia qveynis inovaciuri ganviTarebis doneze, qveynis ekonomikur strategiasa da taqtikaze.

saqarTveloSi is WeSmariteba, rom saxelmwifos mxridan aucilebelia inovaciuri procesebis regulireba, wina mTavrobis pirobebSi ugulebelyofili iyo. saqarTvelos,

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sxva postsabWoTa qveynebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar gaaCnda inovaciuri politika, strategia, gegma da a. S. axali mTavrobis pirobebSi mdgomareoba Seicvala, qveynis ganviTarebis prioritetul mimarTulebad aRiarebulia inovaciuri ganviTareba. parlamentma miiRo “saqarTvelos kanoni inovaciebis Sesaxeb”, aSenda inovaciebis centri, garkveuli warmatebebia sainformacio da satelekomunikacio teqnologiebis danergvis saqmeSi [Абесадзе Р. 2016], xorcieldeba inovaciuri proeqtebis xelSewyoba da sxva. Tumca arsebuli mdgomareoba arasaxarbieloa. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis procesi Canasaxovan mdgomareobaSia. aq jerjerobiT arainovaciuri ekonomikaa. qveynis inovaciuri sistema Zireul ganviTarebas saWiroebs.

aRniSnuli meqanizmis SemuSavebis dros, uwinares yovlisa, unda ganisazRvros Tu ra elementebisagan Sedgeba is. inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis meqanizmis formirebasa da marTvas axorcieleben regulirebis saxelmwifo organoebi, xolo am meqanizmis ZiriTadi elementebia: regulirebis sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli baza; regulirebis instrumentebi; regulirebis indikatorTa sistema; inovaciuri sistemis infrastruqtura; inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis RonisZiebaTa sistema.

regulirebis saxelmwifo organoebi swored regulirebis saxelmwifo organoebi axorcieleben inovaciuri ekonomikis

formirebis saxelmwifo regulirebas. masSi monawileobs xelisuflebis TiTqmis yvela Sto. saqarTveloSi es organoebia: mTavroba (saministroebi), parlamenti, samarTaldamcavi sistema, xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebi. swored xelisuflebis politikur nebazea damokidebuli, ramdenad aqtiurad da efeqtianad ganxorcieldeba inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis procesi. mTavrobam unda gansazRvros qveynis inovaciuri politika, inova-ciuri ganviTarebis strategia da programa qveynis ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTa-rebis strategiasa da programasTan SesabamisobaSi. am procesSi monawileobs yvela saministro. gansakuTrebuli rols TamaSobs ekonomikuri da masTan daaxloebuli profilis saministroebi: ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministrom qveynis eko-nomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis strategia da programa unda SeimuSaos qveyanaSi inovaciuri ekonomikis mSeneblobis gaTvaliswinebiT. garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrosTan erTad, xeli Seuwyos iseTi inovaciebis ganxorcielebas, romelic uzrunvelyofs qveynis mdgrad ganviTarebaze gadasvlas. finansTa saministro, sabiujeto-sagadasaxado politikis gansazRvrisas, maqsimalurad unda iTvaliswinebdes sagadasaxado SeRavaTebsa da sabiujeto daxmarebebs inovaciebis warmoebaSi danergvis xelSewyobis mizniT. energetikis saministro unda atarebdes energodamzog da ganaxlebadi da aratra-diciuli energoresursebis aTvisebis politikas. soflis meurneobis saministro xels unda uwyobdes soflad sasaqonlo fermeruli meurneobis Camoyalibebas inovaciebis danergvis gziT. regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministro, adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan erTad, xels unda uwyobdes regionuli inovaciuri sistemis Seqmnasa da ganviTarebas.

didia aseve erovnuli bankis wvlili inovaciuri ekonomikis Camoyalibebis procesSi, vinaidan swori monetaruli politika dadebiT gavlenas axdens ekonomikis ganviTarebaze, saerTod, da, bunebrivia, inovaciuri procesebis warmarTvaze. aseve mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs statistikis samsaxuri, vinaidan, sawarmoebSi inovaciebis ganxorcielebis Sesa-xeb monacemTa uqonlobis gareSe swori inovaciuri politikis ganxorcieleba da RonisZiebaTa dagegmva SeuZlebeli iqneba.

inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs araekonomikuri profilis saministroTa saqmianobasac, vinaidan ekonomikur ganviTarebaze did gavlenas axdens ara mxolod ekonomikuri faqtorebi, aramed araekonomikuric. am mxriv gamoirCeva ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, romelic qveynis inovaciuri sistemis fundamentis _ ganaT-lebisa da mecnierebis ganviTarebazea pasuxismgebeli. dadebiT gavlenas axdenen sxva saministroebic, magaliTad, sagareo saqmeTa saministro, amyarebs ra karg urTierTobebs msoflios sxva saxelmwifoebTan, umjobesdeba sainvesticio garemo, rac xels uwyobs inovaciebis Semodinebas qveyanaSi da a. S.

parlamentma unda miiRos Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi sakuTari iniciativebis an mTavrobis mier SemoTavazebuli dokumentebis safuZvelze.

samarTaldamcavi sistemis efeqtian funqcionirebaze didadaa damokidebuli biznes-garemo. samarTlianobis dacvis SemTxvevaSi rogorc Siga, ise gare investiciebi izrdeba da piriqiT.

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xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebi uflebamosilni arian, mxari dauWiron ino-vaciuri proeqtebis ganxorcielebas, regionuli inovaciuri sistemebis formirebasa da ganviTarebas.

regulirebis sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli baza

instituciebi udides rols TamaSobs ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saqmeSi. amdenad, srulyofili instituciuri bazis formireba saxelmwifo regulirebis erT-erTi umniSvne-lovanesi da fuZemdebluri elementia.

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania instituciebis roli erTi ekonomikuri wyobidan sxva ekonomikur wyobaze gadasvlis dros. maSin, rodesac TiTqmis mTlianad ingreva Zveli da saWiroa axali srulyofili instituciebis formireba rac SeiZleba maqsimalurad mokle droSi, raTa ar Seferxdes ekonomikuri ganviTarebis procesi da gardaqmnebis ganxor-cielebas xeli ar SeeSalos. swored aseT viTarebas hqonda adgli postkomunistur qveynebSi. im qveynebma, romlebmac SeZles Zireuli da swrafi cvlilelebi moexdinaT instituciebSi, swrafadve daamTavres gardaqmnis procesi da Camoayalibes sakmaod ganvi-Tarebuli Sereuli ekonomika, xolo imQqveynebma (romelTa Sorisaa saqarTveloc), romlebmac swrafad ver ganaxorcieles srulyofili instituciuri cvlilebebi, jer kidev ekonomikuri ganviTarebis dabali doniT xasiaTdebian.

inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebisaTvis, upirveles yovlisa, aucilebelia forma-luri instituciebis yvelaze aqtiuri nawilis _ sakanonmdeblo bazis (kanonebi, norma-tiuli aqtebi, dadgenilebebi) formireba, rac mimarTulia biznesgaremos gaumjobesebisa da sabazro meqanizmis maqsimaluri efeqtianobiT funqcionirebisaken. isini xels uwyoben inovaciur procesebs, mewarmeobis ganviTarebas, momxmarebelTa interesebis dacvas; aregulireben mwarmoebels, resursebis mflobelsa da momxmarebels Soris damokidebu-lebas; gansazRvraven sakuTrebiT urTierTobebs da sxv. ekonomikuri xasiaTis aseTi kanonebidan SeiZleba gamoiyos: “kanonebi mewarmeobis Sesaxeb“, “samewarmeo saqmianobis kontrolis Sesaxeb“, “dazRvevis Sesaxeb“, “gakotrebis saqmeTa warmoebis Sesaxeb“, “rek-lamis Sesaxeb“, “mcire sawarmoTa mxardaWeris Sesaxeb“, “produqciisa da momsaxurebis ser-tifikaciis Sesaxeb“, “monopoliuri saqmianobisa da konkurenciis Sesaxeb“, “adgilobrivi mosakreblebis Sesaxeb“; “sagadasaxado kodeqsi“, “sabaJo kodeqsi“ da mravali sxv.

garda ekonomikuri xasiaTis kanonebisa, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sakanonmdeblo bazas avsebs agreTve araekonomikuri xasiaTis kanonebic. upirveles yovlisa, esaa qveynis “konstitucia“, romelic gansazRvravs qveynis ekonomikuri da politikuri mowyobis ZiriT-ad mimarTulebebs, gansazvravs sakuTrebis formebs da icavs maT xelSeuxeblobas. konstituciiT aseve daculia adamianTa uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, Sromis Tavisufleba da SromiTi uflebebi, Sromis samarTliani anazRaureba, Tavisufali mewarmeoba da konku-renciis ganviTareba. akrZalulia monopoliuri saqmianoba, garda kanoniT daSvebuli Se-mTxvevebisa da a. S.

konstituciis garda SeiZleba gamoiyos: “sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi“, “samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsi“, “administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi“, “saarbitraJo samar-Tali“ da mravali sxva. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi gansazRvravs danaSauls sakuTrebis, samewarmeo, fulad-sakredito da sxva sferoSi. igi korufciuli danaSaulebebis aRmofxv-ris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani berketia. samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsi uSualod aregu-lirebs iseT umniSvnelovanes ekonomikur urTierTobebs, rogoricaa qonebrivi, valde-bulebiTi, saxelSekrulebo (nardoba, lizingi, franCaizingi, ijara) da sxv. urTierTobebi.

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi aseTi zogadi kanonebi, miuxedavad Seferxebebisa da garkveuli naklovanebebisa, miRebulia.

saqarTveloSi arc erTi wina mTavroba ar ixilavda inovaciebs saxelmwifo inte-resebis prioritetul sferod, amitomaa, rom inovaciebis samarTlebrivi bazis formireba ZiriTadad axla iwyeba. Tumca SeiZleba davasaxeloT dokumentebi, romlebic arapirdapir pasuxobs inovaciuri ganviTarebis moTxovnebs (saqarTvelos kanonebi: “mecnierebis, teqno-logiebis da maTi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb” (1994), umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb (2004), “zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb”, (2005), “profesiuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb” (2007); saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategia (”saqarTvelo 2020”), mTavrobis 4 punqtiani gegma (2016) da sxv.

2016 wels miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanoni „inovaciebis Sesaxeb“, romlis moqme-debac vrceldeba inovaciuri saqmianobebis subieqtebze, inovaciuri saqmianobebis xelSem-wyob infrastruqturaze, inovaciuri saqmianobebis dafinansebasa da inovaciebis komer-cializaciaze. kanonproeqtiT gansazRvrulia saxelmwifo strategia inovaciebis sferoSi,

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romelsac amtkicebs saqarTvelos mTavroba kvlevebisa da inovaciebis sabWos wardgi-nebiT. aseve gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis saTaTbiro organos – “kvlevebisa da inovaciebis sabWosa” da sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris – “saqarTvelos inovaciebisa da teqnologiebis saagentos” amocanebi da funqciebi inovaciis sferoSi da sxva. buneb-rivia, am kanonis miReba dadebiT gavlenas moaxdens inovaciuri saqmianobis gaZlierebaze saqarTveloSi, magram, amasTan erTad, aucilebelia: miRebul iqnes “saqarTvelos inova-ciuri ganviTarebis strategia”; “saqarTvelos inovaciuri ganviTarebis programa” da “sa-qarTveloSi mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebis programa”; “mcire ino-vaciur sawarmoTa ganviTarebis saxelmwifo xelSewyobis programa” das xv. maT safuZvelze unda ganxorcieldes inovaciuri ekonomikis mSenebloba, erovnuli inovaciuri sistemis ganviTareba, rac unda uzrunvelyofdes mTeli inovaciuri ciklis (mecniereba-gamogoneba-warmoeba) Seuferxebel ganxorcielebas (maT Soris regionul doneze), sadac mTavari roli unda iTamaSos bazarma da saxelmwifom ki areguliros es procesebi.

regulirebis meTodebi da instrumentebi regulirebis formebis, meTodebisa da instrumentebis SerCeva damokidebulia ekono-

mikis ganviTarebis doneze da im RonisZiebaTa xasiaTze, romelTa ganxorcielebac aris dagegmili regulirebis dros. ZiriTadad erTmaneTisagan SeiZleba ganvasxvavoT adminis-traciuli da ekonomikuri xasiaTis meTodebi, romelTac aqvT pirdapiri an arapirdapiri forma.

administraciuli saxis meTodebi gulisxmobs iseTi RonisZiebebis gatarebas, rom-lebic efuZneba akrZalvebs, nebarTvebs, Zaldatanebebs anu iZulebis meTodebs. mag., licen-zireba, kvotireba, limitireba, antimonopoliuri SezRudvebi, registrireba, bunebisdac-viTi xasiaTis akrZalvebi da sxv. administraciuli saxis meTodebi ZiriTadad pirdapir xasiaTs atarebs.

ekonomikuri meTodebi aris rogorc pirdapiri, ise arapirdapiri xasiaTis. pirdapiri ekonomikuri meTodebi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis procesze gavlenas axdens uSualod _ subsidiebis, dotaciebis, saxelmwifo programebis ganxorcielebis, saxelmwifo mewarmeo-bis ganviTarebis gziT da a.S. arapirdapiri meTodebi gulisxmobs saxelmwifos mxridan ekonomikaSi uSualo Caurevlobas, sxvadasxva ekonomikuri politikis (fulad-sakredito. fiskluri, monetaruli da sxv.) gatarebiT miznis miRwevas.

regulirebis instrumentebis meSveobiT saxelmwifo axorcielebs ekonomikuri ganvi-Tarebis RonisZiebebs. isini SesaZlebelia erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvavoT sxvadasxva niSnis mixedviT. magaliTad, ekonomikuri, sakanonmdeblo, pirdapiri, arapirdapiri, seleqciuri, raodenobrivi, Tvisebrivi, administraciuli da sxva saxis instrumentebi.

ra Tqma unda, regulirebis instrumentebis dayofa gamarTlebulia, magram mas mainc pirobiTi xasiaTi aqvs, vinaidan nebismieri instrumenti, romelic ekonomikis sferoSi moqmedebs, Tavisi SedegiT ekonomikuria. Tumca SesaZlebelia erTmanTisagan ganvasxvavoT sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli, ekonomikuri da organizaciuli xasiaTis instrumentebi. sa-kanonmdeblo-normatiuli xasiaTis instrumentebia: kanonebi, normatiuli aqtebi, dadge-nilebebi, licenziebi, kvotebi, limitebi, antimonopoliuri SezRudvebi, registrireba, bunebisdacviTi xasiaTis akrZalvebi da sxv. ekonomikur instrumentebs SeiZleba miva-kuTnoT fulad-sakredito, fiskluri da monetaruli berketebi, aseve mastimulirebeli Tu sajarimo gadasaxdelebi da sxva. organizaciuli xasiaTis instrumentebs ki miekuTvneba saxelmwifo organoebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi ama Tu im sferos reorganizaciis Tu instituciuri mowyobis Sesaxeb.

inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis mimarTulebiT sakanonmdeblo-normatiul instru-mentebs SeZleba mivakuTnoT: kanoni inovaciebis esaxeb, kanonebi mecnierebisa da ga-naTlebis Sesaxeb, inovaciuri ganviTarebis strategia, inovaciebis saxelmwifo mxardaWeris programa da mravali saxva. ekonomikuri xasiaTis instrumentebs: sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi sawarmoTa Semosavlebze, romelic xmardeba inovaciebs; SeRavaTebi kreditebze, romelic gamoiyeneba inovaciebis gansaxorcieleblad; safinanso sistemis srulyofa, savaluto kur-sisa da saprocento ganakveTis iseT niSnulze miyvana, romelic xels Seuwyobs inovaciuri procesebis gaZlierebas; umniSvnelovanesi samecniero-teqnikuri proeqtebis sabiujeto dafinanseba; sabaJo politikis warmarTva inovaciuri procesebis gaZlierebisaken das xv. organizaciuli xasiaTis instrumentebs: mecnierebis da ganaTlebis sistemis reorganiza-cia; inovaciuri infrastruqturis axali subieqtebis dafuZneba; saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi arsebul sawarmoTa reorganizacia da sxva.

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regulirebis indikatorTa sistema inovaciuri ganviTarebis donis dadgena da Semdeg ki Sesabamis RonisZiebaTa sistemis

SemuSveba SeuZlebelia indikatorTa (maCvenebelTa) sistemis arsebobis gareSe. aseTi meTodika jerjerobiT saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs da specialur SemuSavebas saWiroebs rogorc mTeli ekonomikis, ise calkeuli sawarmoebisa da samecniero-teqnikuri organi-zaciebisaTvis.

aseTi sistema SeiZleba moicavdes: 1. qveynis inovaciuri ganviTarebis maCveneblebs; 2. regionis inovaciuri ganviTarebis maCveneblebs; 3. sawarmoTa inovaciuri ganviTarebis maCveneblebs.

qveynis inovaciuri ganviTarebis maCveneblebidan SeiZleba gamoiyos: investiciebis moculoba inovaciebze, ganaTlebaze, mecnierul kvlevebsa da sacdel-sakonstruqtoro samuSaoebze; mwarmoebluroba, warmoebis rentabeloba, kapitalis ukugeba, masalatevadoba; kvlevebze (mecnierebaze) da ganaTlebaze danaxarjebis xvedriTi wili qveynis mTlian erovnul produqtSi; inovaciuri produqciis xvedriTi wili mTlianad gamoSvebul produ-qciaSi; inovaciuri sistemis infrastruqturis srulyofileba; saxelmwifos mxridan SekveTebi samecniero kvlevebze; sakuTar kvlevebze dafuZnebuli inovaciebis moculoba; sagranto sistemis ganviTarebis done; teqnologiebis eqsport-importis saldo da sxv.

regionis inovaciuri ganviTarebis maCveneblebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian qveynebis da maTi ganviTarebis donis mixedviT. is SeiZleba iyos: saerTo danaxarjebi kvlevebsa da SemuSavebebze regionSi; biznesis danaxarjebi kvlevebsa da SemuSavebebze; axlad Seqmnili produqciis raodenoba; mcire sawarmoTa raodenoba; ganaTlebis dawe-sebulebebis raodenoba; kvleviTi da sacdel-sakonstruqtoro organizaciebis arseboba; jiSTa gamocdisa da sakonsultacio sadgurebis, biznesinkubatorebis arseboba da sxv.

sawarmoTa inovaciuri ganviTarebis maCveneblebidan gamoiyofa: axali produqciis xvedriTi wili mTlian gamoSvebaSi; Tavisufali fuladi saxsrebi; samecniero-teqnikuri potenciali; materialur-teqnikuri resursebi; adamianiseuli kapitali; axali teqnolo-giebis danergva; sawarmoTa restruqturizacia; sawarmoTa rekonstruqcia-gadaiaraReba da a. S.

msoflio masStabiT qveynis inovaciuri ganviTarebis Sesafaseblad iyeneben inovaciis globalur indeqss (The Global Innovation Index), romelic SemuSavebulia saerTaSoriso biz-nesskolis – INSEAD-is mier. am indeqsis mixedviT msoflios qveynebidan pirvel aTeulSi Sedian: Sveicaria, Svecia, gaerTianebuli samefo, aSS, fineTi, singapuri, irlandia, dania, niderlandebi, germania.

inovaciuri sistemis infrastruqtura inovaciuri sistema uzrunvelyofs axali codnis intensiur modinebas, mis gardaqmnas

samecniero-teqnikur siaxleebad da maT komercializacias. es procesi (maT Soris, ino-vaciebis importi) ki xorcieldeba inovaciuri infrastruqturis meSveobiT. inovaciuri sistemsbi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba qveynebis da maT winaSe mdgomi amocanebis mixedbiT [Бурдули 2016].

inovaciuri sistemis infrastruqtura Sedgeba im subieqtebisagan, romelTa saqmianoba mimarTulia saganmanaTleblo, samecniero, kerZo da saxelmwifo seqtoris dakavSirebis, TanamSromlobisa da inovaciuri saqmianobis ganxorcielebis xelSewyobisken. swored misi meSveobiT xorcieldeba saxelmwifo organoTa da kerZo seqtoris gadawyvetilebaTa gar-daqmna inovaciad anu yvela procesi mecnieruli aRmoCenebidan inovaciebamde.

saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli infrastruqtura metad ganuviTarebelia, Tumca am mimar-TulebiT nabijebi gadadgmulia. 2015 wels Seiqmna mTavrobis saTaTbiro organo inova-

ciebis sferoSi - kvlevebisa da inovaciebis sabWo. მიsი funqciebia: inovaciebis Sesaxeb strategiis dokumentis SemuSavebis koordinacia da saqarTvelos mTavrobisTvis wardgena; erovnuli da regionuli inovaciebis ekosistemis ganviTarebis koordinacia rogorc saxelmwifo uwyebebs, aseve saxelmwifo, kerZo, saganmanaTleblo da samecniero seqtorebs Soris; saqarTvelos mTavrobisTvis saqarTveloSi inovaciis saqmianobebis Sesaxeb angariSis momzadebis koordinacia da wardgena1.

2014 wels, mTavrobis dadgenilebiT, saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganvi-Tarebis saministrosTan Seiqmna sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri _ saqarTvelos

1 saqarTvelos kanoni inovaciebis Sesaxeb

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inovaciebis da teqnologiebis saagento, romelic xels uwyobs inovaciebis komer-cializacias da astimulirebs inovaciebis gamoyenebas.

garda amisa, inovaciuri saqmianobis xelSesawyobad saxelmwifo organos an sxva piris mier SeiZleba Seiqmnas infrastruqturis Semdegi subieqtebi: samecniero/teqno-logiuri parkebi; biznesinkubatorebi; biznesamaCqareblebi; teqnologiebis gadacemis cent-rebi; samrewvelo inovaciebis laboratoriebi (FabLab) da inovaciebis laboratoriebi (ILab); inovaciebis centrebi2.

samecniero/teqnologiuri parki uzrunvelyofs gansazRvrul sivrceSi infrastruq-turul da profesiul momsaxurebebs umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo da samecniero-kvleviTi dawesebulebebisa da inovaciuri saqmianobis sxva subieqtebisaTvis. igi xels uwyobs aq CamoTvlili pirebis TanamSromlobas, axali teqnologiebis SesaZlo uswrafes gamoyenebas, axali produqtebisa da momsaxurebebis Seqmnas da bazarze maT gatanas.

biznebiznesinkubatoris ZiriTadi funqciaa konkursis wesiT SerCeuli inovaciuri saqmianobis subieqtebisTvis samuSao sivrcis uzrunvelyofa, administraciuli da sxva sa-xis teqnikuri daxmarebis gaweva araumetes 2 wlis vadiT.

biznesamaCqareblis ZiriTadi funqciaa, konkursis wesiT SerCeuli inovaciuri saqmianobis subieqtebisTvis uzrunvelyos samuSao sivrce, maTi biznesideisa da modelis ganviTareba da daxvewa, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, moaxdinos Sesabamisi konkursis pirobebiT gansazRvruli investireba.

teqnologiebis gadacemis centri uzrunvelyofs inovaciebis gadacemas, rac moicavs inovaciis komerciuli potencialis Sefasebas, partniorTa moZiebas inovaciis gadacemi-saTvis da komercializaciis mizniT aseTi gadacemis Sefasebas.

samrewvelo inovaciebis laboratoria gansazRvrul sivrceSi nebismieri daintere-sebuli pirisaTvis uzrunvelyofs infrastruqturul da profesiul momsaxurebas, rac gulisxmobs ideebis testirebasa da nimuSis damzadebas.

inovaciebis laboratoria, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebsa da kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirebTan TanamSromlobis Sedegad nebismieri dainteresebuli pirisaTvis uzrunvelyofs infrastruqturul da profesiul momsaxurebebs da treningebs, romelic gulisxmobs konkretul biznesze orientirebul swavlebas, ideebis testirebasa da nimuSis damzadebas.

inovaciebis centri uzrunvelyofs mosaxleobis kompiuteruli unar-Cvevebis amaR-lebas, inovaciebis sferoSi samewarmeo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, distanciuri swavle-bebisa da dasaqmebis platformebis danergvas.

garda amisa, inovaciuri infrastruqtura SeiZleba moicavdes sxva subieqtTa farTo speqtrs: mcire inovaciur, inJiniringul, konsaltingur da informaciul samsaxurebs, treining-centrebs, lizinguri momsaxureobis kompaniebs, inovaciuri mewarmeobis mxardamWeri saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo fondebs. finansuri mxardaWeris gasaumjobeseblad sasurvelia aseve arsebobdes inovaciuri banki, romelic inovaciuri proeqtebis gansaxorcieleblad gascems grZelvadian kreditebs dabali saprocento ganakveTiT, daazRvevs maT da sxv.

inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis RonisZiebaTa sistema inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis RonisZiebebs SeimuSavebs mTavroba, qveynis eko-

nomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis miznebidan gamomdinare. es RonisZiebebi SeiZleba daiyos saerTo da specifikuri xasiaTis RonisZiebebad.

saerTo xasiaTis RonisZiebebs miekuTvneba RonisZiebebi, romelic damaxasiaTebelia mTeli ekonomikisaTvis da xels uwyobs sabazro meqanizmis maqsimalurad efeqtian funqcionirebas saxelmwifos mier ekonomikis aseve efeqtiani regulirebis pirobebSi.

rogorc msoflios wamyvani qveynebis gamocdileba gvarwmunebs, sabazro meqanizmis maqsimaluri efeqtianoba miiRweva maSin, rodesac ekonomikaSi dominirebs kerZo sakuTreba, adgili aqvs samewarmeo Tavisuflebas, konkurencias, jansaR finansur urTierTobebs, biujetis dabalansebulobas, gadasaxadebis optimalur sidides da a.S. amisaTvis auci-lebelia: biznesi Tavisufali iyos saxelmwifos mxridan araekonomikuri Carevebisagan; mewarmeobis, rogorc prestiJuli saqmianobis, yovelmxrivi reklamireba; biznesis gadaqceva SemoqmedebiT, sazogadoebriv kibeze yvelaze swrafi winsvlis sferod; kerZo sakuTrebis xelSeuxebloba sakuTrebis formaTa sruli pluralizaciis pirobebSi; kanonieri simdidris mopovebisa da investiciebis gawevis yovelmxrivi waxaliseba, raTa biznesmenTa

2 iqve

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mier miRebuli mogeba gamoiyenebodes qveyanaSi erovnuli kapitalis gasazrdelad; sabazro konkurenciis gaZliereba, antimonopoliuri kanonmdeblobis cxovrebaSi ganuxreli gata-reba; saxelmwifos maregulirebeli funqciebis gaZliereba;

garda amisa, saqarTveloSi aucilebelia: 1. umuSevrobis donis Semcireba. xangrZliv-vadiani umuSevroba amcirebs erovnuli adamianiseuli kpitalis sidides, vinaidan umuSe-vari adamianis kvalifikaciis done, fizikuri da gonebrivi unari TandaTan qveiTdeba. umuSevrobis dros, adgili aqvs ra gamomuSavebuli produqciis danakargebs, mcirdeba danazogebis moculoba, rac amcirebs investiciebs, maT Soris, investiciebs inovaciebze. aseve mcirdeba samecniero-kvleviTi proeqtebis dafinanseba rogorc saxelmwifos, ise kerZo seqtoris mxridan, rac mniSvnelovan uaryofiT gavlenas axdens ekonomikuri ganvi-Tarebis procesebze ara mxolod moklevadian, aramed grZelvadian periodSic; umuSevroba, aZlierebs ra Semosavlebis uTanabrobasa da socialur daZabulobas, garda resursebis gamouyeneblobiT gamowveuli danakargebisa, iwvevs damatebiT danakargebs (investiciebis Semcirebas), romelic dakavSirebulia politikuri, fsiqologiuri da kriminogenuri daZabulobis zrdasTan; 2. ucxouri kreditebisa da daxmarebebis gamoyenebaze mkacri kont-rolis daweseba, raTa is miimarTos ekonomikuri zrdis daCqarebisaken; 3. sabanko kredi-tebis warmarTva ipoTekis sferodan upiratesad materialuri warmoebis sferoSi; 4. mcire biznesis ganviTarebis daCqareba, rac udidesi rezervia siRaribisa da umuSevrobis donis Semcirebis, saSualo fenis gaZlierebisa da, saerTod, makroekonomikuri stabiliza-ciisaTvis. mcire biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia Seiqmnas misi saxelmwifo mxar-daWeris infrastruqtura; 5. dabalmwarmoebluri, ganuviTarebeli infrastruqturis mqone, ZiriTadad naturaluri warmoebis mqone soflisadmi saxelmwifos daxmarebis gaZliereba, romelic mimarTuli iqneba fermerebis stimulebis gaZlierebisaken, raTa rac SeiZleba male Camoyalibdes Tanamedrove sasaqonlo fermebi da sxv.

specifikuri xasiaTis RonisZiebebic SeiZleba daiyos or jgufad: RonisZiebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs inovaciebis imports da RonisZiebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs sakuTari inovaciuri sistemis gaZlierebas.

sanam sakuTar kvlevebze dafuZnebuli inovaciuri sistema Camoyalibdebodes, prio-riteti unda mieniWos inovaciebis garedan Semodinebas, rac xorcieldeba ucxouri investiciebis meSveobiT an erovnuli firmebis mier sazRvargareTidan teqnologiebis SeZenis gziT. amisaTvis saxelmwifom unda: 1. xeli Seuwyos saivesticio garemos gaumjo-besebas; 2. daawesos SeRavaTebi teqnologiebis importze; 3. gaaZlieros konkurencia; 4. xe-li Seuwyos Sesabamisi kadrebis momzadebas; 5. Seqmnas teqnologiebis saerTaSoriso transferis centrebi (an xeli Seuwyos maT Seqmnas); 6. gamoiyenos inovaciuri vauCerebi, romelic warmoadgens finansur stimuls kompaniebis mier saerTaSoriso inovaciuri sakonsultacio momsaxurebis SesaZenad, ris safuZvelzedac Seiqmneba axali inovaciebi da sxv.

upirveles yovlis saWiroa im inovaciuri potencialis gamoyeneba, romelic dReisaTvis arsebobs qveyanaSi: samecniero-kvleviTi institutebi, universitetebi, inova-ciebis parki, skolebi, profesiuli saswavleblebi, kadrebi, soflad jiSTa gamocdisa da sakonsultacio sadgurebi, sakonsultacio centrebi, hidrometeorologiuri, geologiuri, geodeziuri, metrologiuri, seismologiuri, samodelo, xarisxis marTvis, inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis dacvis, samecniero-teqnikuri informaciis, standartizaciisa da sxv. samsaxu-rebi, romelTa umravlesoba cud mdgomareobaSi imyofeba da aRdgenas da ganviTarebas saWiroebs.

RonisZiebebidan, romelic uzrunvelyofs sakuTari inovaciuri sistemis gaZlie-rebas, SeiZleba gamoiyos:

1. inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis koncefcia. igi TavisTavad unda moicavdes: arsebuli mdgomareobis analizs; miznebs da amocanebs; inovaciur politikas; inovaciuri sistemis ganviTarebas (mecniereba, ganaTleba, inovaciuri infrastruqtura); ganxorcie-lebis etapebs da sxv.

2. inovaciuri ekonomikis Camoyalibebis programa, romelSic dakonkretebuli iqneba strategiiT gansazRvruli miznebi, ganxorcielebis vadebi da RonisZiebis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebeli saxelmwifo organoebi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi bolo wlebSi inovaciuri ganviTarebis mimar-TulebiT garkveuli RonisZiebebi gatarda am mxriv mainc mravali problema arsebobs:

1. ar arsebobs Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli baza, romelic daaregulirebda inovaciuri saqmianobis yvela stadias da misi saxelmwifo mxardaWeris RonisZiebebs;

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2. ar arsebobs inovaciuri sistemis infrastruqturisa da mis subieqtebs Soris ur-TierTkavSiris normatiul-samarTlebrivi baza;

3. savalalo mdgomareobaSia qveynis samecniero potenciali: miuxedavad garkveuli zrdisa, mcirea mecnierTa xelfasi, sagangaSod klebulobs maTi raodenoba, moSlilia mecnierebis materialur-teqnikuri baza, msoflioSi TiTqmis yvelaze dabalia saxelmwifo biujetidan mecnierebis dafinansebis xvedriTi wili mTlian Siga produqtSi da a.S.

4. seriozul gardaqmnas moiTxovs umaRlesi, profesiuli momzadebisa da uwyveti ganTlebis sistema. igi jer kidev srulad ar aris orientirebuli codnasa da ekonomikis moTxovnaze. ganaTlebis miReba ver gaxda momavalSi Semosavlis zrdis garantirebuli saSualeba. ganuviTarebeli da araefeqturia kadrebis gadamzadebis sistema da sxv.

5. dabalganviTarebulia samecniero kvlevebis momsaxurebis sistema (soflad jiSTa gamocdisa da sakonsultacio sadgurebi, sakonsultacio centrebi, hidrometeorologiuri, geologiuri, geodeziuri, metrologiuri, seismologiuri, samodelo, xarisxis marTvis, inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis dacvis, samecniero-teqnikuri informaciis, standartizaciisa da sxv. samsaxurebi).

6. TiTqmis ar arsebobs kvlevis Sedegebis warmoebaSi gadacemis sistema (biznesinku-batorebi, teqnoparkebi, sakonsultacio da teqnologiis gadacemis centrebi da sxv.).

7. ar arsebobs sawarmoTa moTxovna inovaciur produqcaze finansuri SezRudulobis gamo;

8. ganuviTarebelia inovaciuri mewarmeobis mxardaWeris safinanso instrumentebi, kerZod venCuruli fondebi da safondo bazari;

9. ar gamoiyeneba inovaciuri menejmentisa da siaxlis komercializaciis Tanamedrove formebi

10. ar arsebobs teqnologiebis difuziis xelSemwyobi meqanizmebi - maRalteqnologi-uri ekonomikuri zonebi da sxv.

11. dabalia mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebis done ar arsebobs mcire sawar-moTa mxardaWeris infrastruqtura da inovaciuri mcire sawarmoebi.

12. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifo aRiarebs inovaciuri ekonomikis mSeneblobis aucileblobas, miRebulia kanoni inovaciebis Sesaxeb, ar arsebobs mkveTrad gamokveTili sainovacio politika - Sesabamisi strategia da saxelmwifo regulirebis meqanizmi; ar arsebobs Sesabamisi srulyofili sakanonmdeblo baza da inovaciebis ganviTarebis mastim-ulirebeli sistema, wamaxalisebeli safinanso, sagadasaxado da sxva meqanizmebi.

13. gansakuTrebiT ugulebelyofilia regionuli sainovacio saqmianoba. 14. ar xdeba donorebis mier proeqtebis ganxorcielebis Semdgomi mxardaWera, rasac

nulamde dahyavs donorTa saqmianoba. 15. ganuviTarebelia sagranto sistema da dabalia misi menejmenti. 16. TiTqmis ar arsebobs kavSiri mecnierebas, biznessa da saxelmwifos Soris. 17. TiTqmis ar arsebobs saxelmwifos mxridan SekveTebi samecniero kvlevebze. 18. TiTqmis ar xorcieldeba sakuTar kvlevebze dafuZnebuli inovaciebi. inovaciebis

importi SedarebiT xorcieldeba mxolod kavSirgabmulobisa da informaciuli teqnolo-giebis sferoSi, rasac ganapirobebs is, rom arsebobs axali teqnologiebis Semotanis damamuxruWebeli mravali faqtori - codnis uqonloba, politikuri nebisa da instituciu-ri mxardaWeris ararseboba, finansuri resursebis simwire da sxv.

aqedan gamomdinare, inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis zogadi mimarTulebebi saqarTveloSi SeiZleba Semdegnairad CamovayaliboT:

1. naTlad gansazRvruli inovaciuri politikisa da strategiis SemuSaveba; 2. inovaciuri sistemis gaZliereba; sakuTar kvlevebze dafuZnebuli inovaciuri sis-

temis formireba da ganviTareba. 3. inovaciuri infrastruqturis ganviTareba; 4. teqnologiebis Siga da saerTaSoriso satransfero da inovaciuri vauCeruli sis-

temebis danergva; 5. mecnierebisa gaTlebis sistemis srulyofa; 6. samecniero kvlevebis momsaxurebis sistemis srulyofa; 7. teqnologiebis difuziis xelSemwyobi meqanizmebis amoqmedeba; 8. inovaciuri mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebis daCqareba; 9. regionuli sainovacio saqmianobis ganviTareba; 10. donorebis mier ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis danergvis mxardaWera; 11. konkurentunariani mewarmeobis ganviTareba; 12. soflis ekonomikis inovaciuri ganviTareba;

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13. mecnierebas, biznessa da saxelmwifos Soris kavSirebis damyareba da gaZliereba; 14. inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis dacva; 15. kadrebis kvalifikaciis amaRlebis da gadamzadebis sistemis srulyofa. mewarmeTa

momzadebis swavlebis danergva da sxv. daskvna

analizmma gviCvena, rom ganviTarebad qveynebSi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis dasaCqare-blad aucilebelia inovaciuri ekonomikis mSenebloba. am procesSi didi mniSvneloba eni-Weba saxelmwifo regulirebas, risTvisac qveyanaSi unda arsebobdes inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis meqanizmi. misi daniSnulebaa xeli Seuwyos inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebas, Seavsos is naklovanebebi, romelic sabazro meqanizms gaaCnia am mimarTulebiT.

saqarTveloSi is WeSmariteba, rom saxelmwifos mxridan aucilebelia inovaciuri procesebis regulireba, wina mTavrobis pirobebSi ugulebelyofili iyo. saqarTvelos, sxva postsabWoTa qveynebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar gaaCnda inovaciuri politika, strategia, gegma da a. S. axali mTavrobis pirobebSi mdgomareoba Seicvala, qveynis ganviTarebis prio-ritetul mimarTulebad aRiarebulia inovaciuri ganviTareba garkveuli nabijebi am mi-marTulebiT. Tumca arsebuli mdgomareoba arasaxarbieloa. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarT-veloSi inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis procesi Canasaxovan mdgomareobaSia. aq jer-jerobiT arainovaciuri ekonomikaa. qveynis inovaciuri sistema Zireul ganviTarebas saWi-roebs.

aRniSnuli meqanizmis SemuSavebis dros, uwinares yovlisa, unda ganisazRvros Tu ra elementebisagan Sedgeba is. inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis saxelmwifo regulirebis meqanizmis formirebasa da marTvas axorcieleben regulirebis saxelmwifo organoebi, xolo am meqanizmis ZiriTadi elementebia: regulirebis sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli baza; regulirebis instrumentebi; regulirebis indikatorTa sistema; inovaciuri sistemis infrastruqtura; inovaciuri ekonomikis formirebis RonisZiebaTa sistema. yvela es elementi naSromSi daxasiaTebulia cal-calke, ris drosac gamovlenilia saqarTveloSi inovaciuri ganviTarebis sferoSi arsebuli naklovanebebi da dasaxulia inovaciuri ekonomikis zogadi mimarTulebebi.

gamoyenebuli literatura 1. abesaZe r. 2016 postsabWoTa qveynebis inovaciuri politika. wignSi: “inovaciuri

ekonomika da misi formirebis problemebi postkomunistur qveynebSi”. saerTaSoriso same-cniero-praqtikuli konferenciis masalebi (Tbilisi, 1-2 ivlisi, 2016)

2. Абесадзе Р. 2016. ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ И ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИХ РАЗВИТИЯ В ГРУЗИИ. Международная научно-практическая Интернет-конференция «ЭКОНОМИКА И МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ 2016: ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ И ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИ-ТИЯ» (г. Днепропетровск – 14-15 апреля 2016 года)

3. Бурдули В., Абесадзе Р. 2016. Опыт трансформации национальных инновационных систем в развитых странах и направления его использования в Грузии. СТІЙКИЙ РОЗВИТОК НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА МЕХАНІЗМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ. МАТЕРІАЛИ І Міжнародної науково-практичної Інтернет-конференції (27 квітня 2017 року)

4. Беляева Ю., Тимонин А. 2012. Региональная инновационная политика: опит Развитых стран и уроки для России - http://www.vps.ns.ac.rs/SB/2012/9.6.pdf

Ramaz Abesadze PROBLEMS OF STATE REGULATION OF INNOVATIVE ECONOMY FORMATION IN GEORGIA

Summary

In order to accelerate the development of innovative economics in developing countries, the state regulation of the relevant processes must be implemented through the State Regulation Mechanism for the formation of innovative economics. Its essence is that it has been based on state regulation of market principles it must promote the acceleration of innovative development of the economy.

Formation and management of state regulation mechanism for formation of innovative economy is carried out by regulatory state bodies. The main elements of this mechanism are: legislative and statutory basis of regulation; regula-tion tools; system of regulation Indices; innovative system infrastructure; system of innovative economy formation measures.

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For the formation of innovative economics, it is essential to form the most active part of the formal institutions - legislative basis (laws, normative acts, regulations) that are aimed at improving the business environment and the max-imum efficient functioning of the market mechanism.

None of the previous governments in Georgia would have seen the innovations as a priority of state interests, and that is why the formation of the legal basis of innovation starts mainly now.

Selection of regulation forms, methods and instruments is based on the level of economic development and the nature of the measures the implementation of which is planned during the regulation. Basically, you can distinguish between administrative and economic methods.

Determining the level of innovative development of the country and then developing the appropriate system of measures is impossible without the existence of Indicators system. Such a system may include: 1. Innovative develop-ment indicators of the entire country; 2. Innovative development indicators of the region; 3. Innovative development indicators of enterprises. In the innovative development of the country can include: the volume of investments on inno-vations, education, scientific research and experimental projects; productivity, return of capital, material intensity; the share of studies on research (science) and education in the country's gross national product; the share of innovative products in gross output; improvement of Innovative system Infrastructure; government order on scientific research the volume of innovations based on their own research; level of development of grant system and others.

To the innovative development indicators of the region can be attributed: the joint costs on research and devel-opment in the region; Business expenses on research and development; number of newly created products; number of small enterprises; number of educational institutions; the existence of research and experimental organizations; exist-ence of testing types and consultation stations, business incubators etc.

The innovative development indicators of enterprises can distinguish: the share of new products in gross output; Free cash; Scientific-technical potential; Material-technical resources; Human capital; Introduction of new technologies; Enterprise restructuring; Reconstruction and re-equipment of enterprises etc.

Innovative system infrastructure consists of subjects whose activities are aimed at facilitating the communication cooperation of educational, scientific, private and public sectors and implementation of innovative activities. It is through this infrastructure to transform the decisions of state agencies and private sector into innovation. That means that all processes are made from scientific discoveries to innovations.

The measures for the formation of innovative economy will be developed by the Government, due to the eco-nomic and social development of the country. These measures can be divided into common and specific events.

Common measures include activities that characterize the entire economy and facilitate maximum operational ef-ficiency of the market mechanism, in the conditions of the same effective regulation of economy by the state.

Specific characteristic events can also be divided into two groups: events that provide the import of innovations and measures that strengthen their own innovative system.

While the innovative system based on its own research is formed the priority should be given to the inflow of in-novations that are carried out through foreign investments (mainly by transnational corporations) or through acquisition of technologies by national firms. The state should: 1. Promote the improvement of the investment environment; 2. Im-plement benefits for importing technologies; 3. Enhance Competition; 4. Facilitate the development of relevant person-nel. 5. Create technologies for international transfer centers (or facilitate their creation) 6. Use innovative vouchers that provide financial incentives for companies to buy international innovative consulting services based on which new in-novations and others will be created.

From the events that provide the strengthening of its own innovative system can be distinguished: 1. The concept of formation of innovative economics is embedded. It will include: analysis of the current situa-

tion; Goals and objectives; Innovative policy; Development of innovative system (science, education, innovative infra-structure); Implementation stages, etc.

2. An innovative economy formation program in which the goals defined by the strategy, the deadlines for im-plementation and the state bodies responsible for the performance of the event will be concretized.

The work also defines the shortcomings in the field of innovative development in Georgia and offers general di-rections for forming innovative economics in the country.

rozeta asaTiani

keTildReoba yvelasaTvis, keTildReoba konkurenciis gziT

anotacia. kapitalizmis transformaciis Sedegad, kerZo kapitalisturi sakuTrebis batonobaze dafuZnebuli ekonomikuri sistemis axal TvisebriobaSi gadazrdam traeqtoria Seucvala msoflio ekonomikis ganviTarebas. socialurad orientirebuli ekonomikis formi-reba Tanamedrove msoflios ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan tendenciad iqca da axali msoflio wesrigisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis garantadaa aRiarebuli. am garemoebam xeli Seuwyo zneobrivi faseulobebis wina planze wamowevas, romelmac Camoi-

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tova manamde fesvebgadgmuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, socialuri instinqtiT ganpirobebuli moTxovnilebebi da maTze maRla dadga.

sabazro ekonomikaSi socialuri orientaciis gaZlierebam wina planze keTildReobis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebis kvleva wamoswia. keTildReobis ekonomika organulad daukavSirda konkurenciis ekonomikas, metic, Tanamedrove civilizebul ekonomikaSi es ukanaskneli inkluziuri keTildReobis miRwevis ganmsazRvrel saSualebadac ki aris aRiarebuli. amitom dRes msoflio ekonomikur literaturaSi aqtualuri gaxda konkurenciis gaZlierebis globaluri tendenciebisa da konkurentunarianobaze orientirebuli qveynis axali perspeqtivebis kvleva.

civilizebul samyaroSi sakmaod aprobirebul Tezas _ ̀ keTildReoba konkurenciis gziT~ _ mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli antimonopoliuri kanonmdeblobisa da antimonopoliuri regulirebis arsebobam, romlebic aRiarebulia konkurenciis miRwevis erT-erT saukeTeso saSualebad.

konkurentunarianoba, rogorc qveynis ganviTarebis garanti, gansazRvravs TiToeuli qveynis adgilsa da rols msoflio ekonomikaSi. qveyana rom konkurentunariani iyos, man Tavisi produqcia unda gayidos sazRvargareT saerTaSoriso sabazro qselis meSveobiT. es aris didi `saTamaSo veli~, romelic Tavisebur kompass warmoadgens TiToeuli qveynisTvis _ ra gzas daadges, romeli dargebi ganaviTaros, ra unda iyos misi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis generaluri strategia. ganviTarebuli qveynebi, imisaTvis, rom ekonomikas miscen socialuri orientacia da xeli Seuwyon sabazro ekonomikis funqcionirebasa da ganviTarebas, sabiu-jeto xarjebSi zrdian socialur xarjebs, jandacvisa da ganaTlebis xarjebs, riTac mniSvnelovan rols asruleben sabazro ekonomikis, rogorc socialurad orientirebuli ekonomikis, socialur ekonomikaSi evoluciuri gziT gadazrdaSi.

dRes, XXI saukuneSi, qveynis ekonomikuri politikis mTavari mizani unda iyos erToblivi moTxovnis gazrdis axali formebis danergva, rac SemuSavebulia axali keinzianelebis mier da asaxulia `axal neoklasikur sinTezSi,~ konkurentuli garemos Seqmna da konkurenciis ganviTareba, partnioruli urTierTobebis wina planze wamoweva, mecnierebis miRwevebis mokle vadebSi danergva, resursdamzogveli da unarCeno teqnologiebis farTod gavrceleba, sainformacio industriis swrafi ganviTareba, finansuri kapitalis mobilurobis zrda, kerZo da saxelmwifo sakuTrebis Tanafardobis regulireba, samarTlebrivi garemos Seqmna da regulireba da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, ekonomikuri politikis ZiriTad principebs unda warmoadgendes: 1) kerZo sakuTrebis xelSeuxebloba; 2) monetaruli stabiluroba; 3) bazrebis gaxsniloba; 4) garigebebisa da kontraqtebis dadebis Tavisufleba; 5) Tanmimdevruloba ekonomikuri politikis ganxorcielebaSi; 6) moqnili fiskaluri da fulad-sakredito anticikluri politikis gatareba da a.S.

dasavleT evropaSi amJamad `Caketili“, intervenciuli socialuri politikis adgils ikavebs `Ria~, stabiluri da sicocxlisunariani socialuri politika, rogorc Tanamedrove civilizaciis gamowveva. am gziT mimavali qveynebi dRes upiratesobas aniWeben axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis sistemis organizacias, TviTdasaqmebis sistemis ganviTarebasa da ara socialuri daxmarebis Cveulebriv, SeiZleba iTqvas, vadagasul sistemas.

aqedan gamomdinare, ekonomika maRali cxovrebis doniTa da mniSvnelovani socialuri danaxarjebiT unda ganvasxvaoT sakuTriv socialuri sabazro ekonomikisagan. pirveli aris liberaluri sazogadoebebi, romelTac miaRwies materialuri simdidris umaRles dones da amitom SeuZliaT gamoyon soliduri saxsrebi Raribebis dasaxmareblad, jan-dacvis dafinansebisaTvis, ganaTlebisa da sxva socialuri miznebisaTvis. aseTi sazoga-doebis yvelaze mkafio magaliTia aSS da kanada. magram am qveynebs ara aqvT socialur jgufebs Soris interesebis Sejerebis mZlavri `CaSenebuli" meqanizmebi. amis sawinaaRm-degod, patara dasavleTevropuli qveynebi, magaliTad avstria, belgia, Sveicaria da a.S., SeiZleba mivakuTnoT axali tipis sabazro ekonomikas swored imis gamo, rom maTi socialur-ekonomikuri da samarTlebrivi sistemebi mimarTulia socialuri Tanxmobisa da mosaxleobis ZiriTadi nawilis maRali cxovrebis donisa da xarisxis miRwevisaken, miuxedavad imisa, rom absoluturi maCveneblebiT es qveynebi bevrad CamorCebian aSS-sa da kanadas. amis dasturia Tundac is, rom 2015 wlis monacemebiT, cxovrebis xarisxisa da `komfortulobis~ krebsiTi indeqsis mixedviT, 188 qveyanas Soris msoflioSi pirvel adgilzea Sveicaria (222,94), meore adgilze _ germania (195,94), xolo, 193,86 indeqsiT, mesame adgilzea SvedeTi. aRniSnuli maCvenebliT saqarTvelo 64,96 indeqsiT 57-e adgilzea.

XXI saukune, romelic aRiarebulia codnisa da inteleqtualuri kapitalis saukuned, mniSvnelovnad cvlis qveynis konkurentunarianobis safuZvlebs. dRes qveynebi konkurentul upiratesobas inovaciebis, axali teqnologiebis gziT aRweven, afuZneben axal standartebs,

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investiciebs deben codnis ganaxlebaSi, axali saxeobis produqciis Seqmnasa da a.S. yovelive es ganapirobebs qveynis saxelmwifo seqtorSi arsebuli resursebis efeqtian gamoyenebas, sazogadoebrivi seqtoris ekonomikis ganviTarebasa da jansaRi konkurenciis safuZvelze sazogadoebis keTildReobis amaRlebas.

sakvanZo sityvebi: konkurencia. nordikuli qveynebi. ordoliberalizmis fraiburgis skola. socialurad orientirebuli sabazro ekonomika. socialuri sabazro ekonomika. konkurenciuli ekonomika. konkurentuli upiratesoba. sainformacio teqnologiebi. inova-ciuri progresi. kreatiuli potenciali. daimondis modeli. sakvanZo kompetenturobis Teoria. kreatiuli qseli. konkurentuli upiratesobis rombi.

Sesavali

Tanamedrove civilizebul qveynebSi, gansakuTrebiT, keTildReobis saxelmwifos sta-tusis mqone da, pirvel rigSi, nordikul qveynebSi3 sakmaod aprobirebulia Teza _ `keTildReoba yvelasaTvis, keTildReoba konkurenciis gziT~. es sityvebi ekuTvnis ludvig erxards da mocemulia mis cnobil naSromSi _ `keTildReoba yvelasaTvis~ (1956)4. l. erxardma _ ordoliberalizmis fraiburgis skolis TvalsaCino warmomadgenelma, romelic iyo omisSemdgomi germaniis jer vicekancleri, xolo Semdeg kancleri (v. oikenTan, a. miuler-armakTan, a. riustovTan, i. riopkesTan da a.S. erTad, safuZveli Cauyara neoli-beralizmis ordoliberalur mimarTulebas, romelSic sayovelTao keTildReobis miRwevis mTavar saSualebad konkurenciaa aRiarebuli.

konkurenciis Teoriebi da maTTan dakavSirebuli problemebi msjelobis sagani ufro adrec, wina saukuneebSic iyo da konkurenciis Temaze mniSvnelovani naSromebic hqondaT iseT cnobil ekonomistebs, rogorebic iyvnen oqsfordis universitetis profesori isidro ejourti, harvardis universitetis profesori edvard Cemberlini, kembrijis universitetis profesori joan robinsoni da a.S. magaliTad, monopolisturi konkurenciis modeli erToblivad Seqmnes e. Cemberlinma da j. robinsonma. e. Cemberlinma 1933 wels gamoaqveyna naSromi `monopolisturi konkurenciis Teoria~, gaaanaliza monopolisturi konkuren-ciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli faswarmoqmnis meqanizmi, Semoitana termini _ wminda konku-rencia, xolo 1933 wels j. robinsonma, e. Cemberlinisagan damoukideblad, Camoayaliba `arasrulyofili konkurenciis ekonomikuri Teoria~, riTac mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana konkurenciis koncefciaze agebuli Rirebulebis Teoriis ganviTarebaSi.

sainteresoa a. riustovis Sexeduleba monopoliebis Sesaxeb. misi azriT, ekonomikur cxovrebaSi monopoliebis gabatoneba Laissez-faire-s politikis Sedegia, romlis aRmofxvra SesaZlebelia aqtiuri ekonomikuri politikiT, gansakuTrebiT, antimonopoliuri RonisZiebebis gatarebiTa da konkurenciis ganviTarebiT.

germaneli ordoliberalebi kapitalizmis mTavar problemad ekonomikis monopo-lizacias aRiarebdnen. maT miaCndaT, rom ekonomikuri politika unda eyrdnobodes ara erToblivi moTxovnis regulirebas (amiT daupirispirdnen keinzianur mimdinareobas), aramed konkurentuli garemos Seqmnasa da konkurenciis ganviTarebas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom II msoflio omis Semdeg dasavleT germaniaSi ordoliberalebis Teoria ver iqneboda gamoyenebuli, radgan imdroindel germaniaSi Seiqmna viTareba, rodesac aucilebeli gaxda ekonomikaSi ufro moqnili meTodebiT saxelmwifos mxridan zemoqmedeba, vidre amas gulisxmobdnen ordoliberalebi.

`didi depresiisa~ da meore msoflio omis gavleniT gaRatakebulma mosaxleobam, uaRresad dabali erToblivi moTxovnis pirobebSi, TavianTi mxardaWera gamoxata jon meinard keinzis makroekonomikur Teoriaze morgebuli ideebis mimarT.

40-iani wlebis dasawyisSi liberaluri ekonomikuri politikis safuZvelze Seqmnili monopolizebuli ekonomikis `mkurnaloba~ konkurenciis ganviTarebiT naadrevi iyo, amitomac mosaxleoba ar uWerda mxars konkurenciis ideas, xolo keinzis multiplikaciuri efeqti mimzidveli gaxda sazogadoebisaTvis.

mosaxleobis mxardaWeram pozitiuri roli Seasrula `keinzianuri revoluciis~ saxelwodebiT cnobil makroekonomikuri regulirebis warmatebaSi wamyvani kapitalisturi qveynebis ekonomikur politikaSi keinzianuri Teoriis postulatebis gatarebiT, `veluri~ kapitalizmis istoriaSi erToblivi moTxovnis gazrdiT daiwyo axali aTvlis wertili, Camoyalibda socialurad orientirebuli sabazro ekonomika, romlis TiTqmis 70-wliani evo-luciuri gziT ganviTarebis Semdeg, dRes, ekonomikurad warmatebul qveynebSi mimdinareobs

3 asaTiani r. keTildReobis saxelmwifos Tanamedrove modelebi. ̀ ekonomisti~, 2017, #1.

4 Эрхард Л. Благосостояние для всех. Перевод с немецкого. М., Начала-Пресс, 1991, с. 15.

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socialurad orientirebuli sabazro ekonomikis socialur sabazro ekonomikaSi gadazrda.

ekonomika maRali cxovrebis doniTa da mniSvnelovani socialuri danaxarjebiT unda ganvasxvavoT socialuri sabazro ekonomikisagan. pirvels miekuTvneba liberaluri sazogadoebebi, romelTac miaRwies materialuri simdidris umaRles dones da amitom SeuZliaT gamoyon soliduri saxsrebi socialurad daucveli fenebis dasaxmareblad, jandacvis dafinansebisaTvis, ganaTlebisa da sxva socialuri miznebisaTvis. amJamad aseTi sazogadoebis mkafio magaliTia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi da kanada. dasavleTevropuli qveynebi ki, romlebic zogierTi absoluturi maCvenebliT CamorCebian amerikis SeerTebul Statebs, xasiaTdebian „socialuri ekonomikis“ simwifis gacilebiT maRali doniT. maTi socialur-ekonomikuri da samarTlebrivi institutebi mimarTulia humanizaciis procesebis gaRrmavebis, socialuri Tanxmobis, mosaxleobis ZiriTadi nawilis maRali cxovrebis donis miRwevisa da saSualo fenis gaZlierebisaken.

* * *

konkurenciis Teoriebma gansakuTrebuli aqtualuroba Tanamedrove pirobebSi, XX saukunis bolosa da XXI saukunis dasawyisSi SeiZina.

globalurma ekonomikam da msoflioSi Seqmnilma socialur-ekonomikurma mdgomareobam konkurenciis Teoriebi wina planze wamoswia da praqtikaSi maTi gamoyenebis aucilebloba daayena. sagulisxmoa, rom dRes dasavleTis universitetebSi iswavleba `konkuren-ciuli ekonomika~ rogorc calke akademiuri disciplina. maikl porteri gaxda konkuren-tuli strategiisa da saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis koncefciebis msoflioSi aRi-arebuli mkvlevari. misi cnobili naSromebia: `konkurencia, konkurenciis strategia~, `sxvadasxva qveynis konkurentuli upiratesoba~, `saerTaSoriso konkurencia~ da a.S. maikl porteris azriT, qveynis konkurentunarianoba iqmneba ara gare, aramed Sida bazrebze5.

swored Sida bazrebis ganuviTareblobis gamo, msoflios mraval qveyanaSi (maT Soris, saqarTveloSi) ferxdeba sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvla da, faqtobrivad, yalibdeba sauku-niswinandeli kapitalisturi ekonomikuri urTierTobebi, romlisganac Tavis daRweva SeZlo mxolod civilizebulma samyarom da dRes igi ganviTarebuli qveynebisTvis istoriis kuTvnilebaa. konkurenciis gareSe bazari fiqciaa. ukve didi xania konkurencia gascda erTi qveynis farglebs da globaluri masStabi SeiZina.

erT qveyanas ar SeuZlia moipovos konkurentuli upiratesoba ekonomikis yvela dargSi an romelime (agraruli, industriuli Tu momsaxurebis) seqtoris umetes dargeb-Si. qveynebi warmatebas aRweven mxolod konkurentul dargebSi. qveyana rom konkurentunariani iyos, man Tavisi produqcia unda gayidos sazRvargareT saerTaSoriso sabazro qselis meSve-obiT, romelic Tavisebur kompass warmoadgens TiToeuli qveynisTvis _ ra gzas daadges, ro-meli dargebi ganaviTaros, ra unda iyos misi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis generaluri strategia.

warmoebis procesebis kompleqsurma avtomatizaciam, energiis axali wyaroebisa da bi-oteqnologiis gamoyenebam, mikroeleqtronikisa da telekomunikaciuri teqnikis miRwevaTa aTvisebam da a.S. Tvisebrivad axali etapi Seqmna ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi, msoflios wamyva-ni qveynebis generaluri ganviTarebis strategiaSi. arnaxulma teqnologiurma progresma gam-oiwvia kapitalizmis transformacia axal sazogadoebaSi, rac aisaxa kidec postindustrial-izaciis procesSi, ekonomikuri zrdis tempebis amaRlebasa da momsaxurebis seqtoris swraf ganviTarebaSi.

bolo periodSi ara mxolod postindustriul, aramed mraval axalindustiul qvey-anaSic mecniereba ganixileba umniSvnelovanes nacionalur prioritetad. am qveynebma TiTqmis 2-jer gazardes TavianTi inovaciuri potenciali da uaxlovdebian evropuli qveynebis Sesabamis maCvenebels. msgavsi tendencia SeimCneva CineTSic. inovaciuri ekonomikis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, udides warmatebas miaRwies evrokavSiris qveynebmac. magaliTad, irlandia Ca-morCenili qveynidan gadaiqca inovaciuri kapitalis dabandebisaTvis erT-erT mimzidvel qveynad, rac daetyo kidec mis ganviTarebas. inovaciuri procesebis stimulirebaSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori venCuruli dafinansebis institutebi gaxda. venCuruli kapitalis formirebaSi monawiloebas iReben bankebi, sapensio fondebi, sadazRvevo kompaniebi da a.S.

amJamad msoflioSi maRalteqnologiuri warmoebiT pirvel aTeulSia fineTi, aSS, SvedeTi, iaponia, samxreTi korea, niderlandi, didi britaneTi, kanada, avstralia da sin-gapuri. maT mohyveba CineTi.

5 Портер М. Конкуренция. Перевод с английского. Санкт-Петербург, Москва, Киев, “Вильямс”, 2000, с. 218.

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amitomacaa, rom XXI saukuneSi struqturuli gardaqmnebis birTvs inovaciuri ekono-mikis ganviTareba warmoadgens. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs sainformacio te-qnologiebi (IT). misi ganviTareba ekonomikuri usafrTxoebis strategiuli mimarTulebaa. es procesi did gavlenas axdens ara mxolod materialuri resursebis, aramed inteleq-tualuri kapitalis xarisxze da ganapirobebs codnis fenomenis wina planze wamowevas.

dRes teqnologiuri bumi traeqtorias ucvlis msoflio ekonomikis ganviTarebas, udidesi pozitivi Seaqvs masSi, romlis argaTvaliswineba CamorCenilobis dauZlevlobas niSnavs da saeWvos xdis sazogadoebrivi seqtoris ekonomikis ganviTarebas.

inovaciebis ganviTareba, romelic dRes msoflioSi ekonomikuri zrdis umniSvnelovanes resursad aris aRiarebuli, vrceldeba ara mxolod sabazro, aramed arasabazro seqtorzec da udides gavlenas axdens ekonomikis funqcionirebaze, yvela instituciur formasa da struqturaze.

globalur samyaroSi inovaciuri ekonomikis upiratesma ganviTarebam maRali eko-nomikuri wesrigis Camoyalibebis safuZveli Seqmna. inovaciurma progresma mZlavri biZgi misca kreatiuli potencialis yovelmxriv ganviTarebas, inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis dacvasa da ekonomikis efeqtian funqcionirebas.

ganviTarebuli qveynebi gamoirCevian saerTo keTildReobiTa da socialuri orientaciiT, magram erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian `socialuri ekonomikis~ simwifis xarisxis mixedviT. mag., aSS-s, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia mniSvnelovani socialuri danaxarjebi da, marTalia, SeuZlia gamoyos soliduri saxsrebi socialurad daucveli fenebis dasaxmareblad, jandacvis dasafinanseblad, ganaTlebisa da sxva socialuri miznebisaTvis, absoluturi maCveneblebiT CamorCebian dasavleTevropuli qveynebi, magram isini `socialuri ekonomikis~ simwifis gacilebiT maRali doniT xasiaTdebian, vidre aSS. dasavleT evropis qveynebis so-cialur-ekonomikuri da samarTlebrivi institutebi, Semosavlebis gadanawilebaSi uTanabrobis xarisxis Semcirebisa da momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomo- bis gazrdis gziT, mimar-Tulni arian humanizaciis procesebis gaRrmavebis, samarTlianobisa da socialuri Tanxmobis, mo-saxleobis ZiriTadi nawilis cxovrebis donis amaRlebisa da saSualo fenis gaZlierebisaken.

XXI saukunem, misi `udidebulesobis~ _ inteleqtualuri kapitalis saukunem, mniS-vnelovnad Secvala konkurenciisa da konkurentunarianobis safuZvlebi. Tu uaxloes war-sulSi qveynis konkurentunarianobis yvelaze mZlavr determinantebs warmoadgenda valu-tis kursis simyare, bunebrivi resursebi, menejmentis ganviTarebis done, masStabis efeqti, anu warmoebis gafarToebis xarjze miRweuli ekonomia da a.S., amJamad aqcenti konkurentunar-ianobis sruliad axal wyaroebze keTdeba, Tumca, aRniSnul determinantebs, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, TavianTi mniSvneloba dResac ar daukargavT.

Tanamedrove ekonomikaSi axali strategiis Seqmna eyrdnoba axal inovaciur sistemas, rac moicavs rogorc uaxles teqnologiebs, aseve, gulisxmobs saqmis axleburad keTebas, axali unar-Cvevebis aTvisebasa da codnis ganaxlebas. ganviTarebuli qveynebis warmoebis mateba 75%-dan 100%-mde swored inovaciebis gamoyenebiT miiRweva6. aqedan gamomdinare, aseT pirobebSi investiciebs sruliad axali roli akisriaT da isini, winandelTan SedarebiT, gansxvavebuli mimarTulebebiT warimarTeba. saerTaSoriso praqtika adasturebs am siaxleTa WeSmaritebas. sakmarisia moviyvanoT bunebrivi resursebiT Raribi iaponiis magaliTi, ro-melic myari strategiiTa da axali, konkurentuli inovaciebiT maRali konkurentunari-anobiT gamoirCeva, an bunebrivi resursebiT mdidari afrikis qveynebis warumatebloba, rom-lebic uaRresad dabali konkurentunarianobiT xasiaTdeba.

globaluri ekonomikis pirobebSi konkurenciis xelovnebis daufleba rogorc Sida, ise sagareo bazrebze qveynis warmatebis sawindaria. dRes WeSmarit keTildReobas is qveynebi da is kompaniebi aRweven, romlebic swrafad aRiqvamen msoflioSi mimdinare procesebs da iTvaliswineben globalizaciis moTxovnebs, rac, upirveles yovlisa, mwarmoeblebisagan axlebur azrovnebasa da informaciis yvela doneze gafiltvras ukavSirdeba.

msoflio gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom kompaniebma warmatebas saerTaSoriso bazarze ekonomikis axali strategiiT _ axali inovaciuri sistemiT miaRwies, strategiiT, rome-lic kompromisebis gadaWris xelovnebad aris aRiarebuli konkurenciaSi.

rogorc msoflio praqtikidan Cans, konkurentuli upiratesoba yvelaze progresul da dinamikur dargebSi miiRweva. momTxovni momxmareblebi kompaniebs ar aZleven modunebis saSualebas, amitom mewarmeebi warmoebis mudmivi ganaxlebis, siaxleebis danergvisa da ganvi-Tarebis reJimSi arian.

6 http://www.chelt.ru/2001/12/uzbashianz-12.html

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Tanamedrove ganviTarebul ekonomikaSi struqturulma da teqnologiurma diversifika-ciam Secvala erovnuli ekonomikis ganviTarebis kursi. warmoebis procesebis avtomatizaci-am, energiis axali wyaroebisa da bioteqnologiebis gamoyenebam, mikroeleqtronikisa da tele-komunikaciuri teqnikis miRwevaTa aTvise- bam da a.S. Tvisebrivad axali perspeqtivebi Seqmna msoflios mowinave qveynebis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi.

niSandoblivia, rom Tanamedrove konkurentul ekonomikaSi gansakuTrebul yur-adRebas imsaxurebs sakvanZo kompetenturobis Teoria (core competence theory)7. igi asaxavs im axal tendenciebs, romlebic yalibdeba kompaniaSi koleqtiuri codnis saxiT. urTierT-TanamSromlobis principze agebuli sakvanZo kompetenturoba exmareba kompaniebs arsebuli samewarmeo Tvisebebis koordinirebasa da ganviTarebaSi, inovaciebze orientirebuli, mud-mivad cvalebadi teqnologiuri nakadebis integrirebaSi. is garemoeba, rom Tanamedrove biznesma ganicada diversifikacia, SeuZlebeli xdeba centridan efeqtiani menejmentis ganxorcieleba. amitom dRes didi yuradReba eqceva axali organizaciuli struqturebis Seqmnas. aseT organizaciul struqturas warmoadgens `kreatiuli qseli~ (“Creative net”). mas-Si Semavali korporaciebi erTmaneTzea damokidebuli, romelTa warmateba urTierT-TanamSromlobazea agebuli. `kreatiuli qseli~ axdens masSi Semavali kompaniebis saqmianobis koordinacias. didi kompaniebi (tradiciuli ierarqiuli pira- midisgan gansxvavebiT) sul ufro metad akisreben pasuxismgeblobas mcire kompaniebs gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, dasamzadeblad gadascemen maT produqciis calkeul detalebs da a.S. menejmentSi ganxorcielebuli es axali midgomebi stimuls aZlevs kompaniaTa calkeul jgufebs siaxleebis danergvaSi, axali produ-qciis, momsaxurebis axali saxeobebis warmoebaSi da a.S. amitom XXI saukuneSi `kreatiuli qselis~ ganviTarebaze didad iqneba damokidebuli menejmentSi warmateba. konkurenciis ganvi-TarebaSi asaxuli pozitiuri cvlilebebi udides gavlenas axdens rogorc lokalur, ise globalur konkurentunarianobaze. aqedan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilia konkurentunarianoba ganvixiloT rogorc mikro- da mezodoneze, ise makro- da megadoneze.

konkurentunarianoba mikro- da mezodoneze aris ekonomikuri urTierTobebis subieqt-Ta Tviseba, konkurencia gauwion qveynis Sida bazarze analogiuri Tvisebis matarebeli ekonomikuri urTierTobebis subieqtebs. am Tvisebis Sefaseba iZleva dabali, saSualo da maRali lokaluri konkurentunarianobis gansxvavebis saSualebas. konkurentunarianoba mak-ro- da megadoneze aris qveynis Tviseba, konkurencia gauwios msoflio bazarze sxva qveynebis analogiuri Tvisebebis mqone ekonomikuri urTierTobebis mqone subieqtebs, rac, saboloo an-gariSiT, mocemuli qveynis konkurentunarianobaSi aisaxeba. aqedan gamomdinare, globaluri konkurentunarianoba gansazRvravs qveynis adgils msoflio ekonomikaSi da igi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani indikatoria. masSi aisaxeba qveynis mosaxleobis keTildReobis done. amitomac Sem-TxveviTi ar aris, rom dRes, konkurenciis globalizaciis fonze, Seicvala qveynis konkuren-tuli upiratesobis safuZvlebi.

Tanamedrove sagareo vaWrobaSi SefardebiTi upiratesobis Teoria sul ufro uTmobs adgils konkurentuli upiratesobis Teorias. msoflio bazarze qveynis konkurentul upi-ratesobas ganapirobebs mecnierebatevadi da maRalteqnologiuri dargebi. msoflio ekonomikis ganviTarebis praqtika aCvenebs, rom dRes yvelaze momgebiani is dargebia, rom-lebic awarmoeben sainformacio teqnologiebs, kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebsa da tele-komunikaciebis mTel sistemas. maT warmatebas msoflio bazarze, upirveles yovlisa, ga-napirobebs inovaciebis danergva da ara warmoebrivi SesaZleblobebis zrda, intensiuri da ara eqstensiuri warmoeba.

qveynis konkurentunarianobis ganmsazRvreli es SedarebiT axali Teoria aqcents iseT faseulobebze akeTebs, rogoricaa xarisxi, `nou-hau~, bazrisadmi axleburi midgoma, informaciis yvela doneze gafiltvra, axali dizaini, axali saxeobis produqciis Seqmna da a.S.

qveynis keTildReobis amaRlebis problema metad aqtualuria Tanamedrove globalur ekonomikaSi, farTo msjelobis sagania is faqtorebi, romlebic gansazRvraven mas. es prob-lema organulad ukavSirdeba erovnuli konkurentuli upiratesobis rombs, romelic maikl porteris daimondis modelis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili8. igi dRevandel pirobebSi qveynis keTildReobis amaRlebis mimarTulebebSi garkvevis saSualebas iZleva.

is garemoeba, rom globalizacia aCqarebs calkeul qveynebSi Ria sazogadoebis Camoyal-ibebas da angrevs Caketil, totalitarul reJimebs, xels uwyobs msoflio masStabiT resursebis efeqtian gamoyenebas, mecnieruli miRwevebis mokle droSi danergvas, resurs-

7 Porter M. Competitivite Advantages of Nations. “Harvard Business Revieu”, 1990, № 2. 8 Портер М. Конкуренция. Перевод с английского. Санкт-Петербург, Москва, Киев. «Вильямс», 2000.

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damzogveli da naklebnarCeniani teqnologiebis farTod gavrcelebas, internetuli qselisa da, saerTod, sainformacio industriis swraf ganviTarebas, kapitalis Tavisufal moZraobasa da a.S., axali drois dadgomis mauwyebelia.

maikl porteris daimondis modeli, rogorc qveynis konkurentuli upiratesobis qvakuTxedi, aisaxeba lokaluri konkurentuli upiratesobis oTx determinantSi, romlebic erTobliobaSi warmoqmnian im specifikur garemos, romelic xels uwyobs konkurenciis ganvi-Tarebasa da axali konkurentunariani kompaniebis aRmocenebas, ayalibebs im `saTamaSo vels~, romelsac konkurentunariani qveyana qmnis sakuTari industriis ganviTarebisaTvis. es de-terminantebia:

1. faqtoruli pirobebi. qveynis Sida bazarze yuradRebis gamaxvileba im warmoebis faqtorebze (kvalificiuri samuSao Zala, administraciuli, teq- nologiuri da warmoebrivi infrastruqtura, kapitalis bazari, miwodebis pirobebi), romlebic aucilebelia mocemuli dargis konkurentunarianobis miR- wevisaTvis. Zalze mniSvnelovania Tu ra tempiT da ramdenad efeqtianad qmnis da ganaaxlebs qveyana am faqtorebs konkurentul dargebSi. mag., kolejdamTavrebuli muSaxeli ar ganapirobebs konkurentul upiratesobas Tanamedrove pirobebSi. amisaTvis igi specializebuli unda iyos dargis konkurentuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, rac venCurul kapitalsa da stabilur investiciebs moiTxovs;

2. moTxovnis pirobebi. qveynis bazarze konkretuli dargis produqciis warmoebisas yuradRebis gamaxvileba moTxovnis raodenobriv da xarisxobriv determinantebze. mocemuli qveynis kompaniebma konkurentuli upiratesoba SeiZleba im SemTxvevaSi moipovon, Tu adgilo-briv myidvelTa moTxovna (xarisxobrivi maCveneblis gaTvaliswinebiT) win uswrebs sxva qveynebis analogiur maCvenebels. es ubiZgebs kompaniebs modernizaciisa da inovaciisken da amiT aiZulebs maT daakmayofilon maRali standartebi.

3. qveyanaSi saerTaSoriso doneze erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli konkurentunariani dargebisa da damxmare sferoebis arseboba. es determinantebi swrafi da SeRavaTiani gziT xelsayrel pirobebs qmnian konkurentunarianobis amaRlebisaTvis;

4. kompaniis myari strategia, struqtura da konkurentuli garemo. erovnuli konkuren-tuli upiratesobis rombi, rogorc sistema, gavlenas axdens kompaniaTa konkurentunariano-bis iseT komponentebze, rogorebicaa: resursebis xelmisawvdomoba, dasabuTebuli uaxlesi informaciis mopoveba, unar-Cvevebis akumulireba, informaciis swrafi mopovebis gziT bazris mdgradi segmentis moZieba da a.S. rodesac kompaniebi arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaSi aRmoC-ndebian nedleulis simciris, miwis maRali fasis, muSaxelis deficitis gamo, imisaTvis rom gauZlon konkurencias, nergaven axal teqnologiebs, amiT qmnian axal bazrebs da arafasismieri konkurenciiT aRweven warmatebas.

erovnuli konkurentuli upiratesobis rombi, Tavisi oTxi determinantiT, xels uwyobs konkurentul sferoebSi maRalteqnologiuri parkebis _ klasterebis warmoSobas.

amrigad, Tanamedrove globalur samyaroSi qveynis konkurentunarianoba, rogorc ganviTarebis da, aqedan gamomdinare, sazogadoebis keTildReobis umniSvnelovanesi indikatori, gansazRvravs TiToeuli qveynis adgilsa da rols msoflio ekonomikaSi9.

qveynis konkurentuli upiratesobis misaRwevad XXI saukune msoflios sTavazobs ekonomikuri ganviTarebis axal models. es modeli inovaciur ekonomikas efuZneba, romelSic wamyvan rols inteleqtualuri kapitali, sainformacio da telekomunikaciuri teqnologiebi asruleben. maTi ganviTarebis dones ki sazogadoebrivi seqtoris ekonomikis fun-qcionirebis xarisxi gansazRvravs.

daskvna

Tanamedrove msoflioSi arsebuli socialur-ekonomikuri situacia ganuzomlad zrdis konkurenciis wesrigis politikis mniSvnelobas. amitomacaa dRes es problema wina planze wamoweuli, myarad damkvidrda sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi da igi, SeiZleba iTqvas, udides gavlenas axdens instituciuri wesrigis donesa da xarisxze. konkurenciuli wesrigis politikis moTx-ovnaTa gaTvaliswineba da sworad warmarTva saxelmwifos umniSvnelovanesi funqciaa, rac uSu-alo gavlenas axdens qveynis ekonomikis funqcionirebaze.

sagulisxmoa erTi metad mniSvnelovani garemoeba: konkurenciuli wesrigis gatarebaSi udides rols erovnuli ideologia asrulebs, magram Tu igi moswyda erovnul fesvebsa da sarwmunoebas, religias, maSin zedmetia msjeloba konkurenciis wesrigze, ekonomikis so-cialur orientaciasa da instituciur mowyobaze. qveyana, romelic ar atarebs konkurenci-

9 Портер М., Кетелс К. Конкурентоспособность: Экономике нужны ясные цели. – www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article/2007/11/26/136711

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uli wesrigis politikas, verasdros ganviTardeba da ganwirulia qronikuli CamorCe-nilobisaTvis, uaryofiT gavlenas axdens qveynis ekonomikuri wesrigis politikaze.

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