structual fire precaution part 1
TRANSCRIPT
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STRUCTURAL FIREPRECAUTIONS PART 1
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Scope of Presentation
Objectives of Structural Fire Precautions
Needs for Compartmentation
Clarification of Clauses Conclusion
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Objectives of Structural Fire
Precautions
(a) To prevent the spread of fire between adjoiningbuildings by adequate separation;
(b) To prevent the untimely collapse of building, includingwalls and floors of each unit in the event of a fire.
(c) To prevent spread of fire from one unit to anotherwithin the building envelope by compartmentalisingeach unit with walls, floors and doors having therequisite fire resistance rating.
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Compartmentation
Limits the size of the fire.
Goal of compartmentation is confining a fire
and minimizing risk of loss of occupants by
segregating a space to control the spread the
fire.
Most common failure of compartmentation?
Leaving a door open.
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Compartmentation
Response
Structure
Protection
Smoke
Management
Escape
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Compartmentation
Compartmentation by:-Area/Cubical Extent (Clause 3.2.1)
- Height (Clause 3.2.4)
-Residential II (Clause 3.2.5(a))
-Purpose Group (Clause 3.2.5(b))
-Basement Clause 3.2.5(c))
-Others (FCC, kitchen etc)
TABLE 3.2A SIZE LIMITATION OF BUILDING AND COMPARTMENT
(1)
Compartments
(2)
Maximum
Floor Area
(3)
Maximum
Cubical Extent
Compartment below ground level. No
compartment to comprise more than one storey.
2000m 7500m
Compartments between average ground level and
a height of 24m. No compartment to comprise
more than 3 storeys.
4000m 15000m
Compartments above a height of 24m from
average ground level. No compartment to
comprise more than one storey.
2000m 7500m
Note: Except Purpose Group I
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Compartmentation
Compartmentation by:-Area/Cubical Extent (Clause 3.2.1)
- Height (Clause 3.2.4)-Residential II (Clause 3.2.5(a))
-Purpose Group (Clause 3.2.5(b))
-Basement Clause 3.2.5(c))
-Others (FCC, kitchen etc)
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Compartmentation
Compartmentation by:-Area/Cubical Extent (Clause 3.2.1)
- Height (Clause 3.2.4)-Residential II (Clause 3.2.5(a))
-Purpose Group (Clause 3.2.5(b))
-Basement Clause 3.2.5(c))
-Others (FCC, kitchen etc)
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Clause 3.2.3 Where however, the Relevant Authority is satisfied thatadditional floor area and cubical extent are necessary for any such building or
compartment or part thereof, as aforesaid, he may consent to such additional
floor area and cubical extent, provided :
(a) Such building or compartment thereof is fitted throughout with an
automatic sprinkler system which complies with the requirements in Chapter
6,
(b) There is proper accessibility of site to fire fighting appliances, in
compliance with the requirements in Chapter 4,
(c) All other measures have been or will be taken and maintained for lessening
so far as is reasonably practicable, any danger from fire.
Such consent shall continue in force only while such building or compartment
is used for the purposes in respect of which such consent was given.
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To avoid providing fire compartmentation in building to comply
with the cubical extent and floor area control under Table 3.2A,
automatic sprinkler system would be proposed as an
alternative. Where automatic sprinkler system is to be provided
to a building, compliance with Table 3.2A on max. 3 storeys per
compartment is still required, unless atrium design is proposed
subject to obtaining SCDF (FSSD)s prior approval beforesubmission of building plan.
Source : Handbook 2002 Volume 5
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Mixed Development Mixed Development
Compartment of 3 storeys /atrium design (with sprinkler protection)
Acceptable
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Mixed Development Mixed Development
Compartment more with more than single storeys (with sprinkler
protection)
Not Acceptable
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3.2.2 (b) Where two buildings are connected byexternal open-sidedcovered way or covered link-bridge, the buildings areconsidered as separate buildings, if the following conditionsare complied with:(i) Within the covered way or link-bridge there is no
commercial activities or other usage that would pose afire risk;(ii) The width of the covered way or covered link-bridgeshall not exceed 5m measured from eave to eave.
Building A Building BGround
Level
Linkage
Building
A
Building
BLinkage
Section View Plan View
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3.2.2 (b) Where two buildings are connected byexternal open-sidedcovered way or covered link-bridge, the buildings areconsidered as separate buildings, if the following conditionsare complied with:(i) Within the covered way or link-bridge there is no
commercial activities or other usage that would pose afire risk;(ii) The width of the covered way or covered link-bridgeshall not exceed 5m measured from eave to eave.
Building A Building BGround
Level
Linkage
Building
A
Building
BLinkage
Section View Plan View
Air-Well Size should
be Minimum 93 sqmand 6m Apart
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Building A Building BGround
Level
Linkage
Building
A
Building
BLinkage
Section View Plan View
Minimum Air-Well
Size should be based
on
Table 1.2.29
(min. 10 by 10m)
Staircase
ventilation thru
air-well
3.2.2 (b) Where two buildings are connected byexternal open-sidedcovered way or covered link-bridge, the buildings areconsidered as separate buildings, if the following conditionsare complied with:
(i) Within the covered way or link-bridge there is nocommercial activities or other usage that would pose afire risk;(ii) The width of the covered way or covered link-bridgeshall not exceed 5m measured from eave to eave.
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FIRE SEPARATION OF
PRUPOSE GROUPS
Clause 3.2.5 (b)
Table 1.2 B Designation of Purpose Group
1
Mixed Development
Note:
Currently the Fire Code Review
Committee is reviewing the usage
in commercial Development
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FIRE SEPARATION OF
PRUPOSE GROUPS
Clause 3.2.5 (b)
Rooms or spaces for ancillary usage
located within a building or
compartment of Purpose Group III,
IV, V, Vi, VII and VIII as stipulated
under cl.1.2.2(B).
Table 1.2 B Designation of Purpose Group
1
2
Mixed Development
Refer to 1.2.2(B) (a) The ancillary
office, sick room/first aid room,
reception lobby/area, waiting area,
staff lounge/staff recreation room,
staff rest room/pantry, staff
changing/locker room, etc.
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FIRE SEPARATION OF
PRUPOSE GROUPS
Clause 3.2.5 (b)
Ancillary offices located within a
building or compartment of
Purpose Group III, V, VI, VII and
VIII.
Rooms or spaces for ancillary usage
located within a building or
compartment of Purpose Group III,
IV, V, Vi, VII and VIII as stipulated
under cl.1.2.2(B).
Table 1.2 B Designation of Purpose Group
1
2
3
Mixed Development
FIRE SEPARATION OF
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FIRE SEPARATION OF
PRUPOSE GROUPS
Clause 3.2.5 (b)
Ancillary offices located within a
building or compartment of
Purpose Group III, V, VI, VII and
VIII.
Rooms or spaces for ancillary usage
located within a building or
compartment of Purpose Group III,
IV, V, Vi, VII and VIII as stipulated
under cl.1.2.2(B).
Table 1.2 B Designation of Purpose Group
For building types not included in theabove tables, occupancy load
calculation shall be based on the
figures established for buildings within
the same purpose group, or as
otherwise determined by
the Relevant Authority.
1
2
3
4
Mixed Development
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Under Clause 3.2.5 (d), can you
install multi tiers car parksystem in basement car park?
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Clause 3.2.5 (d) - In any compartment below pavement level, nocompartment shall comprise more than one storey, except in the case of
purpose groups IV, V and VII as permitted under sub-clause (c) (ii) and in
the case of basement used solely for car parking. No part of a basement
storey shall be used for the bulk storage of highly inflammable liquids or
substances of an explosive nature.
Answer is NOTo comply with Clause 1.1.7
Fully Automated Mechanised Car Park (FAMCP)
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Clause 3.2.5 (f) Kitchen SeparationNotwithstanding all the above, the compartment where
open flame cooking activities is carried out shall not
comprise more than one storey.
Kitchen
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Clause 3.2.5 (f) Kitchen SeparationNotwithstanding all the above, the compartment
where open flame cooking activities is carried out
shall not comprise more than one storey.
Kitchen
Fire Alarm Activation
Smoke curtain
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Clause 3.2.5(j) (iii) Kitchen shall be enclosed with minimum 1-hour fire
rated compartment wall, including -hour fire rated door. Kitchen can
be located within each floor, but shall not be within the dormitory
bedroom.Dormitory
No Fire Door Needed
External Corridor corridor
to comply with cl.2.9.3 and cl.2.9.4
Dormitory
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3.2.5 (o) Areas of Special Hazard(ii) Rooms housing transformer containing flammable liquid and
generator rooms shall be located against
an external wall.
Transformer room-Transformers that is dry type no need to face external wall
-Oil cooled type are to be located against an external wall above ground level to
allow for external ventilation and explosion relief.
external wall
Transformer
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3.2.5 (o) Areas of Special Hazard(ii) Rooms housing transformer containing flammable liquid and generator
rooms shall be located against an external wall.
Transformer roomOpening of the external walls can be based on at least 10% of the floor
area for natural ventilation of the transformer room
external wall
Transformer
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Transformer
Transformer can be
located in basement but
ventilation openings to
directly open to sky
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Conclusion
Compartmentation is essential part of
Structural Fire Precautions
Part 2 - To prevent the spread of fire between
adjoining buildings by adequate separation