electron dot and structual diagrams for covalent compounds
DESCRIPTION
Electron Dot and Structual Diagrams for Covalent Compounds. :. -. H. O. H. O. H. H. :. :. :. -. Lewis Structures. Structural Diagrams show the number of bonds in a compound. Electron Dot Diagrams show the electrons involved in the bonds of compounds. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Electron Dot and Structual Diagrams for Covalent
Compounds
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Lewis Structures
• Structural Diagrams show the number of bonds in a compound.
• Electron Dot Diagrams show the electrons involved in the bonds of compounds.
H:
H
:O:
:
H-
H-O
Non-bonding e- or lone pairs
Bonding e-
1 pair of electrons = 1 bond
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Electron Dot DiagramsDetermine the number of valence e- for an element.
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1e-
2e- 3e- 4e- 5e- 6e-
7e- 8e- valence electrons
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Electron Dot DiagramsDetermine the number of valence e- for an element.
H Cl F S O P N C Si# valence e- 1 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4
Cl
:
. :: H
.
F
:
. :: : S:
. . : O
:. . . P
:
. . . N
:
. . . C
.
. . .Si
.
. .
# of bonds 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
When drawing structural diagrams, each element must have the correct number of bonds.
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Each bond in the structural formula represents two electrons.
All valence electrons must be used
Each element must have a full valence orbital (8e-) , except H (2e-)
Try C2H6
Electron Dot Diagrams
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First, determine the central atom (the one with the most bonding electrons):
Carbon 4 e-
Hydrogen 1 e-
So the central atoms will be? C
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C2H6
C. ..
.
Electron Dot Diagrams
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C .. C.
.. .
..
C2H6
Electron Dot Diagrams
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C2H6
C .. C. .
. H H. .
.
H H
H H. ...
..All atoms have a full shell
Electron Dot Diagrams
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C2H6
C .. C. .
. H H. .
.
H H
H H. ...
..All atoms have a full shell
Electron Dot Diagrams
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A structural diagram is one that shows each bond as a line. Each line represents 2 bonding electrons.
Lone pairs are not shown in a structural diagram
C2H6
Electron Dot Diagrams
C
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
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Electron Dot Diagrams
HCN
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Electron Dot Diagrams
HCN
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HCN
C
Electron Dot Diagrams
N
H
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HCN
C. H
. . . .
Electron Dot Diagrams
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HCN
C. H N
. . . ... .
Electron Dot Diagrams
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HCN
C. H N
. .. . . ... .Atoms have full shells
All valence electrons were used
Electron Dot Diagrams
CH N
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
CO2
Electron Dot Diagrams
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
CO2
Electron Dot Diagrams
O C O
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
CO2
C
.
O
. . ... . O.. . ... .. .
Electron Dot Diagrams
Atoms have full shells
All valence electrons were used
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
CO2
C
.
O
. . ... . O.. . ... .. .
Electron Dot Diagrams
C OO
Atoms have full shells
All valence electrons were used
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
N2
Electron Dot Diagrams
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
N2
Electron Dot Diagrams
N N
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N
.
N.. . . ... ..
Electron Dot DiagramsTry drawing the electron dot diagram for:
N2
Atoms have full shells
All valence electrons were used
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N
.
N.. . . ... ..
Electron Dot Diagrams
N N
Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
N2
Atoms have full shells
All valence electrons were used
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
P2O3 (sym)
Electron Dot Diagrams
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
P2O3
Electron Dot Diagrams
O P O P O
Hint: This molecule is symmetrical…which means an O will be in the center.
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
P2O3
O
.
P P
. . .. ....O O... . . .. .
. .. .
. ...
. . .
Electron Dot Diagrams
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
P2O3
O
.
P P
. . .. ....O O... . . .. .
. .. .
. ...
. . .
Electron Dot Diagrams
PO O OP
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
C4H8 (cyclic)
Electron Dot Diagrams
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Try drawing the electron dot diagram for:
C4H8 (cyclic)
.
C C
CCH
H H
H
H
HH
H.
..
. ..
.
.. ..
.. .
...
.. .
...
Electron Dot Diagrams
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Try drawing structural diagrams for the
following: C4H8 (cyclic)
C C
CCH
H H
H
H
HH
H
Electron Dot Diagrams
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