street design manual nyc sdm_hires

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www.nyc.ov/dot

Stt

DsinManual

Nw Yo CityDpatmnt o Tanspotation

2009



2

Copyiht Copyright © 2009 New York City Department o Transportation

ISBN–13: 978–0–615–29096–6

ISBN–10: 0–615–29096–5

1. REFERENCE/General.

2. TRANSPORTATION/General.

Printed in the United States by Vanguard Direct.

Printed on Roland Recycled stock: Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certied, 30% post-consumerand FSC mixed paper, manuactured using biogas energy and certied EcoLogo. Tabs printed on

Wausau Paper Royal Complements: 30% post-consumer recycled ber, Green Seal� certied.

Set with Galaxie Polaris.

All photos are courtesy o New York City Department o Transportation unless otherwise noted.

The most current version o the Manual is available or download at www.nyc.go/streetdesignmanual.

Print copies may be purchased through New York City CityStore (www.nyc.go/citystore).

Updates and addenda to the Street Design Manual will be posted on the

Street Design Manual website at www.nyc.go/streetdesignmanual.

Readers may register on the website to receive updates by email.

Madison Square, Manhattan



13

Acnowldmnts The completion o this project would not have

been possible without the participation o

numerous city agencies. Each individual named

here played a role, rom the development o the

original concept to writing and reviewing. The

Streetscape Task Force will continue working to

enhance New York City streets.

Janette Sadik–Khan, Commissioner, dot

Lori Ardito, FIrST DePUTY COMMISSIONer, DOT

With Spcial Thans to:

Adrian Benepe, COMMISSIONer, DPr

Amanda Burden, DIreCTOr, DCP

David Burney, COMMISSIONer, DDC

Emily Lloyd, FOrMer COMMISSIONer, DeP

NYC DOT Street Design ManualTam

Wendy Feuer

Michael Flynn

Ed Jano

Margaret Newman

Bruce Schaller

Andy Wiley–Schwartz

NYC DOT Spcial Contibutos

Patricia Browne

Emily Colasacco

John Dulac

Joseph Jarrin

Jon Orcutt

Susan Pondish

Sttscap Tas Foc and

Oth Contibutos

John Albin, DOT

Orly Amir, DOT

Lynette Baptist, DOT

Joe Barr, DOT

Eric Beaton, DOT

Josh Benson, DOT

Simon Bertrang OCPD

Maurice Bruet, DOT

Joseph Cannisi, DOT

Kerry Carnahan, DD C

Tom Cocola, DOT

Philip Damashek, DOT

Skye Duncan, DC P

Anthony Fiore, DeP

Margaret Forgione, DOT

Jennier Lex Furioli, SBS

Neil Gagliardi, DOT

Steve Galgano, DOT

Kathryn Garcia, De P

Anita Garrison,DOT

Kanda Gordon, DO B

Meredith Grin, DC

Bram Gunther, DP r

Bruce Hendler, DD C

Claudia Herasme, DC P

Leon Heyward, DOT

Christopher Hrones, DOT

Terra Ishee, DOT

Adriana Jacykewycz, DPr

David Jehn, DOT

Michael Johnson, DOT

Laurie Kerr, OLTPS

Jared Knowles, LP C

Aaron Koch, OLTPS

Anne Koenig, DOT

Joshua Kraus, DOT

Ziv Lavi, DC P

Steve Levine, OMB

Rozella Logan, DOT

Chris Lucas, DOT

Tim Lynch, DD C

Patricia Lyons, DOTTom Maguire, DOT

Vincent Maniscalco, DOT

Mike Marsico, DOT

John Martin, DOT

Wanda Matos, DOT

Robert Mayer, OM B

Maura McCarthy, DOT

Charles McKinney, DPr

John McLaughlin, De P

Connie Moran, DOT

John Murray, OMB

Paul Nelson, SBS

Yun Poy “Dino” Ng, DD C

Signe Nielsen, DC

Ted Oberman, DOT

Flavia Orlandi, OMB

Galileo Orlando, DOT

Joseph Palmieri, DOT

Ghanshyam Patel, DOT

Robert Piccolo, MOPD

Michael Primeggia, DOT

Marguerite Riskalla, DOT

Matthew Roe, DOT

Gale Rothstein, eDC

Scott Roveto, DOT

Charles Rudesill, DPr

Ryan Russo, DOT

Ali Sadriyoun, DOT

Luis Sanchez, DOT

Je Shumaker, DC P

Jackie Snyder, DC

Gerard Soan, DOT

Michael Soliman, DOT

Joe Sopiak, DD C

Patricia Stareck, DOT

David Stein, DOT

Matt Stephens, DPr

Carter Strickland, OLTPS

Je Sugarman, DC P

Sandy Tomas, eD C

Randy Wade, DOT

Jeremy Waldrup, SBS

Thomas Wargo, DC P

Alex Washburn, DC P

Steve Weber, DOT

Matthew Wells, DPrKeith Wen, DO B

Josh Wojcik, DOT

Brianna Wol, OLTPS

Tchnical rads

Michael Ronkin

Gary Toth

edito and Ind

Chelsea Mauldin

Carol Inskip

gaphic Dsin

Pure+AppliedCarlton Avenue, Brooklyn



14

DC

New York City Design Commission

DCA

New York City Department o

Consumer Aairs

DCAS

New York City Department oCitywide Administrative Services

DCP


City Planning

DDC


Design and Construction

DeC

New York State Department o

Environmental ConservationDeP


Environmental Protection

DOB

New York City Department

o Buildings

DOHMH


Health and Mental Hygiene

DoITT


Inormation Technology and

Telecommunications

DOT / NYC DOT

New York City Department

o Transportation

DPr


Parks and Recreation

DSNY

New York City Departmento Sanitation

eDC

New York City Economic

Development Corporation

FDNY

New York City Fire Department

FHWA

The Federal Highway Administration

LPC

New York City Landmarks

Preservation Commission

MOPD

Mayor’s Oce or People

with Disabilities

MTA Metropolitan Transportation Authority

NYCT

New York City Transit, an MTA agency

NYPD

New York City Police Department

NYS DOT

New York State Department

o Transportation

OCPD

Mayor’s Oce o CapitalProject Development

OLTPS

Mayor’s Oce o Long–Term

Planning and Sustainability

OMB

Mayor’s Oce o Management

and Budget

SAPO

The Street Activity Permit Oce

within the New York City Oce

o Citywide Event Coordination

and Management

SBS


Small Business Services

US DOT

U S Department o Transportation

Ancy Aconyms



19

INTrODUCTION Bacound

9th Avenue, Manhattan ater “complete street” improvements

Engineering, planning and urban design best practices over the last ten years

have emphasized a more balanced idea o street design, giving equal weight to

transportation, community, and environmental goals. Practitioners (and the

public) have learned that investment in high–quality street inrastructure can

yield benets well beyond simple mobility: public health, improved physical

environment, and (particularly relevant in lean scal times) economic benets

in the potential or increased residential and commercial property values and

retail activity.

The Street Design Manual builds on the experience o innovation in street

design, materials, and lighting that has developed in New York City and around

the world. It is designed to be a fexible document that will change and grow,

incorporating new treatments as appropriate ater testing. The use and

continued development o the Street Design Manual will assure that New York

City remains a leading innovator in the public realm as it becomes a greater,

greener city.

Practitioners (and thepublic) hae learned thatinestment in high–qualitystreet inrastructure canyield benefts wellbeyond simple mobility.



24

INTrODUCTIONStt Dsin Policy

6

Dsin o Visual ecllnc

Great cities are dened by the visual

quality o their streets. New York

City’s streets should be designed to

the highest aesthetic standards

possible, maintaining consistency

in their character in order to achieve

a coherent and harmonious

streetscape.

o Impov th cohnc o stts

by using consistent materials.

o Consid lon tm maintnanc.

Materials should be selected that

are readily maintained and durable

over an extended period o time.

7

Dsin o Cost–ectivnss

Reconstruction o city streets

requires substantial nancial

resources. The list o worthwhile

projects competing or a limited pool

o unding is extensive. It is thereore

important to ensure that street

designs are cost–eective.

o Consid ull licycl costs and

bnts when developing street

designs. Besides their initial capital

outlays, the measurable long–term

economic, environmental, saety,

health, and other benets o

well–designed, well–managed

streets should be taken into

consideration.

o Dsin stts to mt th city’s

utu nds. Streets are

reconstructed very inrequently.

Consideration o uture conditions

and needs should be part o the

planning process.

o Implmnt a cla and

consistnt dsin viw pocss

to streamline project review.



26

USINg THe MANUAL1.1 Applicability

The Street Design Manual should be used by agency sta, design

proessionals, community groups, and other entities involved in the planning

and design o streets in New York City. The policies and guidelines in the Street

Design Manual should be the oundation o designs or all projects that

signicantly impact public and private streets in New York City. NYC DOT will

review projects or consistency with the manual.

Examples o applicable projects include capital and non–capital projects, such

as street reconstructions and resuracings; operational and trac control

treatments; street work associated with new or renovated buildings; and other

public or private construction projects that include roadways, sidewalks,

and plazas.

The guidance presented in the Street Design Manual does not supersede any

existing ederal, state or city laws, rules, and regulations. All projects remain

subject to relevant statutes, such as the Zoning Resolution o the City o New

York, City Environmental Quality Review (CEQR), and appropriate reviews and

approvals o oversight agencies such as the New York City Design Commission

(DC), Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC), and Oce o Managementand Budget (OMB).

The manual provides assistance in our major areas:

Applicability

Povidin aFamwo o

DsinDcisions

SttinAppopiat goals

o eachPojct

establishina Cla and

Consistnt Dsinrviw

Pocss

Svin asa Cntal,

Comphnsivrnc

guid

Canal Street, Manhattan



27

USINg THe MANUAL 1.2 Oanization

Oanization

Chapt 1: Usin th Manual

Guidelines or incorporating the

manual into the design process.

A Not on

Sustainability Oppotunitis

Many o the design treatments in

this manual include a section entitled

“Sustainability Opportunities,” oering ways to reduce the street’s

environmental impact. For more

detailed design guidance on

sustainable street inrastructure,

including stormwater source controls

(BMPs), readers are directed to DDC’s

High Perormance Inrastructure

Guidelines, the Sustainable Urban

Sites Handbook, and resources listed

in Appendix C.

Chapt 2: gomty

A “toolbox” o geometric street

treatments to enhance saety,

mobility, and sustainability.

Chapt 3: Matials

Specic materials with

recommendations or use and

reerences to appropriate

specications.

Chapt 4: Lihtin

Street and pedestrian lights that

meet energy–eciency, technical,

and visual quality criteria.

Chapt 5: Funitu

Freestanding elements that are part

o NYC DOT’s coordinated street

urniture ranchise and site

urnishings used by other agencies.

glossay

Denitions o requently used terms

and abbreviations.

Appndi A: Dsin Cov Sht

A project summary to accompany

submission o project designs to NYC

DOT and other agencies or review.

Appndi B: guid to Juisdictions

Agency responsibilities or particularstreet operations and inrastructure.

Appndi C: Citations

Reerence to laws, regulations, and

reerence sources.

Appndi D:

DOT Dsin rviw Pocss

A summary o NYC DOT’s streamlined

design review process.

The Street Design Manual is

structured with fe chapters and

our appendices. Chapters 2

through 5 contain the bul o the

manual’s design guidance.



30

USINg THe MANUAL

To assist designers, engineers,

and other users in isualizing the

“big picture”— how the manual’s

indiidual design treatments can

be combined to respond toarying planning contets — fe

generalized “street typologies”

are described below, ollowed by

two illustratie eamples o how

arious elements rom the

manual can be combined.

Stt Typolois

Most jurisdictions in the United

States categorize their streets into

“unctional classications” based on

vehicular access and mobility needs.

Some states and cities go beyond

such classications to categorize

streets into broader “typologies” thatrespond not only to the context o the

vehicular network, but also to other

networks (such as transit and bicycle),

land uses, and environmental actors.

Such categorizations are intended to

provide a simplied planning

ramework to expedite the street

design process.

Due to the complexity and limited

right–o–way o its street network,

New York City does not currently

assign streets into such typologies.

However, the ve generalized street

typologies that ollow show that the

design o a street can be considered

in a comprehensive way. Some, like a

Boulevard treatment, have been used

widely in New York City and around

the world; other innovative designs

such as a slow street have been used

successully elsewhere, but have not

yet been adopted in New York City.

1.3 Th Plannin Pocss

Most streets are and will continue

to be variations o the prevalent

General Street design — one or more

roadways open to mixed trac with

sidewalks and curbs. This type o

street provides great fexibility,

allowing or streets o varying designs

and operating characteristics throughsuch parameters as design speed;

one–way versus two–way operation;

number and width o moving and

parking lanes; use o medians, curb

extensions, and other geometric

eatures; provision o exclusive or

preerential acilities or buses and

bicyclists; and street material and

urniture selections.



32

USINg THe MANUAL

Tokyo, Japan (Credit: Rob Ketcherside)

1.3 Th Plannin Pocss

Slow Stt

A local street which makes extensive use o trac–

calming measures to discourage vehicular through–trac,

reduce vehicle speeds, and green and beautiy the

streetscape, creating a comortable environment orbicycling and walking.

Sometimes called “bicycle boulevards” or “Home Zones”,

Slow Streets are especially well–suited to local residential

streets and streets adjacent to schools.

Typical Tatmnts

o Mixed Roadway

o Sidewalks

o Reduced Speed Limit

o Gateways and Curb Extensions

o Trac Diverters

o Neighborhood Trac Circles

o Individual Tree Pits/Connected Tree Pits

o Greenstreets/Planted Areas

o Unit Paver Roadway

o Standard Sidewalk and Curb Materials

Oth Common Tatmnts

o Shared Street

o Raised Intersections

o Street Swales

o Distinctive Crosswalk Materials

o Unit Paver Sidewalk

o Granite Curb

Fulton Mall, Brooklyn

Tansit Stt

A street or exclusive or near–exclusive surace transit

(bus) use or where transit operations are given priority.

Transit streets are streets where private vehicles havelimited or no access, and bus use is prioritized. Delivery

access may be allowed at all times or in o–hours, and

bicyclists are sometimes allowed to share the bus lanes.

Transit streets oten emphasize urban design and transit–

supportiveness by including outdoor seating, landscaping,

attractive street materials, and well–designed bus queuing

areas and o–board are collection. These measures help

create an appealing street environment in the presence o

high numbers o buses.

Typical Tatmnts

o Mixed Roadway (vehicle access completely or

mostly limited to buses)

o Bus Lane/Busway

o Sidewalks

o Individual Tree Pits/Connected Tree Pits

o Concrete or Unit Paver Roadway

o Tinted Concrete and/or Exposed Aggregate Sidewalk

o Standard Curb Materials

Oth Common Tatmnts

o Curb Extensions

o Gateways

o Medians

o Greenstreets/Planted Areas

o Unit Paver Sidewalk or Furnishing Zone



35

O N L Y

B U S

USINg THe MANUAL 1.3 Th Plannin Pocss

Pedestrian Ramps

Furnishing Zone

with Square Paers

Trafc Signal Median Barrier with

Bie Channel

Bus Bulb with

Bus Shelter

Bie Lane

Curb Etension

with Bicycle Paring

Raised CrossingUntinted Concrete(Residential District)



37

USINg THe MANUAL 1.3 Th Plannin Pocss

Mid–Bloc Narrowing with

Raised Speed Reducer

Street Swale

Ribbon Sidewal

with Street Swale

Plain Concrete

(Residential District)

Raised Intersection



42

USINg THe MANUAL1.5 Intation into Pojct Dvlopmnt

Use by Community Boards,

Elected Ofcials, Community

Groups, and the Public

While the Street Design Manual

gives planning and design guidance

or government agencies and theirconsultants, it is also intended to be

a resource or the general public.

The manual can assist neighborhood

groups and elected ocials in

planning more eectively or their

communities.

Idntiy Pojct goals

Q. What a th ovall oals and

pioitis o th city in dsinin

its stts?

What a th oals o th community

o th pojct? How can th manual

hlp aliz thm?

A. Reer to the Street Design Policy

(Introduction) or an overview o

general policies and priorities or

designing streets.

Reer to the Street Design Checklist

(previous section) or key

considerations in setting project

goals.

Maintnanc Patns

Q. What a th appopiat ans

o dsin tatmnts that may b

considd o paticula Nw Yo

City stts o nihbohoods?

Which tatmnts qui a

maintnanc patn om th

community?

What is th maintnanc capacity o

th community?

What is quid o maintnanc

patns?

A. Reer to Chapters 2–5 (Geometry,

Materials, Lighting, and Furniture) tounderstand the dierent design

treatments that can be used, or

general guidance on when and how

they should be used, and or any

requirements or maintenance

partners rom the community.

Timlin

Q. How can th quality o pojcts

and spd o dlivy b impovd?

How can tim–consumin dsin

chans lat in th dvlopmnt

pocss b avoidd?

A. Use o the manual early on and

throughout the project development

process can help the public and

government interact more eciently

and eectively, potentially speeding

approvals and implementation.

rulatin Ancis and Laws

Q. What ancis hav juisdiction

ov a paticula pojct and how

will thy b involvd in th plannin,

discussion and valuation o th

pojct?

A. Reer to Appendix B or clarication

on which agencies have responsibility

or jurisdiction over dierent elements

o the street design, such as

approvals, permits and maintenance.

Q. What laws, ulations, and

dsin uidanc soucs should th

public b mad awa to bcom

amilia with th stt dsin

pocss?

A. Reer to Appendix C or a reerence

on laws, regulations, and design

guidance sources that are requently

relevant in designing streets.

145th Street, Queens



43

gomty2 2.0 Intoduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

2.1 roadways & Lans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

2.1.1 Mied Roadway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

2.1.2 Bie Lanes & Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

2.1.a Bie Lane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

b Bie Path. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

2.1.3 Bus Lanes & Busways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

a Bus Lane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

b Busway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

2.1.4 Shared Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

2.2 Sidwals & Mdians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

2.2.1 Sidewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

a Full Sidewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

b Ribbon Sidewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

2.2.2 Curb Etension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

a Curb Etension with Greenstreet/Plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

b Curb Etension with Community Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69c Bus Bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

d Mid–Bloc Narrowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2.2.3 Median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

2.2.4 Median Saety Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

2.3 Tac Calmin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

2.3.1 Raised Speed Reducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

a Speed Cushion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

2.3.2 Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

2.3.3 Trafc Dierters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

a Median Barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

b Forced Turn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81c Diagonal Dierter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

d Hal Closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

e Full Closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

2.3.4 Chicane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

2.3.5 Neighborhood Trafc Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

2.3.6 Roundabout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

2.3.7 Raised Crossing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

2.3.8 Raised Intersection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

2.4 Stt Ts & Plantins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2

2.4.1 Tree Pits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

a Indiidual Tree Pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95b Connected Tree Pits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

c Stormwater–Capturing Tree Pits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

2.4.2 Greenstreet/Planted Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

2.4.3 Street Swale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99



4848

geometry : roadways & lanes

roadways & Lans

geOMeTrY 2.1 roadways & Lans



53

geOMeTrY: rOADWAYS & LANeS 2.1.2b Spaatd Bi Path

Two–way bike path located outside the sidewalk: Columbia Street, Brooklyn

Two–way bike path separated with landscaped median: Canal Street, Manhattan

Dsin

See design guidance or BIkE LANES &

PATHS (2.1.2)

Care must be given to the design o

bike paths at intersections and

driveways to maintain visibility o the

bicyclist to motorists (and vice–versa)

and to reduce the risk o turningconficts with motor vehicles

In some circumstances (e.g., long

paths along open space or waterront)

paths can be designed or shared–

use by bicyclists, pedestrians,

skaters, wheelchair users, and other

non–motorized users (“a shared–use

path”) rather than as a separate bike

path and SIDEWALk (2.2.1)

I designed as a shared–use path,

provide adequate space appropriate

to anticipated volumes o low–speed

users (pedestrians) and higher–speed

users (bicyclists) so as to provide sae

and comortable accommodation o

both and minimize conficts between

the two

Design MEDIANS that separate bike

paths according to the MEDIAN

section (2.2.3)


See sustainability opportunities or

BIkE LANES & PATHS

I a separated bike path uses

medians, see Sustainability

Opportunities or MEDIANS



56

geOMeTrY: rOADWAYS & LANeS2.1.3 Bus Lans & Busways

Bus Lans & Busways

USAge: LIMITeD

A dedicated on–street acility

or buses.

BUS LANES are delineated within the

roadway with markings (2.1.3a) while

BUSWAYS are physically separated

rom trac or most o their length

(2.1.3b). Both acility types can either

be designed to run along the median

o the street or along the outside

(curbside or interior to a parking lane)

o the street.

Bnts

Improves bus speeds and reliability

by separating buses rom potential

congestion in mixed trac and

reducing or eliminating their need

to merge in and out o trac at

bus stopsProvides means or emergency

vehicles to bypass trac

Considations

I curbside, may result in loss o

curbside parking

Application

Streets with high bus volumes or Bus

Rapid Transit (BRT) and moderate to

high trac congestionConsider on all streets with high bus

volumes or BRT and adequate space,

regardless o congestion

Avoid on streets where the roadway

geometry prevents the sae operation

o a BUS LANE OR BUSWAY in

conjunction with other necessary

uses o the roadway

Dsin

BUS LANES & BUS WAYS can be locatedimmediately adjacent to the curb

(curb bus lane or busway), adjacent to

the righthand parking lane (interior

bus lane), or in the middle o a

road with boarding island stations

(median bus lane or busway)

All BUS LANE & BU SWAY types can

be one or two lanes per direction

based on bus volume, operating

characteristics, and road width;

one lane per direction is a more

common treatment

A median BUS LANE or BUSWAY

should be considered on two–way

streets when sucient right–o–way

is available to accommodate the bus

acility and the associated boarding

islands, and the operation o the

busway (including pedestrian

movements) can be saely managed

For median bus lane or busway

designs, boarding platorms must be

included or bus passengers at bus

stops; these islands can also unction

as MEDIAN SAFETY ISLANDS (2.2.4)

For median bus lane or busway

designs, let turns across the busacility should either be prohibited or

provided a protected signal phase

Use an interior bus lane when parking

needs to be maintained; stops can be

made at the curb or at BUS BULBS

(2.2.2c)

Use a curb–aligned bus lane or

busway when right–o–way may be

constrained or a median acility

cannot be operated saely and where

parking impacts can be managedFor curb–aligned designs, curbside

deliveries can be accommodated

with, lay–bys, and reserved

commercial loading around the

corner, e.g., delivery windows, delivery

All BUS LANE & BU SWAY designs can

accommodate one or two directions

o bus trac. Special care must be

paid to the signalization and design o

intersections so as to not introduce

turning confictsConsider queue–jump lanes or

buses where buses need to merge

with mixed trac, where the roadway

width reduces (such as at the end o a

bus lane, a roadway choke point, or a

bridge or tunnel approach), and at turn

priority locations

For improved roadway longevity, a

concrete roadway should be

considered or BUS LANES & BUS WAYS

when conditions permit


Utilize paving with a high SRI value

within bus lane or busway unless

red–colored pavement is to be used

as per 2.1.3a

Utilize recycled content in paving

materials

Red, curb–aligned, on–street busway with “sot separation” rom trac:34th Street, Manhattan



60

geOMeTrY: rOADWAYS & LANeS2.1.4 Shad Stt

Depending on the specic land uses,

width, vehicle and pedestrian volumes

and other access and operational

characteristics o the street, a shared

street may not be appropriate, in

which case consideration should be

given to a standard MIxED ROADWAY

with alternative design options such

as traditional trac calming and/or a

mid-block crossing

Consider as an alternative a ully

pedestrianized street when pedestrian

volumes are high, vehicle volumes are

low and vehicle access is not required

during daytime hours

Dsin

Sidewalks and curbs should not be

used, but accessible path(s) must beprovided as per ADA guidelines

In the absence o curbs, special

attention should be given to providing

adequate drainage

Vehicle–ree, accessible routes must

be provided or the visually impaired

Design should utilize whatever

horizontal, vertical, and material

treatments are necessary to

encourage vehicle speeds that are low(15 mph or lower) throughout, whether

or not pedestrians are present

Use GATEWAY (2.3.2) or similar

treatments and proper signage at

entries to discourage through-trac,

indicate the change in street

environment, and slow entering

vehicles

Institute a reduced speed limit (New

York State VTL Section 1642(a)(26)

(a) currently allows as low as 15mph)along with the physical trac calming

o the shared street

Attractive street materials,

urnishings and other objects within

the street can be used to alert drivers

and emphasize the pedestrian

orientation o the space, subject to

permits, maintenance agreements,

or revocable consents as required

Maximize street trees

Include planted areas and stormwater

source controls within the roadway

wherever possible

Staggered sections o parking or

loading zones can be used as a design

option to constrict wider streets

To maintain the streetscape elements

required or creating a low–speed

environment and ostering a vibrant

public space, careul attention must

be paid to proper programming and

management o the space, with the

participation o an active maintenance

partner where appropriate

Pedestrian–priority zone: Fordham Plaza, The Bronx

Shared intersection: Seven Dials, London (Credit: Aaron Naparstek/streetsblog.org)(Note: For illustrative purposes only)


Minimize impervious paved areas

and utilize permeable paving

wherever possible

Maximize trees and other green cover

Utilize stormwater source controls

wherever easible

Increase SRI value o paved suraces

to reduce urban heat island impact


materials

Coordinate streetscape/utility work

to minimize street cuts



62

geOMeTrY: SIDeWALkS & MeDIANS

Sidewalk with standard paving treatment:11th Avenue, Manhattan

2.2.1 Sidwal

Sidwal

USAge: WIDe

That portion o a street, whether

paed or unpaed, between the

curb lines or the lateral lines o aroadway and the adjacent

property lines intended or the

use o pedestrians. Where it is not

clear which section is intended

or the use o pedestrians, the

sidewal will be deemed to be that

portion o the street between

the building line and the curb.

In denser areas a FULL SIDEWALk (2.2.1a) reaching all the way to the

curb is used, while in less built–up

areas a RIBBON SIDEWALk (2.2.1b),

with a vegetated or grass planting

strip between the sidewalk and

the roadway, can oten be used.

Bnts

Facilitates relatively speedy and

unobstructed pedestrian movement,

ree o vehicle conficts except at

intersections and driveways

Can provide space or “staying”

activities such as relaxing, shopping,

eating, and socializing, with adequate

width

Application

Streets that are not SHARED STREETS

(2.1.4) or pedestrian–only, except in

certain historic districts as per LPC

Ribbon sidewalks are appropriate in

R1–R6 zoning districts; ull sidewalks

are used elsewhere

Dsin

Sidewalks should always be provided

on both sides o the street roadway

A park's internal path located near a

roadway does not substitute or a

sidewalk

Sidewalks (and planting strip, i

applicable) should be as wide as

possible appropriate to oot trac

and available street width

Sidewalks must conorm to ADA

requirements or minimum clear path

width and provision o spaces where

wheelchair users can pass one

another or turn around; beyond the

ADA minimum, provide an

unobstructed clear path o 8 eet or

one–hal the sidewalk width

(whichever is greater)

Sidewalk cross–slope can be

2% maximum, or a width o at

least 5 eet

Sidewalks must meet load–bearing,

riction, and other requirements as

per relevant standard specications

and regulations

ADA–compliant pedestrian ramps

must be provided at all pedestrian

crossings; separate ramps should be

used aligned with each crosswalk;

color o detectable warning strip

should contrast with surrounding

pavement: dark gray in areas o

light pavement and white in areas

o dark pavement

The area within 18 inches o the curb

should be kept ree o all obstructions

New York City Mayor’s Executive

Order No.22 o 1995 (the “Clear

Corner Policy”) states that to the

maximum extent possible,

structures and objects should not be

placed in the corner and the corner

quadrant

For recommended clearances

between obstructions, see Revocable

Consent Rules (RCNY Title 34,

Chapter 7), Section 7–06(c)(5)), NYCDOT Highway Rules (RCNY Title 34,

Chapter 2, Section 2–10) and DCA’s

rules regarding newsstands (RCNY

Title 6, Chapter 2, Subchapter G)

Maximize street trees

Include planted areas and stormwater

source controls within sidewalks

wherever possible when a

maintenance partner is identied

I work includes tree planting,

consider the location o utility

inrastructure, including NYC DEP

sewers and water mains




wherever possible


whenever clearance allows


wherever easible

Increase SRI value o sidewalk

materials to reduce urban heat island

impact

Utilize recycled content in

paving materials





63

geOMeTrY: SIDeWALkS & MeDIANS 2.2.1a Full Sidwal

Sidwal:

Full Sidwal

USAge: WIDe

A ull sidewal accommodates

both pedestrian trafc and

a range o street urnishings

and ftures.

The area o the sidewalk closest to

the curb, where light poles, signs,

re hydrants, telephone booths,

newspaper boxes, etc., are typically

located, is reerred to as the

“urnishing zone” (see section 3.4).

Bnts

See benets o sidewalk (2.2.1)

Provides increased space or

pedestrian movement and improved

curbside access as compared to a

ribbon sidewalk (2.2.1b)

Application

See application guidance or

sidewalk

Dsin

See design guidance or sidewalk



sidewalk

Sidewalk corner quadrant with pedestrian ramps: West 110th Street, Manhattan

Sidewalk: Seventh Avenue, Brooklyn (Credit: NYC DCP)



69

geOMeTrY: SIDeWALkS & MeDIANS 2.2.2b Cub etnsion with Community Facilitis

Cub etnsion:

Cub etnsion withCommunity Facilitis

USAge: WIDe

A CUrB exTeNSION that proides

space or community acilities

such as bicycle paring, seating,

and other street urniture.

In areas with inadequate sidewalk

width to accommodate needed

unctional sidewalk elements or the

community, the extra space provided

by a curb extension can be used or

bike parking, seating, public art,

gardens, plantings, or trees, alone or

in combination.

Similarly, all paved curb extensions

can also provide space or consolidating

basic sidewalk urnishings such as

trash cans, newspaper racks,

newsstands, and light or signal poles,

where oot trac permits.

Bnts

Provides saety and trac

calming benets as described in

CURB ExTENSION (2.2.2)

Provides space or unctional

sidewalk elements outside o the

sidewalk clear path, reeing sidewalk

space or movement

Improves the public realm and creates

useul public space, particularly in

areas where public open space is in

short supply

Allows limited street space to

serve multiple unctions, thereby

increasing the perormance o

street inrastructure

Considations

Permits, revocable consents, and/or

maintenance agreements may be

required or certain elements

Bike racks must be standard NYC

DOT design unless a permit is

obtained rom NYC DOT

Application


CURB ExTENSION

Areas without sidewalk crowding

where demand exists or the

community acilities and a committed

partner is willing to maintain any

elements that require maintenance,

such as seating; a maintenancepartner is not needed or a NYC DOT

bike rack

Dsin

See design guidance or

CURB ExTENSION



CURB ExTENSION

Curb extension with trees and bike parking: 46th Street, Queens

Curb extension with bike parking:North 7th Street, Brooklyn



74

geOMeTrY: SIDeWALkS & MeDIANS2.2.4 Mdian Saty Island

Bnts

Enhances pedestrian saety and

accessibility by reducing crossing

distances and providing reuge or

pedestrians to cross road in stages

Calms trac, especially let turns and

through–movements, by narrowing

roadway at intersection

Reduces risk o vehicle let–turn andhead–on collisions at intersection

Can green and beautiy the

streetscape with trees and/or

vegetation, potentially including

stormwater source controls

Trees increase the visibility o the

island, thereby usually improving

saety

Considations

May impact underground utilities

Landscaping or stormwater source

controls require a partner or ongoing

maintenance

Application

See application guidance

or MEDIAN (2.2.3)

Dsin

See design guidance or MEDIAN

Typical island accommodates two

street trees and, where appropriate,

bell bollards


See sustainability opportunities

or MEDIAN

Mdian Saty Island

USAge: WIDe

A raised area located at

crosswals that seres as

pedestrian reuge separatingtrafc lanes or directions,

particularly on wide roadways.

Also nown as a "median reuge

island" and "green reuge island."

Used at pedestrian crossings

when a ull MeDIAN is not easible.

A median saety island coners most

o the same benets as ull MEDIANS

at pedestrian crossings. Full MEDIANS

should be used rather than median

saety islands wherever possible.

Median saety island with landscaping and tree: Empire Boulevard, Brooklyn

Median saety island: Vanderbilt Avenue, Brooklyn



78

geOMeTrY: TrAFFIC CALMINg2.3.2 gatway

gatway

USAge: LIMITeD

A combination o trafc–calming

and isual measures used at the

entrance to a low–speed streetto slow entering ehicles and

discourage through–trafc.

Useul at all roadway transitions

to slower–speed environments,

gateways are especially suited to

entrances to residential side

streets and SHARED STREETS.

The design elements o a gateway

can include CURB ExTENSIONS (2.2.2),

a RAISED CROSSING (2.3.7) or

driveway treatment, a MEDIAN (2.2.3),

landscaping or trees, and community

acilities such as seating and

public art.

Bnts

Decreases vehicular speeds and

discourages through–trac without

blocking or prohibiting vehicularaccess

Demarcates transitions to low–

speed, SHARED STREET (2.1.4). or

pedestrian–oriented areas

Provides pedestrians with priority

movement across the treated leg o

the intersection

Considations

May impact street drainage or require

catch basin relocation


May require loss o curbside parking

in some cases

Community acilities typically

necessitate the presence o a

maintenance partner

Many community acilities and

sidewalk items require a permit or

revocable consent rom the city

I gateway includes a RAISED

CROSSING (2.3.7), snow plows must

be given advance warning

Application

Entrances to SHARED STREETS

Consider at entrances to streets with

low vehicle volumes or speeds rom

streets with high vehicle volumes or

speeds

Dsin

Include at a minimum CURB

ExTENSIONS (2.2.2) to narrow the

roadway; preerably, verticaldefection should also be created

using a RAISED CROSSING or ramped

driveway treatment; i the street is

two–way, a MEDIAN (2.2.3) or MEDIAN

SAFETY ISLAND (2.2.4) can be

included, space permitting

Other design elements can “narrow” a

street visually, including plantings,

public art, bicycle parking, and

community acilities such as seating

I work includes tree planting,consider the location o utility




I gateway includes CURB

ExTENSIONS, see sustainability

opportunities or CURB ExTENSIONS

Gateway to residential street including Greenstreets: Mulry Square, Manhattan

Gateway at transition rom local residentialstreet: Prospect Place, Brooklyn



81

geOMeTrY: TrAFFIC CALMINg 2.3.3b Focd Tun

Tac Divts:

Focd Tun

USAge: LIMITeD

An island or sidewal etension

at the approach to an intersection

that preents let or right turns

and through–moements rom

the intersecting street.

Like other trac islands and sidewalk

extensions, a orced turn can include

plantings or other design eatures.

Bnts

See benets or TRAFFIC DIvERTERS

(2.3.3)

Enhances saety at intersection by

reducing potential vehicle movements

and conficts, particularly let turns

Reduces risk o motorists running a

red light or stop sign when

approaching rom side street

Enhances pedestrian saety and

accessibility by reducing crossing

distances and providing reuge or

pedestrians to cross road in stages

Application


TRAFFIC DIvERTERS

Two–way local streets at their

intersections with one–way streets

or with two–way streets on whicha MEDIAN BARRIER (2.3.3a) is

not possible

Dsin

See design guidance or

TRAFFIC DIvERTERS



TRAFFIC DIvERTERS

Forced turn with bike channel: Berkeley, Caliornia (Credit: Jessica Roberts)(Note: or illustrative purposes only)

Forced turn: Riverside, Caliornia (Credit: Ryan Snyder)



87

geOMeTrY: TrAFFIC CALMINg 2.3.5 Nihbohood Tac Cicl

Dsin

Design speeds or movement around

the circle should be 10 to 15 mph;

exit speeds should be limited to 15

mph through the circle’s design

wherever possible

Use signs within the center island andrefective paint on the curb to improve

center island visibility, refective

Include street tree(s) wherever

possible; include planted areas when

a maintenance partner is identied

A protective apron o concrete or

textured pavement may be provided

around the circle to accommodate

wide–turning vehicles; where extreme

geometric constraints exist and truck

volumes are low, trucks may beaccommodated by use o a ully

mountable roundabout island

Use small curb radii where right

turns are made

Install “Keep Right” or similar signs

directing drivers to proceed to the

right around the circle through the

intersection






Minimize impervious paved areas and

utilize permeable paving wherever

possible

Locate trees and/or plantings within

neighborhood trac circle island

Maximize permeable surace o

neighborhood trac circle island,

e.g., with vegetation, permeablepaving, or both

Design any planted areas within

neighborhood trac circle island so

as to capture stormwater according

to current standards

Neighborhood trac circle with landscaping: Vancouver, Canada (Credit: Richard Drdul)(Note: or illustrative purposes only)



91

geOMeTrY: TrAFFIC CALMINg 2.3.8 raisd Intsction

Bnts

Vertical defection at entry to

intersection encourages reduced

vehicle speeds

Improves drivers’ awareness o

presence o crossings

Visually turns intersection into a

pedestrian–oriented zone

Considations



Snow plows must be given advance

warning

Application

Stop–controlled intersections with a

high volume o pedestrian crossings

and low target vehicle speeds

(e.g., 25 mph or below)

Stop–controlled intersections with ahistory o pedestrian accidents or

speeding issues

Stop–controlled intersections where

enhancing pedestrian movement is a

major goal, such as transit stops or

commercial areas

Avoid on truck routes and at other

locations where RAISED SPEED

REDUCERS (2.3.1) are not appropriate

Dsin

Slope o entrance ramps or

motorized trac can be steep or

shallow, depending on target speeds

Use enhanced, high–visibility street

materials to urther draw attention

to raised intersection




wherever possible



wherever easible

Increase SRI value o paved suraces

to reduce urban heat island impact


materials



raisd Intsction

USAge: PILOT

An entire intersection raised

aboe the leel o the

surrounding roadways.

The intersection is typically raised

to sidewalk height.

Raised Intersection: Cambridge, Massachusetts

Raised intersection: Cologne, Germany (Credit: Aaron Naparstek)(Note: or illustrative purposes only)

Raised intersection: London, UK (Note: or illustrative purposes only)



96

geOMeTrY: STreeT TreeS & PLANTINgS2.4.1b Connctd T Pits

T Pits:

Connctd T Pits

USAge: LIMITeD

A series o tree pits connected

with a continuous trench in order

to proide increased root space

and stormwater detention.

The trench o connected tree pits

should be let uncovered (and,

optionally, landscaped) to improve

tree root health. However, in areas o

heavy pedestrian volumes and limited

sidewalk space, the trench can be

bridged by sidewalk slabs supported

either by structural soil or a

subsurace rame system.

Bnts

See benets o TREE PITS (2.4.1)

Provides greater space or tree roots

than INDIvIDUAL TREE PITS (2.4.1a),

improving tree health and longevity

In areas where a RIBBON SIDEWALk

(2.2.1b) is inappropriate, connected

tree pits provide many o the same

benets

Additional soil provides increased

stormwater detention capacity over

INDIvIDUAL TREE PITS

Considations

See considerations or TREE PITS

Application


TREE PITS

Whenever possible in lieu o

INDIvIDUAL TREE PITS

Consider RIBBON SIDEWALk as

an alternative in areas o low–to–

moderate land use density as per

its application guidance and

zoning requirements

Dsin

See design guidance or TREE PITS

Where sidewalk coverage is

necessary (areas o high oot trac,

limited sidewalk space, or requent

curbside access), the sidewalk slab or

permeable pavers can be bridged

over the tree pit trench using

structural soil or a subsurace rame

system to increase soil volume



TREE PITS

Connected tree pits with permeable paver–covered trench: Columbia Street, Brooklyn

Connected tree pits with uncovered trench:West Houston Street, Manhattan



97

geOMeTrY: STreeT TreeS & PLANTINgS 2.4.1c Stomwat–Captuin T Pit(s

Bnts

See benets o TREE PITS (2.4.1)

May improve tree health and reduce

sidewalk heaving by providing

increased water to treeAdopting eective stormwater–

capturing tree pit designs on a

wide–scale basis could reduce

stormwater volumes entering the

sewer system during storms

Considations

See considerations or TREE PITS

Careul consideration must be given

to design and overfow control

Application


TREE PITS

Pilot implementations can be pursued

in partnership with NYC DPR or

another maintenance partner

Use connected stormwater–

capturing tree pits as an alternative

to individual stormwater–capturing

tree pits wherever easible

Use RIBBON SIDEWALk (2.2.1b)

and STREET SWALE (2.4.3) instead

o STORMWATER–CAPTURING TREE

PITS in areas o low–to–moderate

land use density as per their

application guidance

Dsin

See design guidance or TREE PITS

Special care must be given to the

siting o stormwater–capturing tree

pits; i superior sub–drainage doesn’t

exist and overfow drains are notused, tree plantings may ail

Stormwater–capturing CONNECTED

TREE PITS (2.4.1b) should be used

wherever easible instead o

INDIvIDUAL TREE PITS (2.4.1a)



TREE PITS

T Pits:

Stomwat–Captuin T Pit(s)

USAge: PILOT

An INDIVIDUAL Tree PIT or

CONNeCTeD Tree PITS designed to

capture stormwater rom the

adjacent roadway.

I designed well, stormwater–

capturing tree pits could benet tree

health by increasing the amount o

water the tree receives and reducing

the need or manual watering. The

design o the pit is crucial to tree

health; stormwater should be ltered

through an appropriate soil mixture.

Stormwater–capturing tree pit with plantings: San Francisco(Credit: San Francisco Planning Department)

Stormwater–capturing tree pit with plantings:Wellington, NZ (Credit: NYC DCP)(Note: or illustrative purposes only



99

geOMeTrY: STreeT TreeS & PLANTINgS 2.4.3 Stt Swal

Bnts

Provides superior stormwater

detention rom sidewalk and street

Permits greening o the streetscape

Beauties neighborhood streets, i

well–maintained

Considations




Street swales require an ongoing

partner or such maintenance

activities as vegetation replacement,

debris and garbage removal, and

clearing o sediment and debris rom

any drainage structures

Careul consideration must be given

to design, overfow control, and plant

species

ApplicationConsider in areas o lower–density

land use where a RIBBON SIDEWALk

(2.2.1b) would be appropriate in

partnership with NYC DPR or another

maintenance partner

Consider along parks and open space

Avoid in areas o high oot trac or

curbside activity

Stt Swal

USAge: PILOT

A egetated depression running

alongside the road into which

stormwater is directed.

The unction o a street swale is both

to detain stormwater — allowing it to

inltrate the soil — and to convey any

overfow into the sewer system. As

long as plant species are chosen that

can tolerate periodic fooding and

salt, street swales can also beautiy

the street. They typically require a

maintenance entity to clean and

occasionally unclog the swale and

drains. Dsin

Special care must be given to

the siting o street swale based on

subsurace conditions and

inltration rates

Should be at least 10 eet rom

building oundations

Should be between 5– and 10–eet

wide with a 2–oot fat bottom

where possible

Longitudinal slope should not begreater than 5%

To help sustain plant health, plants

used in a street swale must be

comprised o species that require low

maintenance and can tolerate salt,

requent inundation, and periods o

drought






Maximize size o swale while

adequately accommodating

pedestrian movement and curbside

access needs, through fush or cut

curbs and other design elements

Street swale: Church Street at 35th Street and 14th Avenue, Brooklyn

Street swale: Eugene, Oregon

Street swale: Church Street at 35th Street and14th Avenue, Brooklyn



101

Matials33.0 Intoduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

3.1 roadways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

3.1.1 Asphaltic Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

a Imprinted Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

b High Albedo Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

c Porous Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

3.1.2 Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

3.1.3 Granite Bloc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

a Modular Cobblestones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

3.1.4 Interlocing Permeable Concrete or Asphalt Paers . . . . . . . . . . . 115

3.2 Cosswals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

3.2.1 Granite Paers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

3.2.2 Thermoplastic Imprinting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

3.3 Sidwals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

3.3.1 Untinted Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

a Tinted Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121b Tinted Concrete with Eposed Light–Colored Aggregate . . . . . . 122

c Tinted Concrete with Silicon Carbide Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

d Sand–Colored Concrete with Eposed Aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

e Porous Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

London Paers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

3.3.2 Mastic Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

3.3.3 Heagonal Asphalt Paers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

3.3.4 Bluestone Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

3.3.5 Granite Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

3.3.6 Rubber Paers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

3.4 Sidwal Funishin Zons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1323.4.1 Granite Bloc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

b Concrete Cobbles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

c Modular Cobblestones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

3.4.2 Square Asphalt or Concrete Paers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136

3.4.3 Concrete with Eposed Glass Aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

3.5 Cubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

3.5.1 Untinted Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

a Tinted Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

b Integral Concrete Curb and Gutter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

3.5.2 Granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

3.6 Plazas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

3.6.1 Imprinted Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

3.6.2 Heagonal Concrete Paers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

3.6.3 Decoratie Grael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

a Resin–Bound Grael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147



104

MATerIALS

About this Chapt

This chapter identies attractive and

practical materials or use at

recommended locations.

Usa Catois

The materials have been divided

into our categories: wide use or

“standard” application, limited use

or “optional” application, “historic”

landmark application, and “pilot”

application.

Projects utilizing the standard

materials in the identied contexts

will generally only require a permit

rom NYC DOT. Optional materials

will receive expedited review but will

generally require a maintenanceagreement. Paving materials not

included in this manual may be

proposed but are discouraged and will

require ull design and engineering

review rom the Design Commission

and NYC DOT and will require a

maintenance agreement.

Standad

Material is required in specied

context(s) unless a distinctive

treatment is approved by NYC DOTand the Design Commission.

Optional

Material is permitted or use in

specied context(s), pending city

review. Optional materials require

approval rom the Design Commission

beore being installed.

Histoic

Material is subject to the

requirements o the New York City

Landmarks Preservation Commission.

Pilot Usa

Materials with sustainable properties

that will be tested prior to

classication in uture editions o this

manual either as standard or optional.

Nw Sidwal Standads o

Commcial Disticts

Pending regulatory change, sidewalks

abutting properties in certain

commercial districts shall be

constructed o Tinted Concrete

(3.3.1a). The aected sidewalks will

be in commercial districts C4–4

through C4–7, C5 and C6, as dened

in the Zoning Resolution o the City o

New York (see map on opposite page).

As such, any sidewalk installation or

replacement constituting 50% or

more o the total square ootage o

the sidewalk abutting a property

located in the aorementioned

commercial districts will be required

to use the new sidewalk standard.

Spcication Soucs

The recommendations in this chapter

supplement rather than replace

existing engineering standards.

Readers are directed to the sources

noted below, those listed in Appendix

C, and any applicable resources.

Detailed inormation on the

specications or standard materials

is contained in the NYC DOT/DDC

Standard Highway Specications.Typical construction details are

provided in the NYC DOT Standard

Details o Construction. Inormation

regarding standard procedures and

approval requirements is provided in

the Instructions or Filing Plans and

Guidelines or the Design o

Sidewalks, Curbs, Roadways and

Other Inrastructure Components.

The design guidance described

here does not supersede any existing

ederal, state or local laws, rules, and

regulations. All projects remain

subject to relevant statutes, such as

the Zoning Resolution o the City o

New York, City Environmental

Quality Review (CEQR) and

appropriate reviews and approvals

o oversight agencies.

Intoduction

3.0 Intoduction



106

MATerIALS

Applicability and ecptions

All new projects that signicantly

impact public and private streets

should ollow these guidelines. NYC

DOT approval will be based on site

specic conditions and cost–eective

engineering standards and judgment,

with the saety o all street users being

o paramount importance.

Sidwal rviws and Appovals

Installation o sidewalk associated

with new building construction is

coordinated by the Department o

Buildings through the Builder’s

Pavement Plan. For other installations

o new sidewalk, property owners or

constructing entities must le a

Sidewalk, Curb & Roadway Application(SCARA) with NYC DOT. All treatments

in ”optional” or ”pilot” usage categories

also require the ling o a Distinctive

Sidewalk Application and receiving o

approval rom the Design Commission

beore being installed. For more

inormation on sidewalk permits,

reviews, and approvals, download the

Instructions or Filing Plans and

Guidelines or the Design o Sidewalks,

Curbs, Roadways and Other

Inrastructure Components at nyc.gov/streetdesignmanual. For urther

inormation, please contact the

NYC DOT Bureau o Permit

Management & Construction Control.

For contact inormation visit nyc.gov/

dot or call 311.

The Design Commission reviews

distinctive sidewalks or their aesthetic

impact on the streetscape. A sidewalk

is considered distinctive i it deviates

rom that neighborhood’s standard,

which in most cases is Department o

Transportation grey concrete with a

5–by–5–oot scoring pattern, but can

include cobble or granite block in areas

where the historic abric remains

intact. Designs or distinctive

sidewalks in ront o existing buildings

are submitted through the NYC DOT.

Designs or distinctive sidewalks that

are part o new construction projects

are submitted through the Department

o Buildings. For more inormation,

please visit the Design Commission’s

website at nyc.gov or call 311.

Maintnanc Amnts

Each treatment in this chapter has a

statement indicating whether or not

the material requires a maintenance

agreement beore being installed. This

agreement requires that the adjacent

property owner, installing entity, or

some other entity will generally be

responsible or maintaining that

material and providing appropriate

insurance. For sidewalks and curbing,the constructing entity must le a

Distinctive Sidewalk Improvement

Maintenance Agreement with the NYC

DOT Bureau o Permit Management &

Construction Control. For other

materials requiring maintenance

agreements — such as roadbeds,

urnishing zones and plazas —

proposals should rst be reviewed

with the appropriate NYC DOT

Borough Commissioner. Contact

inormation or NYC DOT Borough

Commissioners can be ound at

nyc.gov/dot or by calling 311.

3.0 Intoduction



109

MATerIALS: rOADWAYS 3.1.1a Impintd Asphalt

Impintd Asphalt

USAge: OPTIONAL

Machine–heated asphalt,

imprinted with a pattern

template and colored withprotectie coating.

Bnts

See benets o ASPHALTIC CONCRETE

(3.1.1)

Visually denes pedestrian or

non–vehicle areas

Can be installed on existing asphalt

that is in good condition

Preserves asphalt roadway or vehicleuse i necessary

More cost–eective than unit pavers

Easier to maintain than unit pavers

Considations

See considerations or ASPHALTIC

CONCRETE

Pattern and colored coating may

deteriorate i exposed to regular

vehicle trac

Application

Appropriate or roadways or parts o

roadways with no regular vehicular

trac, such as restricted–use

streets, pedestrian streets, or plazas

Can be used or areas o the roadbed

that are not intended or regularvehicle travel, such as textured

aprons or medians

Us o this matial nally

quis a maintnanc amnt

Dsin

See design guidance or ASPHALTIC

CONCRETE



Various patterns and colors available

Specication source: NYC DOT

Standard Specications section

6.45B



ASPHALTIC CONCRETE

High SRI value coloring

Taranto, Italy (Credit: Integrated Paving Concepts�)

Imprinted asphalt pedestrian plaza in the roadway: 185th Street at Amsterdam Avenue, Manhattan



110

MATerIALS: rOADWAYS

By refecting sunlight, lighter–colored pavingreduces the urban heat island eect

Conventional Asphalt

High Albedo Asphalt

3.1.1b Hih Albdo Asphalt

Hih Albdo Asphalt

USAge: PILOT

Asphalt roadway comprised o

light–colored aggregate and/or

binder producing high SolarReectance Inde (SRI) alues.

Bnts

See benets o ASPHALTIC CONCRETE

(3.1.1)

Refects more o the sun’s rays and

absorbs less heat than traditional

black asphalt pavement, mitigating

the urban heat island eect

Considations

See considerations or ASPHALTIC

CONCRETE

Light–colored natural aggregates are

considerably more expensive than

dark because o limited local

availability

Application

Streets with high sun exposure,

ideally in an urban setting shelteredrom wind, where impacts on

surrounding air quality can be

eectively measured.

Should be piloted on streets with low

vehicle trac

Should not be piloted where requent

utility cuts are likely



Dsin

See design guidance or ASPHALTIC

CONCRETE

Aggregate: light in color

Asphaltic cement: white or light–colored binder i available

Other options: white chippings in

hot–rolled asphalt



ASPHALTIC CONCRETE

Highway showing let side paved with high–albedo asphalt and the right side paved with conventionalasphalt: Interstate 10, West Texas (Credit: The Citizen Scientist, April 16, 2004)



114

MATerIALS: rOADWAYS3.1.3a Modula Cobblston

Modula Cobblston

USAge: OPTIONAL

A pre–assembled grid o smooth

saw–cut fnish granite cobbles

astened to a sturdy bacing andinstalled as modular tiles.

Modular cobblestone pedestrian street: Broad Street at Wall Street, Manhattan

Bnts

See benets o GRANITE PAvERS

(3.1.3)

Easier to install and maintain than

traditional cobblestone

Smooth, saw–nish stones do not

hinder pedestrian or cyclist mobility

Considations

See considerations or

GRANITE PAvERS

Exact liecycle o product is unknown

Application

Roadways with no regular vehicular

trac such as restricted–use streets,

pedestrian streets, or plazas

Can be used or areas o the roadbed

that are not intended or regular

vehicle travel, such as textured

aprons or medians

Should not be used where requent




Dsin

Requires concrete base

Various colors and styles available



6.06MCModular cobblestone installation: Broad Streetat Wall Street, Manhattan (Credit: Eurocobble�)



122

MATerIALS: SIDeWALkS3.3.1b Tintd Conct with eposd Liht–Colod Aat

Tintd Conctwith eposd Liht–Colod Aat

USAge: OPTIONAL

Same miture as tinted concrete,but with addition o eposed

light–colored pebble–sized

aggregate. Joints are scored to

simulate saw–cutting.

Tinted concrete sidewalk with light–colored exposed aggregate (note: this example does not includethe required “simulated saw–cut joint” scoring pattern): 42nd Street at Grand Central Terminal,Manhattan

Bnts

See benets o TINTED CONCRETE

(3.3.1a)

Exposed aggregate creates a textureand more natural appearance

Exposed aggregate camoufages

dirt and gum

Considations

See considerations or TINTED

CONCRETE

Application

This material is recommended

or commercial areas with highoot trac

Because this is an optional sidewalk

treatment, it is best used when

applied to entire blocks, rather than

to the sidewalks o individual small

properties which would create a

“patchwork” eect

Adjacnt popty owns a

nally sponsibl o

maintainin this matial

Dsin

See design guidance or TINTED

CONCRETE

Aggregate: pebble–sized, light in color

Aggregate specication source: NYC

DOT Standard Specications section

4.13 E, item numbers 4.13 EAGG (or

our–inch sidewalk), 4.13 EBGG (or

seven–inch sidewalk)



TINTED CONCRETE



124

MATerIALS: SIDeWALkS3.3.1d Sand–Colod Conct with eposd Aat

Sand–colored concrete sidewalk with exposed aggregate: Prospect Park West, Brooklyn

Sand–ColodConct witheposd Aat

USAge: OPTIONAL

Same miture as tinted concrete,but sand–colored, and with

multi–colored pebble–sized

eposed aggregate.

Bnts

See benets o TINTED CONCRETE

WITH ExPOSED LIGHT–COLORED

AGGREGATE (3.3.1b)

Sand color reinorces natural

character o open spaces

Considations

See considerations or TINTED

CONCRETE WITH ExPOSED LIGHT–

COLORED AGGREGATE

Application

This material is appropriate or

sidewalks adjacent to waterrontsand open spaces



applied to entire blocks, rather than to

the sidewalks o individual small



Adjacnt popty owns a

nally sponsibl o

maintainin this matial

Dsin

See design guidance or TINTED

CONCRETE WITH ExPOSED LIGHT–

COLORED AGGREGATE

Pigmenting: sand–colored

Aggregate: pebble–sized, mixed–

color river rock


Standard Specications section 4.13

ESA (or our–inch sidewalks), 4.13

ESB (or seven–inch sidewalks)



TINTED CONCRETE WITH ExPOSED

LIGHT–COLORED AGGREGATE



125

MATerIALS: SIDeWALkS 3.3.1 Poous Conct

Poous Conct

USAge: PILOT

Concrete miture using

minimal cementitious materials

to coat the aggregate, and usinglittle or no sand, leaing

substantial oid content through

which water can drain.

Bnts

See benets o UNTINTED CONCRETE

(3.3.1)

Allows stormwater to drain through

to soil, reducing runo into the

sewer system

May reduce likelihood o ponding and

slick or icy sidewalk conditions

May be less prone to cracking in

winter than conventional concrete

Considations

See considerations or

UNTINTED CONCRETE

Not appropriate or use where

there is water–sensitive subsurace

inrastructure

Not eective at greater than

5% slope

Only certain soil types are

appropriate as subbases or

inltration

Porosity can convey harmul

chemicals into the soil

May require routine vacuuming o

surace to maintain porosity

Application

On a level street above the high water

table with low pedestrian trac and

no vehicular encroachment

Must have adequate subsurace

conditions to detain stormwater

Can be used to pave an entire

sidewalk, or just over the trench o

CONNECTED TREE PITS (2.4.1b)

Avoid where there is potential orsoil contamination

Should not be used where requent




Dsin

See design guidance or UNTINTED

CONCRETE

Requires 18– to 36–inch stone

inltration bed with detention system

and/or overfow controls, and even

distribution o stormwater

Bottom o inltration bed should be at

least 3 eet above high water table

and 2 eet above bedrock



UNTINTED CONCRETE

Porous concrete lets water permeate down to the subsurace soil



126

MATerIALS: SIDeWALkS3.3.1 London Pavs

London Pavs

USAge: OPTIONAL

Large precast concrete paers

laid in a staggered pattern.

Bnts

See benets o UNTINTED CONCRETE

(3.3.1)

Reinorces civic character o area

Less expensive than stone paver

alternatives

Considations

Unit pavers can become loose

over time and will require regular

maintenance

Application

For sidewalks ronting on city, state or

ederally–owned buildings and other

civic structures such as bridges,

courthouses, libraries, and memorials



applied to entire blocks, rather than to

the sidewalks o individual small





Dsin

Paver size: 18 inches by 36 inches

Requires concrete base

Specication source: NYC DOTStandard Specications section

6.06 LP



UNTINTED CONCRETE

London pavers (note: this example shows anon–standard size): Washington, DC

London pavers: Brooklyn Bridge Pedestrian Access Ramp, Manhattan



128

MATerIALS: SIDeWALkS3.3.3 Haonal Asphalt Pavs

Haonal AsphaltPavs

USAge: OPTIONAL

Asphalt pre–cast into

heagonally–shaped paers.

Hexagonal asphalt paver sidewalk: Columbus Avenue at West 66th Street, Manhattan

Bnts

Widely–used paver or New York City

public spaces conveys park–like

character

Interlocking hexagonal shape ts

tightly together and resists shiting

and buckling

This material is widely available and

cost eective

Dark color hides dirt and stains

Hexagonal pavers are relatively easy

to reset or replace, especially or

utility access

Asphalt pavers can be recycled

Considations

Unit pavers can become loose over

time and will require regular

maintenance

Application

Hexagonal asphalt pavers are

appropriate or sidewalks adjacent to

parks or plazas.



Dsin

Paver size: 8 inches between

parallel sides

Can be sand–set or easierinstallation or mortar–set or

stronger structural properties


Standard Specications sections

3.04, 6.60


High recycled asphalt (RAP) content



133

MATerIALS: SIDeWALk FUrNISHINg ZONeS 3.4.1 ganit Bloc

ganit Bloc

USAge: OPTIONAL

Historic smooth–fnish granite

bloc unit paers oten reerred

to as “cobblestones,” commonlyused throughout New Yor City in

the 19th Century.

Cobblestones used in a urnishing zone: Battery Park City, Manhattan

Bnts

Visually delineates separation o

street uses

Stones convey connection to natural

environment

Cobblestones are relatively easy to

remove and reset, especially or utility

access

Considations

Stones can become loose over time

and will require regular maintenance

Can be slippery when wet

Uneven surace can hinder pedestrian

and disabled persons’ mobility

Application

Can be used on streets where

pedestrians will not typically be

orced to walk in the urnishing zone



Dsin

Should be sand–set or easier

installation and greater permeability

wherever impermeable installation

generates stormwater runo

Can be mortar set or stronger

structural properties


should be kept ree o obstructionsSpecication source: NYC DOT


2.06, 6.06


Salvaged cobbles

Permeable installation



137

MATerIALS: SIDeWALk FUrNISHINg ZONeS 3.4.3 Conct with eposd glass Aat

Conct witheposd glassAat

USAge: OPTIONAL

Select surace aggregates(such as colored glass or

decoratie pebbles) embedded

and ully adhered to concrete,

either poured and cast–in–place

as traditional concrete sidewal,

or as precast unit paers.

Bnts

Decorative glass adds distinction and

visual enhancement to concrete

Increases slip resistance o surace

As precast pavers, relatively easy to

reset or replace, especially or utility

access

Considations

Unit pavers can become loose over

time and will require regular

maintenanceApplication

The material, when poured and

cast–in–place, is appropriate or all

urnishing zones and plazas

When installed as precast pavers, it

can be used on streets where

pedestrians will not typically be

orced to walk in the urnishing zone

When cast–in–place, should not be

used where requent utility cuts arelikely



Dsin

Slip resistance: minimum 0.60

coecient o riction wet

Joint: simulated saw–cut joint scoring

Pavers should be sand–set or easier

installation and greater permeability

wherever impermeable installation

generates stormwater runo

Pavers can be mortar set or stronger

structural properties


should be kept ree o obstructions

When used as pavers, paver size:

8 inches by 8 inches

When poured, may require metal

reinorcement bars as specied byNYC DOT

Unlimited color and aggregate mix

options available



4.13 EG, item numbers 4.13 EGA (or

our–inch sidewalks), 4.13 EGB (or

seven–inch sidewalks), 6.47 EGA8

(or pavers)

Sustainability OppotunitisSupplementary cementitious

materials (SCM)


Recycled glass or reclaimed

aggregates

Concrete pavers with exposed blue and greenglass aggregate (shown interspersed with blackasphalt pavers): Hudson River Park, Manhattan

Poured, cast–in–place concrete with exposed glass aggregate: Brooklyn Plaza, Brooklyn



143143

materials: plazasMATerIALS 3.6 Plazas

A plaza is a public space in the city that proides a place or

people to enjoy the public realm (see Glossary). Unlie a sidewal,

a plaza is a destination rather than a space to pass through.

In addition to the materials listed in this section, all materials

listed in the Sidewals section and the Sidewal Furnishing Zones

section may be used in plazas as well, according to the application

guidance proided.

Plazas



144

MATerIALS: PLAZAS3.6.1 Impintd Asphalt

Impintd Asphalt

USAge: OPTIONAL

Machine–heated asphalt,

imprinted with pattern

templates and colored withprotectie coating.

Bnts

Visually denes pedestrian or non–

vehicle areas



More cost–eective than unit pavers

Easier to maintain than unit pavers

Application

Appropriate or plazas where

traditional unit pavers are desired,

but asphalt road surace must be

preserved, or where cost or

maintenance considerations

prohibit unit pavers



Dsin



Various patterns and colors available



6.45B


High recycled asphalt (RAP) content


Imprinted asphalt in a plaza: Drumgoole Plaza (Gold Street at Frankort Street), Manhattan

Imprinted asphalt in a plaza: Genova, Italy (Credit: Integrated Paving Concepts�)



155

LIgHTINg: STreeT LIgHTINg 4.1.1 Coba Had

Coba Had

USAge: STANDArD

The Cobra Head luminaire was

originally introduced by the

Westinghouse and GeneralElectric companies in 1957 to

accompany an aluminum post

designed in 1958 by Donald

Desey and frst installed in

1963. Additional poles were later

introduced to support the Cobra

Head luminaire: the Octagonal,

Round, and Dait. The 100W and

150W Cobra Head luminaire are

the current standard or New

Yor City streets.

Applications

Streets or highways

Single or twin mounting

Lampin/Optics

100W HPS, 150W HPS

Medium Semi–Cuto, IES Type 1

(100W HPS)

IES Type II (150W HPS)

Matial/Colo

H.D.G. Steel/silver (street)

Aluminum/silver (highway)

Cost Compad to SLP

Cobra Head is the SLP

Spacin/Typical

1: 1

Cobra Head luminaire and octagonal pole: Pearl Street, Manhattan



157

LIgHTINg: STreeT LIgHTINg 4.1.2 Stad

Stad

USAge: OPTIONAL

The Stad luminaire was

introduced on the Robert F.

kennedy Bridge (ormerly the

Triboro Bridge). The design o

the luminaire proides a

contemporary option to the

standard Cobra Head at an

additional cost.

Applications

Commercial districts


Lampin/Optics

100W HPS or 150W HPS

Cuto or Semi–Cuto, IES Type II or

III

Matial/Colo

Aluminum/silver, black and green

Cost Compad to SLP

$$$$

Spacin/Typical

1: 1

Stad luminaire TBTA pole: Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, Manhattan



158

LIgHTINg: STreeT LIgHTINg4.1.2 Stad

Stad with Standad Pols

Standard poles are

provided and maintained

by NYC DOT.

Stad with Optional Pols

Optional poles require

additional unding.

Round Octagonal

Flatbush Avenue TBTA WM Pole

Davit

Plan view, WM only

8'–0" 8'–0"

3 ' – 0 "

2 2 "

3 0 ' – 0 "

8'–0"

3 ' – 0 "

2 2 "

3 0 ' – 0 "

2 2 "

3 0 ' – 0 "

8'–0" 8'–0"

3

0 ' – 0 "

2 7

' – 0 "

6'–0"

2 7

' – 0 "



159

LIgHTINg: STreeT LIgHTINg 4.1.3 Fulton

Fulton

USAge: OPTIONAL

The Fulton luminaire was

selected or installation on the

Fulton Street Mall in all 2008.

The design o the luminaire

proides a contemporary option

to the standard Cobra Head at an

additional cost.

Fulton Head

Fulton Luminai and Pol

No standard NYC DOT

pole options.

Applications

Commercial districts

Roadway width o 36 eet or less

Lampin/Optics


Cuto, IES Type II or III

Matial/Colo

Aluminum/silver

Cost Compad to Standad Liht

$$$$

Spacin/Typical

¾ : 1

Fulton luminaire and pole (Credit: Hess America)


3' (or 4')

1 0 "

2

8 ' – 0 "



164

LIgHTINg: STreeT LIgHTINg4.1.7 TBTA

TBTA

USAge: OPTIONAL

The TBTA ( Triboro Bridge

Tunnel Authority) was introduced

in the 1950s and ’60s or mid–twentieth–century bridge

construction projects such as the

Robert F. kennedy Bridge

(ormerly the Triboro Bridge). The

TBTA replaced wooden lamp

posts which lit parways during

the 1920s and ’30s. Today, the

TBTA can support both historic

and optional luminaires.

Applications

Commercial and residential streets


Streets with roadway width o

36 eet or more

Lampin/Optics

Teardrop: Non–Cuto, IES Type III or

V (250W HPS)

Shielded Teardrop: Cuto, IES Type III

or V (250W HPS)

Stad: Cuto or Semi–Cuto, IES

Type II or III (150W HPS)

Matial/Colo

Fabricated steel pole/black, brown

and green

Cost Compad to SLP

$$$$$

Spacin/Typical

Teardrop or Shielded Teardrop: ²⁄ : 1

Stad: 1: 1

Historic Shielded Teardrop luminaire and TBTA Pole: 40th Street, Manhattan



166

LIgHTINg: STreeT LIgHTINg4.1.8 Typ M

Typ M

USAge: HISTOrIC

The Type M pole, originally

nown as the Mast–Arm post,

was introduced in 1908 or widestreets at corners on Broadway

north o Columbus Circle and on

Seenth Aenue north o Central

Par. Bracet ersions o the

Mast–Arm were also attached to

the acades o buildings. The

reproduction o the Mast–Arm

was introduced in the late

twentieth century as the Type

M pole.

Applications

Selected historic districts


36 eet or more


Lampin/Optics

Non Cuto, IES Type III or V

Teardrop luminaire, 250W HPS

Matial/Colo

Ductile iron pole/black, brown and

green

Cost Compad to SLP

$$$$$

Spacin/Typical

⁄ : 1

Histoic Luminai

with Typ M Pol

Historic Teardrop luminaire and Type M pole:West 11th Street, Manhattan

10'–0"

2

5 ' – 0 " ±

2

7 ' – 7 "



167

LIgHTINg: STreeT LIgHTINg 4.1.9 Typ F

Typ F

USAge: HISTOrIC

The Type F pole, originally

nown as the Reerse Scroll

Bracet, was deeloped in 1913and installed on narrow streets

downtown on Seenth Aenue.

Bracet ersions o the Reerse

Scroll were also attached to

the acades o buildings. The

reproduction o the Reerse

Scroll was introduced in the

late twentieth century as the

Type F pole.

Applications

Selected historic districts


36 eet or less


Lampin/Optics

Non–Cuto, IES Type III or V


Matial/Colo

Ductile iron pole/black, brown, and

green

Cost Compad to SLP

$$$$$

Spacin/Typical

½ : 1

Histoic Luminai

with Typ F Pol

Historic Teardrop luminaire and Type F pole:East 8th Street, Manhattan

2'–10"

2

6 ' – 2 "



168

LIgHTINg: STreeT LIgHTINg4.1.10 Bishops Coo

Applications

Selected historical districts


36 eet or less

Lampin/Optics

Non–Cuto, IES Type III or V


Matial/Colo

Ductile Iron pole/black, brown and

green

Cost Compad to SLP

$$$$$

Spacin/Typical

½: 1

Bishops Coo

USAge: HISTOrIC

The Bishops Croo was the frst

o a number o decoratie street

lights to be introduced as earlyas 1900 on narrow city streets.

Bracet ersions o the Bishops

Croo were also attached to the

acades o buildings. The

reproduction o the Bishops

Croo was introduced in 1980 at

Madison Aenue and 50th Street

outside the Helmsley Palace

Hotel, which is nown today as

the New Yor Palace Hotel.

Historic Teardrop luminaire and Bishops Crookpole: Nassau Street, Manhattan

2 6 ' – 3 "



169

LIgHTINg: STreeT LIgHTINg 4.1.11

This Pa Intntionally Lt Blan

NYC DOT is no longer planning to pilot the Type L design



170

LIgHTINg: STreeT LIgHTINg4.1.12 City Liht

City Liht

USAge: PILOT

The City Light is not yet aailable

or use, but is included in the

Street Design Manual because it

is currently being tested. An

international design competition

to deelop a new standard

streetlight or New Yor City was

held in 2004. The City Light

design was selected as the

winning entry. NYC DOT, the

Ofce or visual Interaction, and

NYC DDC are woring together

to deelop the proposed designinto a luminaire or use on the city

streets.

City Light pilot rendering

City Light pilot rendering

Applications

Commercial or Residential districts

TBD

Lampin/Optics

LED

Matial/Colo

TBD

Cost Compad to SLP

TBD

Spacin/Typical

TBD



171

LIgHTINg: STreeT LIgHTINg 4.1.13


NYC DOT is no longer planning to pilot the LED Type A design



173173

pedestrian lighting: optional luminaires and polesLIgHTINg 4.2 Pdstian Lihtin

Pdstian Lihtin



174

LIgHTINg: PeDeSTrIAN LIgHTINg4.2.1 Coba Had

Coba Had

USAge: STANDArD

The Cobra Head luminaire was

originally introduced by the

Westinghouse and GeneralElectric companies in 1957 to

accompany an aluminum post

designed in 1958 by Donald

Desey and frst installed in

1963. Additional poles were later

introduced to support the Cobra

Head luminaire: the Octagonal,

Round, and Dait. The 70W and

100W Cobra Head luminaires are

the current standard or New

Yor City pedestrian lighting.

Applications

Parks, esplanades, pedestrian

bridges, walkways, ramps, under

elevated trains and bikeways

Single mounting

Lampin/Optics

70W HPS, 100W HPS

Medium Semi–Cuto, IES Type II

Matial/Colo

H.D.G. Steel/silver

Cost Compad to SLP

Cobra Head is the SLP

Spacin/typical

1: 1

Coba Had with

Standad Pols

Davit Round Octagonal

Cobra Head luminaire: Manhattan Bridge,Manhattan

4'–0"

4'–0"

2 2 "

1 6 ' – 0 "

4'–0"

2 2 "

1 8 ' – 0 "

2 2 "

1 8 ' – 0 "



175

LIgHTINg: PeDeSTrIAN LIgHTINg 4.2.2 Stad

Stad

USAge: OPTIONAL

The Stad luminaire was

introduced on the Robert F.

kennedy Bridge in 2008. Thedesign o the luminaire proides

a contemporary option to the

standard Cobra Head at an

additional cost.

Davit Round Octagonal Type TBTA

Stad with Standad Pols

Applications

Parks, plazas, esplanades, pedestrian

bridges, walkways, and bikeways

Lampin/Optics

70W HPS or 150W HPS

Sag or fat lens optics

Cuto or Semi–Cuto,

IES Type II or III

Matial/Colo

Aluminum/silver, black and green

Cost Compad to SLP

$$$$

Spacin/Typical

1: 1

Stad luminaire TBTA pole: Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, Manhattan

1 7 ' – 0 " ( B V e r s i o n )

4'–0"

4'–0"

2 2 "

1 6 ' – 0 "

4'–0"

2 2 "

1 8 ' – 0 "

2 2 "

1 8 ' – 0 "

4'–0"



176

LIgHTINg: PeDeSTrIAN LIgHTINg4.2.3 Fulton

Fulton

USAge: OPTIONAL

The Fulton luminaire was

selected or installation on the

Fulton Street Mall in all 2008.The design o the luminaire

proides a contemporary option

in place o the standard Cobra

Head at an additional cost.

Fulton Luminai and Pol

No standard NYC DOT

pole options.

Applications



Lampin/Optics

70W HPS, 100W HPS

Cuto, IES Type II or III

Matial/Colo

Aluminum/silver and black

Cost Compad to SLP

$$$$

Spacin/Typical

¾: 1


Fulton Head

3' (or 4')

1 0 "

1

5 ' – 0 "



177

Flushin Madows

USAge: OPTIONAL

The Flushing Meadows pole and

luminaire was frst installed in

2004 by the NYC Pars andRecreation Department in

Canarsie Par in Broolyn, NY.

The pole is now installed in many

city pars, plazas, and along

walways and bieways.

LIgHTINg: PeDeSTrIAN LIgHTINg

Flushin Madows Pol

& Luminai

4.2.4 Flushin Madows

Applications



Lampin/Optics

70W HPS, 100W or 150W HPS

Cuto, IES Type III or V

Flushing Meadows Head

Matial/Colo

Fabricated steel/black, brown, green,

and silver

Cost Compad to SLP

$$

Spacin/Typical

²/ : 1

Flushing Meadows luminaire and pole:46th Street, Queens

1

2 ' – 0 "



178

LIgHTINg: PeDeSTrIAN LIgHTINg4.2.5 Typ B

Typ B

USAge: HISTOrIC

The Type B luminaire and pole

was one o two street lights

designed in the early 1900s ortungsten incandescent lamps.

The Type B pole was frst

introduced in 1911 by designer

Henry Bacon or the Central Par

Mall and later installed in other

city pars. The reproduction o

the Type B pole was introduced in

the late twentieth century. The

pole is now installed in many city

pars, in plazas, and along

walways and bieways.

Applications



Lampin/Optics

150W HPS, 100W HPS

Non–Cuto, IES Type V

Type “Riverside Park” luminaire

Matial/Colo

Ductile iron pole/black, brown, or

green

Cost Compad to SLP

$$

Spacin/Typical

⁄ : 1

Typ B Luminai & Pol

Type B luminaire and pole: Battery Place,Manhattan

1

2 ' – 6 "



179

LIgHTINg: PeDeSTrIAN LIgHTINg 4.2.6 Wold’s Fai

Wold’s Fai

USAge: HISTOrIC

The World’s Fair luminaire and

pole was frst installed in 1964

during the World’s Fair held atFlushing Meadows Par in

Queens. The pole is now installed

in many city pars, in plazas, and

along walways and bieways.

Applications



Lampin/Optics

100W HPS & 150W HPS

Non–Cuto, IES Type V

Type 2085 luminaire

Matial/Colo

Steel/black, brown, or green

Cost Compad to SLP

$

Spacin/Typical

⁄ : 1

Wold’s Fai Luminai

and Pol

World’s Fair luminaire and pole: Battery Park,Manhattan

1 2 ' –

0 "



180

LIgHTINg: PeDeSTrIAN LIgHTINg4.2.7 TBTA

Applications



Lampin/Optics

Teardrop: Non–Cuto, IES Type III or

V (100W HPS or 150W HPS)

Shielded Teardrop: Cuto, IES Type III

or V (100W HPS or 150W HPS)

Matial/Colo

Fabricated steel/black, brown, or

green

Cost Compad to SLP

$$$$$

Spacin/TypicalFor Teardrop or Shielded Teardrop:

⁄ : 1

TBTA

USAge: OPTIONAL

The TBTA ( Triboro Bridge Tunnel

Authority) pole was originally

introduced in the 1950s and ’60sor mid–twentieth–century

bridge construction projects

such as the Robert F. kennedy

Bridge (ormerly nown as the

Triboro Bridge). The TBTA

replaced wooden lamp posts

which lit parways during the

1920s and ’30s. The pole was

recently installed as pedestrian

lighting along the Hudson Rier

Par Greenway and can support

both historic and optional

luminaires. Historic luminaires

render the lights historic.

Histoic Luminais

with TBTA Pol

Historic Shielded Teardrop luminaire and TBTApole: Hudson River Parkway, Manhattan

4'–0" (B Version)

1 7 ' – 0 " ( B

V e r s i o n )

4' –0" (B Version)

1 7 ' – 0 " ( B

V e r s i o n )

TeardropShielded Teardrop



181

LIgHTINg: PeDeSTrIAN LIgHTINg 4.2.8 round Top Had

round Top Had

USAge: PILOT

The Round Top Head was

installed on the piers in Gantry

State Par in Long Island City,Queens. The luminaire is suitable

or wet locations. NYC DOT plans

to pilot the luminaire by FY 2010

in additional locations

throughout New Yor City.

Applications



Lampin/Optics

Cuto, Type V (150 W HPS)

Matial/Colo

Aluminum/silver

Cost Compad to SLP

$$$$

Spacin/Typical½:1

Round Top Head luminaire and pole: Gantry Park Plaza, Queens

1

2 '



182

LIgHTINg: PeDeSTrIAN LIgHTINg4.2.9 LeD Post Top

LeD Post Top

USAge: PILOT

Beginning in 2008, NYC DOT

has installed the LED Post Top

luminaire at select locations inCentral Par on a pilot basis. It is

a more energy–efcient, white–

light replacement or the

Type B Luminaire.

Applications



Lampin/Optics

Available up to 80W maximum

Optional electrical control available

or hi/lo dimming; high in energy

savings

Matial/Colo

Hard mount tops made o spun

aluminum with polyester powder

coat nish

LeD Post Top

The luminaire can be

supported by an aluminum or

steel decorative pole.

LED Post Top luminaire and Type B Pole, CentralPark, Manhattan

1

2 ' – 6 "



183

LIgHTINg: PeDeSTrIAN LIgHTINg 4.2.10


NYC DOT is no longer planning to pilot the LED Type A design



184

LIgHTINg: PeDeSTrIAN LIgHTINg4.2.11


NYC DOT is no longer planning to pilot the LED Type E luminaire



185185

LIgHTINg: TrAFFIC SIgNAL POLeSLIgHTINg 4.3 Tac Sinal Pols

Tac Sinal Pols



186

LIgHTINg: TrAFFIC SIgNAL POLeS4.3.1 Typ M–2 Tac Sinal Pol

Typ M–2 TacSinal Pol

USAge: STANDArD

Originally approed and frst

installed in 1953, the M–2 TrafcSignal Pole is standard or use at

all trafc signal locations. It can

be combined with any standard

arm or bracet with the standard

Cobra Head or an optional

luminaire, or with any arm or

bracet in the historic section to

proide a consistent streetscape.

Applications

Intersections

Single or double mounting

Lampin/Optics

Standard: Cobra Head luminaire,


Optional: Stad luminaire, 100W HPS

or 150W HPS; Helm luminaire, 100W

HPS or 150W HPS

Historic: Teardrop luminaire, 250W

HPS

Matial/Colo

H.D.G. Steel/silver, green and brown

Type M–2 Trac Signal Pole with standard luminaire: Murray Street, Manhattan

Type M–2 Trac Signal Pole with historic luminaire: Warren Street, Manhattan



187

LIgHTINg: TrAFFIC SIgNAL POLeS 4.3.1 Typ M–2 Tac Sinal Pol

Type M–2 Trac Signal Pole with standard luminaire: Laayette Street, ManhattanType M–2 Trac Signal Pole with historicluminaire: West 113th Street, Manhattan

8'–0"

20'–0"

2

7 ' – 0 "

1

5 ' – 3 "

2

9 ' – 3 "



188

LIgHTINg: TrAFFIC SIgNAL POLeS

Allianc TacSinal Pol

USAge: OPTIONAL

The Alliance luminaire was

originally introduced in the LowerManhattan historic fnancial

district by the Downtown

Alliance business improement

district. The luminaire and

optional trafc signal pole can

be used as an alternatie

contemporary option in place o

the standard M–2 Trafc Signal

Pole but at an additional cost.

Applications

Intersections

Lampin/Optics

See Alliance luminaire, 100W HPS or

150W HPS

Matial/Colo

H.D.G. steel/silver and black

4.3.2 Allianc Tac Sinal Pol

Alliance Trac Signal Pole and luminaire: Murray Street, Manhattan



189

Funitu5 5.0 Intoduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

5.1 Bi racs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

5.2 Bus Stop Shlts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

5.3 Bi Shlts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

5.4 Nwsstands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

5.5 Automatic Public Toilts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

5.6 Lihtpol Banns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

5.7 Bnchs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

5.8 Wast rcptacls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198



190

FUrNITUre5.0 Intoduction

About This Chapt

New York City’s streets, sidewalks,

and public spaces are populated with

a variety o elements installed on their

suraces, ranging rom bus stop

shelters to trash cans. Some o these

items perorm utilitarian unctions,

while others oer inormation or

amenities to street users.

Chapter 5 includes examples and

descriptions o such common street

urniture as bicycle racks and bus

stop shelters. It does not include an

exhaustive catalog o all elements

that are placed on city streets.

Intoduction



191

FUrNITUre 5.1 Bi racs

Sit Spcications

Clear path: With ew exceptions,

bike racks must allow a minimum

clear path o 8 eet in width

Clearance rom the curb:

All bike racks must be a minimum

o 18 inches rom the curb

Other Minimum Distances

15 eet re hydrants, bus stops, taxi

stand or hotel loading zones,

ranchise structures, subway

entrances

10 eet corner quadrants, driveways,

building entrances (building,

line installations only)

5 eet standpipes, above–ground

structures (e.g., signs,

meters, lights, mailboxes,

planters, phones), building

entrances (curb installations

only)

3 eet tree pit edges, grates, utility

covers

Fo Mo Inomation

To request a bike rack, please call 311

or visit nyc.gov/dot and ll out an

online request orm

Bi racs

Bie racs proide on–street

paring or cyclists. Constructed

o cast–metal, the NYC DOT

standard bie rac was the

product o an international

competition.

Conceptual rendering rom Beetlelab

Conceptual rendering rom Beetlelab



192

FUrNITUre5.2 Bus Stop Shlts

Sit Spcications

Shelters are congured in our sizes:

regular, narrow, short, and double

Clear path: With ew exceptions,shelters must allow a minimum clear

path o 7 eet in width

Clearance rom curb: All shelters

must allow a straight unobstructed

path o a minimum o 3 eet between

the shelter and the curb

Other Minimum Distances:

10 eet re hydrants, standpipes

5 eet tree trunks, canopies

5 eet tree pits, cellar doors3 eet streetlights,

trac signal poles

2 eet ventilation, street signs

Bus Stop Shlts

Bus stop shelters are part o the

coordinated street urniture

ranchise that was awarded to

Cemusa, Inc., in 2006. The

award–winning, stainless steel

and glass design proides

seating and protection rom the

elements or bus users. Cemusa

will be replacing all bus shelters

with this new design.

Fo Mo Inomation

To learn more about the Coordinated

Street Furniture Franchise, call 311,

visit nyc.gov/dot, or email

[email protected]

York Avenue at 69th Street, Manhattan (Credit: Jennier Yao)



193

FUrNITUre 5.3 Bi Shlts

Sit Spcications

See specications or BUS STOP

SHELTERS (5.2)

Bi Shlts

Bicycle paring shelters contain

stainless steel bie racs or

eight bies. The design closely

resembles the bus shelter, using

the same high–quality materials.

The ad panels are used to display

the annual NYC Cycling Map and

public serice campaigns.

Fo Mo Inomation

To learn more about the CoordinatedStreet Furniture Franchise, call 311,


[email protected]

Jackson Avenue at 50th Avenue, Queens (Credit: Cemusa, Inc.)



194

FUrNITUre5.4 Nwsstands

Sit Spcications

Newsstands are available in nine

sizes, including widths o 4, 5, and 6

eet and lengths o 8, 10, and 12 eet

Clear path: Newsstands must allow a

minimum clear path o 9 eet, 6

inches in width

Clearance rom curb: All newsstands

must allow a straight unobstructed

path o a minimum o 18 inches

between the newsstand and the curb

For complete siting criteria,

please reer to DCA rules at:

www.nyc.gov/html/dca/html/

licenses/024.shtml

Fo Mo Inomation



visit nyc.gov/dot or email

[email protected]

Nwsstands

Newsstands are part o the

coordinated street urniture

ranchise. They are abricated

rom stainless steel and glass.

The product displays can be

customized by each operator

rom a standard it o parts.

All eisting newsstands that

were licensed by DCA as o

July 13, 2006, will receie a

replacement newsstand at no

cost to the licensee.

6th Avenue at 39th Street, Manhattan (Credit: Jennier Yao)



195

FUrNITUre 5.5 Automatic Public Toilts (APT

Sit Spcications

Sites or APTs will be determined by

NYC DOT

The ootprint o the APTs spans 6

eet, 7 inches by 12 eet and requires

an additional 5 eet o unobstructed

space, both above and below ground,

on all sides

Clear path: Automatic Public Toilets

must allow a minimum clear path o 8

eet in width

Clearance rom curb: All APTs must

allow a straight unobstructed path o

a minimum o 1.5 eet between the

APT and the curb

Other Minimum Distances:

10 eet re hydrants, standpipes

5 eet tree trunks, canopies

3 eet streetlights, trac signal

poles

2 eet ventilation, street signs,

cellar doors.

Permissible Locations:

a. On wide streets, only in commercial

manuacturing, or mixed use

districts

b. On sidewalks or plazas adjacent

to property owned or leased by a

government agency or public

authority, or under the jurisdictiono the EDC

c. On trac islands or public places

bounded on all sides by mapped

streets under the jurisdiction o

NYC DOT

d. On or adjacent to parks property

or playgrounds, subject to the

approval o the Department o

Parks and Recreation

e. Close proximity to water, sewer, and

electrical connections

Fo Mo Inomation:




[email protected]

Automatic PublicToilts (APT)

In response to the lac o public

restrooms in New Yor City,

Cemusa, the coordinated street

urniture ranchisee, will install

twenty automatic public toilets

(APTs). These state–o–the–art

acilities oer comort, hygiene,

accessibility, and security to the

public, with a modern design.

Engineered to sel–sanitize ater

each use, the APTs will aord the

people o New Yor a sae and

aluable conenience.

Madison Avenue at 23rd Street, Manhattan (Credit: Cemusa, Inc. )



196

FUrNITUre5.6 Lihtpol Banns

Dsin Spcications

Horizontal banners are not permitted

Vertical banners shall be not more

than 3–eet wide and not more than

8 eet in length

All banners must have six air slits

Double banners (two banners on thesame pole) are only permitted i they

collectively do not exceed 24 square

eet

Banners shall contain no

advertisements

The trade name or logo o the sponsor

o the event (i applicable) shall

occupy no more than 10% o the

lower portion o the banner

For complete regulations regarding

banner permits, please reer to Ruleso the City o New York, Title 34,

Chapter 2, section 2–14(b) and on

the web at: www.nyc.gov/html/dot/

html/permits/banners.shtml

Fo Mo Inomation:

Please contact: the Banner Unit

NYC Department o Transportation

40 Worth Street, Room 1215

New York, NY 10013

T: (212) 788–2109

F: (212) 676–1445

Lihtpol Banns

NYC DOT may issue permits or

the display o banners promoting

cultural ehibits or eents and

public or historical eents which

oster tourism and/or enhance

the image o the city.

Jay Street, Manhattan (Credit: Tanya Codispodi,Tribeca Film Festival)

East 42nd Street at First Avenue, Manhattan(Credit: Elizabeth Blake)



197

FUrNITUre 5.7 Bnchs

Bnchs

Benches are best situated in

areas with heay pedestrian

trafc, especially retail shopping

corridors, transit stops, plazas,

or near cultural institutions.

Currently there is no NYC DOT

standard design or benches in

the right–o–way. The

Department o Pars and

Recreation utilizes seeral styles

o benches in par areas. These

may be used in plazas and on

streets. Howeer a reocableconsent or a maintenance

agreement is generally required.

Sit Spcications

Benches may be installed on the

street subject to a revocable consent

or maintenance agreement rom the

NYC DOT

No bench shall be greater than 6 eetin length

Benches greater than 4 eet in length

shall be designed to discourage

people rom reclining

Benches adjacent and parallel to the

building shall be installed no more

than 6 inches rom the building ace

and, i multiple benches are installed,

they shall be at least 3 eet apart

A bench which is not anchored to the

sidewalk shall be placed against the

building ace during hours that the

beneted property is open to the

public and shall be stored inside the

building when the building is closed

For complete regulations regarding

revocable consents, please reer to

Rules o the City o New York, Title 34

Chapter 7 and on the web at: www.

nyc.gov/html/dot/html/permits/

revconi.shtml

1939 World’s Fair Bench or general use (Credit: NYC DPR)

Hoo Bench (circa 1870) or historic districts

(Credit: NYC DPR)

1964 World’s Fair Bench or general use

(Credit: NYC DPR)

Parc Vue bench or use in contemporary settings(Credit: NYC DPR)



198

FUrNITUre5.7 Wast rcptacls

Wast rcptacls

Among its other responsibilities,

the Department o Sanitation

serices oer 25,000 waste

receptacles that are placed on

thoroughares citywide. Waste

receptacles are concentrated in

commercial areas, where they

may be emptied as requently as

fe times a day. They may also

be placed in predominantly

residential zones and sericed on

residential reuse routes, along

with household trash, two or

three times a wee.Sponso–a–Bast Poam

Sponsoring organizations may

purchase and place custom waste

receptacles with the approval o the

Department o Sanitation. The waste

receptacle design must meet DSNY

specications. Sponsored waste

receptacles may bear the name or

logo o the sponsoring organization,

but cannot include advertising o any

kind. Locations must be submitted orapproval along with the Sponsor–a–

Basket Letter o Intent.

Fo Mo Inomation:

For more inormation regarding

DSNY’s rules, please reer to the


and on the web at: www.nyc.gov/html/

dsny/html/rules_reg/digest.shtml

To sponsor a waste receptacle,

please call 311.

Two examples o custom waste receptacles that conorm to DSNY Sponsor–a–Basket guidelines(Credit: Victor Stanley, Inc.�)

Standard wire mesh public waste receptacle(Credit: Colin Robertson)



199

glossay



200

gLOSSArY Common Tms

Common Tms AAASHTO

(Amican Association o Stat

Hihway Tanspotation Ocials)

A nonprot, nonpartisan association

representing highway andtransportation departments in the

ty states, the District o Columbia,

and Puerto Rico, representing all ve

transportation modes — air, highways,

public transportation, rail, and water.

AASHTO publishes numerous design

guidance publications, including

A Policy on Geometric Design o

Highways and Streets (“Green Book”).

www.transportation.org/?siteid=

37&pageid=310

ADA

(Amicans with Disabilitis Act)

The Americans with Disabilities Act

gives civil rights protections to

individuals with disabilities, similar to

those rights provided to individuals on

the basis o race, color, sex, national

origin, age, and religion. It guarantees

equal opportunity or individuals with

disabilities in public accommodations,

employment, transportation, state

and local government services, andtelecommunications.

www.ada.go/

ADT (Ava Daily Tac)

The average number o vehicles to

pass a certain point or use a certain

roadway per day. Sometimes reerred

to as VPD (Vehicles Per Day), this is

the calculation o the total trac

volume during a given time (in whole

days) divided by the number o days in

that period. (AASHTO: A Policy on

Geometric Design o Highways and

Streets)

Albdo (Pavmnt Albdo)

Albedo is the ability o a surace

material to refect incident solar

(short wave) radiation. It is expressed

on a scale o 0 to 1 where a value o

0.0 indicates that a surace absorbs

all solar radiation and an albedo value

o 1.0 represents total refectivity.

Light–colored suraces generally

have higher albedos than dark–

colored suraces. Pavements with

lower albedo absorb more sunlight

and get hotter. Pavements with higher

albedo absorb less sunlight and are

thereore cooler, mitigating the urban

heat island eect www.epa.go/

heatisland/resources/aq.html#7.

Conventional asphalt has an albedo in

the range 0.04 to 0.12, whileconcrete has an albedo o around 0.5.

(High Perormance Inrastructure

Guidelines) Refectance is also

measured using Solar Refectance

Index (SRI) values.

Atial Stt

The part o the roadway system

serving as the principal network o

through trac fow. The routes

connect areas o principal trac

generation and important rural

highways entering the cities.

(Institute o Trac Engineers Trac

Engineering Handbook)

BBicycl

Every two– or three–wheeled device

upon which a person or persons may

ride, propelled by human power

through a belt, a chain, or gears, withsuch wheels in a tandem or tricycle,

except that it shall not include such a

device having solid tires and intended

or use only on a sidewalk by pre–

teenage children. (New York State

Vehicle and Trac Law, Title 1, Article

1, §102 and Rules o the City o New

York, Title 34, Chapter 4, § 4–01(b))



201

gLOSSArY Common Tms

Bicycl Facilitis

A general term denoting

improvements and provisions made

by public agencies to accommodate

or encourage bicycling, including

parking and storage acilities, and

shared roadways not specically

designated or bicycle use. (AASHTO:


Highways and Streets)

Bicycl Lan/Bi Lan

A portion o the roadway that has

been designated by striping, signing,

and pavement markings or the

preerential or exclusive use o

bicycles. (New York State Vehicle and

Trac Law, Title 1, Article 1,

§ 102–a)

Bicycl Path/Bi Path

A path physically separated rom

motorized vehicle trac by an open

space or barrier and either within the

highway right–o–way or within an

independent right–o–way and which

is intended or the use o bicycles.

(New York State Vehicle and Trac

Law, Title 1, Article 1, § 102–b)

Bicycl rout/Bi rout

A bikeway designated by the

jurisdiction having authority withappropriate directional and

inormational route markers, with or

without specic bicycle route

numbers. Bike routes should establish

a continuous routing, but may be a

combination o any and all types o

bikeways. (AASHTO Guide or the

Development o Bicycle Facilities) In

New York City, bike routes are set

orth in the New York City Cycling

Map and come in three main

categories: Bicycle Path, Class 1

(bridge, park or separated on–street

path); Bicycle Lane, Class 2 (on–street

striped route); and Bicycle Route,

Class 3 (on–street signed route).

BID (Businss Impovmnt

Distict)

A not–or–prot corporation made up

o property owners and commercial

tenants who are dedicated to

promoting business development and

improving an area’s quality o lie.

BIDs deliver supplemental services

such as sanitation and maintenance,

public saety and visitor services,

marketing and promotional programs,

capital improvements, and

beautication or the area — all

unded by a special assessment paid

by property owners within the district.

www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/sbs/html/

neighborhood/bid.shtml

Biway

A generic term or any road, street,path or way which in some manner is

specically designated or bicycle

travel, regardless o whether such

acilities are designated or the

exclusive use o bicycles or are to be

shared with other transportation

modes. (AASHTO: Guide or the

Development o Bicycle Facilities)

Bioswal

A depressed, planted area designed to

convey, capture, and lter stormwaterruno and increase rainwater

inltration. These systems are linear.

The term "street swale" is used

throughout this Manual. (Florida Field

Guide to Low Impact Development:

http://buildgreen.u.edu/Fact_sheet_

Bioswales_vegetated_Swales.pd )

BMP (Bst Manamnt Pactics)

Schedules o activities, prohibitions

o practices, maintenance

procedures, and other management

practices to prevent or reduce the

discharge o pollutants to waters o

the United States. BMPs also include

treatment requirements, operating

procedures, and practices to control

plant site runo, spillage, or leaks,

sludge or waste disposal, or drainage

rom raw material storage.

www.epa.go/npdes/pubs/cgp_

appendia.pd

BrT (Bus rapid Tansit)

A fexible, high perormance rapid

transit mode that combines a variety

o physical, operating, and system

elements into a permanently

integrated system with a quality

image and unique identity.

(Levinson et al., Bus Rapid Transit:Implementation Guidelines, TCRP

Report 90–Volume II)

BrT (Bus rapid Tansit) rout

A road designed to improve the

speed, reliability, and overall

attractiveness o bus service, and

that carries bus lines designated as

“Select Bus Service” by MTA NYCT/

MTA Bus and/or other services

identied as BRT. This also includes

roads that are designated or BRTservice in the uture, through the BRT

Master Plan or other planning

documents.

Bus

Every motor vehicle having a seating

capacity o more than teen adults,

in addition to the operator, and used

or the transportation o persons, and

every charter bus, interstate bus,

intrastate bus, school bus, and

sight–seeing bus, regardless oseating capacity. (Rules o the City o

New York, Title 34, Chapter 4, §

4–01(b))

Bus rout

A street that carries one or more

regularly scheduled local, commuter,

or intercity bus lines running on a

published schedule.

Busway

A physically separated lane reserved

or bus trac.



202

gLOSSArY Common Tms

CCapital Pojct

A. A project that provides or the

construction, reconstruction,

acquisition, or installation o a

physical public betterment orimprovement that would be classied

as a capital asset under generally

accepted accounting principles or

municipalities, or any preliminary

studies and surveys relative thereto,

or any underwriting or other costs

incurred in connection with the

nancing thereo;

B.The acquisition o property o a

permanent nature, including whar

property;

C. The acquisition o any urnishings,machinery, apparatus, or equipment

or any public betterment or

improvement when such betterment

or improvement is rst constructed or

acquired;

D. Any public betterment involving

either a physical improvement or the

acquisition o real property or a

physical improvement consisting in,

including, or aecting (1) streets and

parks, (2) bridges and tunnels, (3)

receiving basins, inlets, and sewers,

including intercepting sewers, plants

or structures or the treatment,

disposal or ltration o sewage,

including grit chambers, sewer

tunnels, and all necessary

accessories thereo, or (4) the encing

o vacant lots and the lling o sunken

lots;

e. Any other project allowed to be

nanced by the local nance law, with

the approval o the mayor and the

comptroller;

F.Any combination o the above.

(New York City Charter § 210.1)

Cast-in-Plac

Term describing a paving material,

such as concrete, that is poured into

place on-site and set to harden

CeQr

(City envionmntal Quality rviw)

A process by which agencies o theCity o New York review proposed

discretionary actions to identiy the

eects those actions may have on the

environment. CEQR is New York City’s

process or implementing SEQRA

(New York State Environmental

Quality Review Act), which requires

that state and local governmental

agencies assess environmental

eects o discretionary actions

beore undertaking, unding, or

approving such actions, unless theyall within certain statutory or

regulatory exemptions rom the

requirements or review. www.nyc.

go/html/oec/html/ceqr/ceqraq.

shtml

Channlization

The separation or regulation o

conficting trac movements into

denite paths o travel by trac

islands or pavement marking to

acilitate the orderly movements oboth vehicles and pedestrians.

(AASHTO: A Policy on Geometric

Design o Highways and Streets)

Cla Path

A straight unobstructed path or

pedestrian circulation on the

sidewalk. (Rules o the City o New

York, Title 34, Chapter 7, § 7–06(c)

(3)). (See also denition o clear path

in DCA’s rules and in the ADA.)

Cocint o FictionA value between 0 and 1 representing

the ratio o the orce o resistance

between the horizontal motion o a

body or object and a surace to the

orce pushing the body or object

down on that surace. Suraces with

lower values, such as ice, are more

slippery, while suraces with higher

values, such as concrete, are less

slippery.

Collcto Stt

The collector street system provides

both land access and trac

circulation within residential,

commercial, and industrial areas. It

diers rom the arterial system in that

acilities on the collector system may

penetrate residential neighborhoods,

distributing trips rom the arterials

through the area to the ultimate

destination. Conversely, the collector

street also collects trac rom local

streets in residential neighborhoods

and channels it into the arterial

system. In the central business

district, and in other areas o like

development and trac density, the

collector system may include the

street grid, which orms a logicalentity or trac circulation. (FHWA:

Functional Classication Guidelines)

Commcial Distict

A commercial district, designated

by the letter C (C1–2, C3, C4–7, or

example), is a zoning district in which

commercial uses are allowed and

residential uses may also be

permitted, as described in the Zoning

Resolution o the City o New York.

www.nyc.go/html/dcp/html/

subcats/zoning.shtml

Community Facilitis

As used in this manual, community

acilities are elements o the

streetscape that serve useul

unctions to street users beyond

inrastructure and vehicular

operations. Examples include street

urniture (e.g., bike racks and

newsstands), public and caé seating,

public art, and plantings. Their use is

generally authorized through permits,revocable consents, and/or

maintenance agreements.



203

gLOSSArY Common Tms

Concssion

A grant made by an agency or the

private use o city–owned property

or which the city receives

compensation other than in the orm

o a ee to cover administrative costs,

except that concessions shall not

include ranchises, revocable

consents, and leases. (NYC Charter,

Section 362(a); Rules o the City o

New York, Title 12)

Contolld–Accss Hihway

Every highway, street, or roadway in

respect to which owners or occupants

o abutting lands and other persons

have no legal right o access to or

rom the same except at such points

only and in such manner as may be

determined by the public authorityhaving jurisdiction over such highway,

street, or roadway.


Law, Title 1, Article 1, § 109)

Cosswal

A. That part o a roadway at an

intersection included within the

connections o the lateral lines o

the sidewalks on opposite sides o

the highway between the curbs or, in

the absence o curbs, between theedges o the traversable roadway;

B. Any portion o a roadway at an

intersection or elsewhere distinctly

indicated or pedestrian crossing by

lines or other markings on the

surace. (New York State Vehicle and

Trac Law, Title 1, Article 1, § 110)

CSO (Combind Sw Ovfow)

A discharge o excess wastewater

rom a combined sewer system

(sewers that are designed to collect

rainwater runo, domestic sewage,

and industrial wastewater in the same

pipe) directly into nearby streams,

rivers, or other water bodies during

periods o heavy rainall or snowmelt

when the wastewater volume exceeds

the capacity o the sewer system or

treatment plant.

cpub.epa.go/npdes/home.

cm?program_id=5

Cuto

Outdoor luminaires may be

categorized according to the our

classications established by the

IESNA o ull cuto, cuto, semi–

cuto, and non–cuto to distinguish

the range in quantity o upward light

and light above a horizontal plane

emitted by a light source.

Cut–Thouh Tac

Trac using minor roadways, usually

residential streets, as shortcuts to

avoid congestion on major streets.

(U.S. Trac Calming Manual,

American Planning Association,

2009)

Cub

A vertical or sloping member along

the edge o a roadway clearly dening

the pavement edge.



DDsin Spd

A selected speed used to determine

the various geometric design eatures

o the roadway. The assumed designspeed should be a logical one with

respect to the topography,

anticipated operating speed, the

adjacent land use, and the unctional

classication o highway.

(AASHTO: A Policy on Geometric

Design o Highways and Streets)

Dsin Vhicl

Selected vehicles, with

representative weight, dimensions,

and operating characteristics, which

are used to establish highway design

controls or accommodating vehicles

o designated classes. (AASHTO: A

Policy on Geometric Design o

Highways and Streets)

Div

Every person who operates or drives

or is in actual physical control o a

vehicle. (New York State Vehicle and


Divway

Every entrance or exit authorized

pursuant to applicable law and used

by vehicular trac to or rom lands or

buildings abutting a highway. (Rules o

the City o New York, Title 34,

Chapter 4, § 4–01(b))

FFla (sidwal)

A fat slab o stone used as a paving

material. ( American Heritage�

Dictionary o the English Language,

Fourth Edition)

Fanchis

A grant by an agency o a right to

occupy or use the inalienable propertyo the city (usually, streets or

sidewalks) to provide a public service.

(NYC Charter, Section 362(b))

Funishin Zon

A multi–purpose area o the roadside.

It serves as a buer between the

pedestrian travel way and the

vehicular area o the thoroughare

within the curbs, and it provides

space or roadside appurtenances

such as street trees, planting strips,street urniture, utility poles, sidewalk

caés, sign poles, signal and electrical

cabinets, phone booths, re hydrants,

bicycle racks, and bus stop shelters.

(Institute o Transportation Engineers

Context Sensitive Solutions in

Designing Major Urban

Thoroughares or Walkable

Communities: An ITE Proposed

Recommended Practice)

ggatway

A combination o trac–calming and

visual measures used at the entrance

to a low speed street to slow entering

vehicles and discourage through–

trac.



204

gLOSSArY Common Tms

gn Boo

See A Policy on Geometric Design o

Highways and Streets.

gn Inastuctu

An adaptable term used to describe

an array o products, technologies,

and practices that use naturalsystems — or engineered systems that

mimic natural processes — to enhance

overall environmental quality and

provide utility services. As a general

principal, green inrastructure

techniques use soils and vegetation

to inltrate, evapotranspirate, and/or

recycle stormwater runo. When

used as components o a stormwater

management system, green

inrastructure practices such as

green roos, porous pavement, raingardens, and vegetated swales can

produce a variety o environmental

benets. In addition to eectively

retaining and inltrating rainall,

these technologies can

simultaneously help lter air

pollutants, reduce energy demands,

mitigate urban heat islands, and

sequester carbon while also providing

communities with aesthetic and

natural resource benets.

cpub.epa.go/npdes/

greeninrastructure/inormation.

cm#glossary

gnstt

Paved trac islands and medians

converted into green spaces lled

with shade trees, fowering trees,

shrubs, and/or groundcover, pursuant

to a program established in 1996 and

as urther reerred to in a Master

Agreement between NYC DOT and

NYC DPR.

HHihway

The entire width between the

boundary lines o every way publicly

maintained when any part thereo is

open to the use o the public orpurposes o vehicular travel.



Hih Wat Tabl

The highest level o the groundwater

in a given area, taking into account

seasonal and periodic storm event

fuctuations.

Histoic Distict

Any area which (1) contains

improvements that have a specialcharacter or special historical or

aesthetic interest or value; and

represent one or more periods or

styles o architecture typical o one or

more eras in the history o they city;

and cause such area, by reason o

such actors, to constitute a distinct

section o the city; and (2) has not

been designated as a historic district

pursuant to Title 25 o the

Administration Code o the City o

New York. (Administrative Code o theCity o New York, Title 25, Chapter 3,

Section 25–302(h))

Hoizontal Dfction

The horizontal (sideways) movement

o moving vehicles compelled through

physical and/or visual changes to the

roadway alignment, or example a

bend in the road.

HPS (Hih Pssu Sodium)

A type o lamp which uses sodium gas

to produce light. It is one o the mostecient sources o light.

IIeSNA

The Illuminating Engineering Society

o North America is a proessional

organization o lighting engineers

with a commitment to sharing theirknowledge and expertise. IESNA has

established recommended guidelines

regarding levels o illumination or

street and pedestrian lighting.

Intsction

The area contained within the grid

created by extending the curblines o

two or more streets at the point at

which they cross each other.

(Rules o the City o New York, Title

34, Chapter 2, § 2–01)

LLeD

A light emitting diode converts

electricity to light through the

movement o electrons. It does not

have a lament and is more ecient

than incandescent bulbs. It consumes

less energy, is more compact, and

lasts longer than traditional lightsources.

Limitd Us Stt

A legally mapped street to be

temporarily closed to motor vehicles

by the Department o Transportation,

in accordance with lawully

authorized signs or other trac

control devices. (Rules o the City o

New York, Title 34, Chapter 4,

§4–12(r)(4))



205

gLOSSArY Common Tms

Local Stt

The local street system comprises all

acilities not on one o the higher

systems. It serves primarily to provide

direct access to abutting land and

access to the higher order systems. It

oers the lowest level o mobility and

usually contains no bus routes.

Service to through trac movement

usually is deliberately discouraged.

(FHWA: Functional Classication

Guidelines)

Local Tac

Vehicular trac whose trip origin

and/or destination are in the

immediate area o a given street.

LOS (Lvl o Svic)

A methodology or measuring trac

fow based on traveler delay and

congestion, dened in the Highway

Capacity Manual (HCM). Grades rom

A to F are used, rom ree fow to

trac jam conditions. Historically

used primarily or motor vehicle

trac, LOS methodologies have also

been devised or pedestrian, bicyclist,

and transit operations.

Low Impact Dvlopmnt (LID)

A comprehensive stormwater

management and site–designtechnique. Within the LID ramework,

the goal o any construction project is

to design a hydrologically unctional

site that mimics predevelopment

conditions. This is achieved by using

design techniques that inltrate,

lter, evaporate, and store runo

close to its source. Rather than rely

on costly large–scale conveyance and

treatment systems, LID addresses

stormwater through a variety o small,

cost–eective landscape eatures

located on–site. LID is a versatile

approach that can be applied to new

development, urban retrots, and

revitalization projects. This design

approach incorporates strategic

planning with micro–management

techniques to achieve environmental

protection goals while still allowing

or development or inrastructure

rehabilitation to occur.

cpub.epa.go/npdes/

greeninrastructure/inormation.

cm#glossary

MMoto Vhicl

Every vehicle operated or driven upon

a public highway which is propelled by

any power other than muscular power,

except as otherwise provided in §

125 o the Vehicle and Trac Law.


34, Chapter 4, § 4–01(b))

MUTCD

(Manual on Uniom Tac

Contol Dvics)Denes the standards used by road

managers nationwide to install and

maintain trac control devices on all

streets and highways. The MUTCD is

published by the Federal Highway

Administration (FHWA) under 23

Code o Federal Regulations (CFR),

Part 655, Subpart F.

mutcd.hwa.dot.go/

OOpatin Spd

The speed at which drivers are

observed operating their vehicles

during ree–fow conditions. The 85th

percentile o the distribution o

observed speeds is the most

requently used measure o the

operating speed associated with a

particular location or geometric

eature. (AASHTO: A Policy onGeometric Design o Highways and

Streets)

PPa

Pain

The standing o a vehicle, whether

occupied or not, otherwise than

temporarily or the purpose o andwhile actually engaged in loading or

unloading property or passengers.


34, Chapter 4, § 4–01(b))

Pa Hou(s)

The hour or hours o greatest

vehicular trac volumes on a given

street or intersection, usually dened

or weekday AM, MD (mid–day) and

PM, and Saturday MD, peak periods.

The peak hours, rather than entire

day, are typically analyzed in a trac

analysis.

Pdstian

Any person aoot or in a wheelchair.



Plaza

An area designated or use by

pedestrians, which may vary in size

and shape; which may abut a sidewalk

and is located ully within the bed o a

roadway; may be at the same level as

the roadway or raised above the level

o the roadway; may be physically

separated rom the roadway by

curbing, bollards, or other separators;

may be treated with special markings

and materials; and may contain

benches, tables, or other acilities or

pedestrian use.

A Policy on gomtic Dsin o

Hihways and Stts

Oten reerred to as the “Green Book,” this document is

published by AASHTO and contains

“design practices in universal use as

the standard or highway geometric

design.” boostore.transportation.

org/item_details.asp?ID=109



206

gLOSSArY Common Tms

Pivat road

Every way or place in private

ownership and used or vehicular

travel by the owner and those having

express or implied permission rom

the owner, but not by other persons.



Public Hihway

Any highway, road, street, avenue,

alley, public place, public driveway, or

any other public way. (New York State

Vehicle and Trac Law, Title 1, Article

1, § 134)

rrain gadnA planted depression that captures

and absorbs rainwater that would

otherwise fow into a storm drain.

(Florida Field Guide to Low Impact

Development: http://buildgreen.u.

edu/Fact_sheet_Bioretention_Basins_

Rain_Gardens.pd)

rstictd Us Stt

A legally mapped street to be

permanently closed to motor vehicles

by the Department o Transportation,and open to use by pedestrians.


34, Chapter 4, §4–12(r)(4))

rvocabl Consnt

A grant by the city o a right,

revocable at will…to an owner o real

property or, with the consent o the

owner, to a tenant o real property to

use adjacent inalienable property

(usually, streets or sidewalks) or such

purposes as may be permitted by

rules o NYC DOT or NYC DoITT.

(For ull denition see NYC Charter,

Section 362(c)(2); Rules o the City o

New York, Title 34, Chapter 7, Section

7–01)

riht o Way

The right o one vehicle or pedestrian

to proceed in a lawul manner in

preerence to another vehicle or

pedestrian approaching under such

circumstances o direction, speed,

and proximity as to give rise to danger

o collision unless one grantsprecedence to the other.



riht–o–Way

A general term denoting land,

property, or interest therein, usually in

a strip, acquired or or devoted to

transportation purposes.

(AASHTO: Guide or the Development

o Bicycle Facilities)

road

An open way or the passage o

vehicles, persons, or animals on land.

(FHWA)

roadbd

The graded portion o a highway

within top and side slopes, prepared

as a oundation or the pavement

structure and shoulder. (FHWA)

roadway

That portion o a street designed,

improved, or ordinarily used or

vehicular travel, exclusive o the

shoulder and slope. (Rules o the City

o New York, Title 34, Chapter 2,

§2–01)

SShad Us Path

A bikeway physically separated rom

motorized vehicular trac by an open

space or barrier and either within the

highway right–o–way or within an

independent right–o–way. Shared

use paths may also be used by

pedestrians, skaters, wheelchair

users, joggers, and other non–

motorized users. (AASHTO Guide or

the Development o Bicycle Facilities)

Scoin (conct)

Marking the surace o concrete or

visual or textural eect. “Tooled joint”

scoring reers to concrete sidewalk

fag joints nished with a hand-

trowelled border. “Simulated saw-cut

joint” scoring reers to concrete

sidewalk fag joints nished using a

spacer to simulate the appearance o

joints cut with a masonry saw.

Sidwal

That portion o a street, whether

paved or unpaved, between the curb

lines or the lateral lines o a roadway

and the adjacent property lines

intended or the use o pedestrians.

Where it is not clear which section is

intended or the use o pedestrians,

the sidewalk will be deemed to be thatportion o the street between the

building line and the curb.

(Rules o the City o New York,

Title 34, Chapter 4, § 4–01(b))

Simulatd Saw-Cut Joint

See scoring (concrete)

Sola rfctanc Ind (SrI)

SRI is a value that incorporates both

solar refectance and emittance in a

single value to represent a material’s

temperature in the sun. SRI quantieshow hot a surace would get relative

to standard black and standard white

suraces. It is calculated using

equations based on previously

measured values o solar refectance

and emittance as laid out in the

American Society or Testing and

Materials Standard E 1980. It is

expressed as a raction (0.0 to 1.0) or

percentage (0% to 100%). (United

States Environmental Protection

Agency: www.epa.go/heatisld/

resources/glossary.htm)

Souc Contol

Action to prevent pollution where it

originates.

www.stormwaterauthority.org/

glossary.asp



207

gLOSSArY Common Tms

Souc rduction

The technique o stopping and/or

reducing pollutants at their point o

generation so that they do not come

into contact with stormwater.

www.cabmphandboos.com/

Documents/Deelopment/Section_7.

pd

Stand

Standin

The stopping o a vehicle, whether

occupied or not, otherwise than

temporarily or the purpose o and

while actually engaged in receiving or

discharging passengers.


Law, Title 1, Article 1, § 145 and

Rules o the City o New York, Title 34,

Chapter 4, § 4–01(b))

Stop

Stoppin

Any halting even momentarily o a

vehicle, whether occupied or not.


34, Chapter 4, § 4–01(b))

Stt

A street, avenue, road, alley, lane,

highway, boulevard, concourse,

parkway, driveway, culvert, sidewalk,

crosswalk, boardwalk, and viaduct,and every class o public road, square

and place, except marginal streets.

(New York City Charter § 210.7)

Stt T

A tree growing in the public right–o–

way.

www.nycgopars.org/sub_your_

par/trees_greenstreets/aq.html

Supplmntay Cmntitious

Matials (SCM)

Industrial by–products such as coal

fy ash, granulated blast urnace slag,

and silica ume that are used as a

partial replacement or portland

cement in concrete. (Green In Practice

107 — Supplementary Cementitious

Materials, Portland Cement

Association). SCM’s are pre–

consumer recycled materials that

would otherwise have been disposed

o in landlls, providing cost savings

to concrete manuacturers and

reducing environmental impact

caused by averting disposal (High

Perormance Inrastructure

Guidelines).

SwalSee Bioswale

TTat Spd

The speed at which vehicles should

operate on a thoroughare in a

specic context, consistent with the

level o multimodal activity generated

by adjacent land uses, to provide bothmobility or motor vehicles and a sae

environment or pedestrians and

bicyclists. The target speed is usually

the posted speed limit. (ITE Context

Sensitive Solutions in Designing

Major Urban Thoroughares or

Walkable Communities)

Thouh Tac

Vehicular trac whose trip origin and

destination are not in the immediate

area o a given street.

Tac

Pedestrians, ridden or herded

animals, vehicles, bicycles, and other

conveyances either singly or together

while using any highway or purposes

o travel. (New York State Vehicle and


Toold Joint

See scoring (concrete)

Tac Calmin

The combination o mainly physical

measures that reduce the negative

eects o motor vehicle use, alter

driver behavior and improve

conditions or non–motorized street

users. As opposed to trac control

devices that are regulatory and

require enorcement, trac calming

measures are intended to be sel–

enorcing. (ITE: Trac Calming: State

o the Practice, 1999)

Tac Contol Dvic

All signs, signals, markings, and

devices placed or erected by

authority o a public body or ocial

having jurisdiction or the purpose o

regulating, warning or guiding trac.

(New York State Vehicle and TracLaw, Title 1, Article 1, § 153)

Tansitway

Any roadway or series o roadways

designated or the exclusive use o

buses or taxis or such other

designated high occupancy vehicles

as may be permitted, during certain

hours o the day, with access to such

roadway(s) limited to one block

thereo to other vehicles or the

purpose o delivery o goods orservices or the picking up or dropping

o o passengers.


34, Chapter 4, § 4–01(b))

Tuc

Except as otherwise specied in the


Chapter 4, § 4–01(b,) a truck is

dened as any vehicle or combination

o vehicles designed or the

transportation o property, which has

either o the ollowing characteristics

two axles, and six tires; or three or

more axles. (Rules o the City o New

York, Title 34, Chapter 4, § 4–13(a))

Tuc rout

See Rules o the City o New York,

Title 34, Chapter 4, § 4–13.



208

gLOSSArY

UUnit Pav

Paving materials that are precast,

such as hexagonal asphalt pavers, or

individually hewn, such as granite

blocks, such that each paver is asingle unit that can be remove or

replaced.

Uban Hat Island

Many urban and suburban areas

experience elevated temperatures

compared to their outlying rural

surroundings; this dierence in

temperature is what constitutes an

urban heat island. The annual mean

air temperature o a city with one

million or more people can be 1.8 to

5.4 degrees F (1 to 3 degrees C)

warmer than its surroundings, and on

a clear, calm night, this temperature

dierence can be as much as 22

degrees F (12 degrees C). Even

smaller cities and towns will produce

heat islands, though the eect oten

decreases as city size decreases. (US

EPA: Reducing Urban Heat Islands:

Compendium o Strategies)

VVhicl

Every device in, upon, or by which any

person or property is or may be

transported or drawn upon a highway,

except devices moved by human

power or used exclusively upon

stationary rails or tracks. (New York

State Vehicle and Trac Law, Title 1,Article 1, § 159 and Rules o the City

o New York, Title 34, Chapter 4, §

4–01(b))

Vtical Dfction

The vertical (upward) displacement o

moving vehicles by way o a raising o

the roadbed surace, or example with

a hump, table, or other raised element.

Common Tms



209

AppndicsA Dsin rviw Cov Sht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

B Ancy rols on th City’s Stts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

C Lal & Dsin guidanc rncs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

D DOT Dsin rviw Pocss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223



210

APPeNDICeSA. Dsin rviw Cov Sht

Dsin rviwCov Sht

Intoduction

The ollowing cover sheet can be attached to all street designs submitted to

NYC DOT or review or approval*. The description o the history, scope, context,

overall project goals, and the major recommendations provided by the submitter

via this orm allows NYC DOT or other reviewing agencies to provide a more

expeditious evaluation, potentially reducing review time and minimizing

requests or revisions late in the project development process.

This version included as part o the Street Design Manual is provided or

reerence only — readers should use the digital version available or download on

NYC DOT’s website at: nyc.ov/sttdsinmanual.

*Not: DDC projects should be submitted to NYC DOT Oce o Capital Program

Management or review coordination. All other projects should be submitted to

the appropriate NYC DOT Borough Commissioner oce or review coordination.



211

APPeNDICeS A. Dsin rviw Cov Sht

A. PrOJeCT INFO

1. Pojct Nam

2. Pojct/Budt ID(s) (i applicabl)

3. Dsin Compltion (%)

4. Lad Ancy/entity

5. Contact(s)

6. Patn Ancis/entitis

7. Pojct Location

Borough

Community District

Council District

Assembly District

Senate District

Congressional District

8. Pojct Aa (precise street limits and scope)

9. Pojct Histoy & Imptus

10. Pojct goals

11. Pojct Budt

12. Fundin Soucs

13. Pojct Scop

14. Dats Statd/Anticipatd to Stat:

Planning

Preliminary Design

Final Design

Construction



212


b. context

1. Histoy & Chaact:Describe the history and character o the project area and how the proposed design responds to these.

2. Land Us:Describe the predominant land uses and densities within the project area, including any historic districts or specialzoning districts, and the compatibility o the proposed design with these.

3. Majo Sits:Major Sites: Describe any major sites, destinations, and trip generators within or proximate to the project area,including prominent landmarks, commercial, cultural and civic institutions, and public spaces, and how the proposeddesign can support these sites.

c. operations

1. Walin:Describe existing walking conditions within the project area, desired uture conditions, and how the proposed designaddresses walking conditions, including pedestrian saety, volumes, comort and convenience o movement, importantwalking connections, and quality o the walking environment.

2. Bicyclin:Describe existing bicycling conditions within the project area, desired uture conditions, and how the proposed designaddresses bicycling conditions, including bicyclist saety, volumes, comort and convenience o movement, existing orproposed bike routes and other important bicycling connections, and bicycle parking.



213


c. operations

3. Moto Vhicls:Describe existing motor vehicle conditions within the project area, desired uture conditions, and how the proposeddesign addresses motor vehicle conditions, including motor vehicle saety, volumes, access, important motor vehicleconnections, appropriateness o motor vehicle trac to the particular street (e.g., local versus through trac) andreducing the negative impacts o motor vehicle trac.

4. Tansit:Describe existing transit conditions within the project area, desired anticipated uture conditions, and how theproposed design addresses transit conditions, including bus routes and operations, subway or other transit stationaccess, and supportiveness o transit usage and users.

5. Tucs/Fiht:Describe existing truck conditions within the project area, desired uture conditions, and how the proposed designaddresses truck conditions, including truck routes, saety, volumes, access, mobility and reducing the negative impactso truck trac.

6. Accss:Describe how the proposed design addresses the needs o those with increased access or mobility requirements suchas the disabled, elderly, and children, including ADA compliance and any school or senior saety zones within the projec

area, i applicable.

7. Cubsid Conditions:Describe existing curbside demand and usage patterns within the project area, desired uture conditions, and how theproposed design addresses curbside conditions, including allocation o space or parking, loading, and drop–o, andpedestrian space.

8. Public Spac:Describe existing public space conditions within the project area and how the proposed design aects public space,including any proposed new public space and any new pedestrian seating or other enhancements to the public realm.



214


c. operations

9. Daina:Describe potential disturbance to existing stormwater fow patterns or existing catch basins, and/or the need or newsewer connections.

10. Stt Cuts:Describe observed requency o utility “cuts” into the roadway within the project area and how the proposed designaddresses street cut conditions, including improvement or consolidation o utility inrastructure.

d. greening

1. Stt Ts:Describe existing street tree coverage within the project area and how street trees are included in the proposed design.

2. gnstts & Plantins:

Describe any existing Greenstreets and Greenstreet opportunities within the project area and any Greenstreets orother planted areas that are included in the proposed design.

3. Stomwat Contol:Describe stormwater runo conditions including the inltration ability o underlying soil within the project area andwhat, i any, stormwater source controls are included in the proposed design.

4. Floodin:Describe any fooding conditions within the project area and how the proposed design addresses fooding.



215


d. greening

5. Maintnanc Patn(s):Describe any potential and/or committed maintenance partners (e.g., DPR) and level o commitment (e.g., watering,weeding, pruning, litter removal, replacements).

6. Pmits:Describe whether any wetlands or coastline areas are within 100 eet o the project area and whether permits rom theNew York State Department o Environmental Conservation or the Army Corps o Engineers are necessary.

e. street design manual

1. Matials, Lihtin & Funitu:Describe existing and proposed street materials, lighting and urniture, including paving materials; lighting poles,xtures and levels; and street urniture.

2. Application:Describe how the proposed design ollows the guidelines o the New York City Street Design Manual in regards tooverall policies and principles, street geometry, materials, lighting, and street urniture.

3. Majo Dviations om guidlins:Where the design deviates rom the guidelines or policies and principles o the Manual, provide explanation.

4. Pilot Tatmnts:Describe any pilot treatments being proposed, whether geometric or material treatments.



216

APPeNDICeSB. Ancy rols on th City’s Stts

This diagram summarizes the roles and responsibilities o city agencies and

other entities related to the most visible aspects o the City’s streets. It does

not include all agencies with street–related roles and is not intended to be a

literal representation o appropriate street urniture locations.

An expanded listing ollows.

Ancy rols on thCity’s Stts

Sidwal

Maintnanc &

rpai

Property Owners

Sidwal Pmits;

rvocabl Consnts;Vaults; Cub Cuts;

Clla Doos;

Nwsacs

Sidwal Shds

NYC DOB

NYC DOT

Utilitis

Variousroadway & SidwalHadwa

MTA

Utility Companies

NYC DEP

Daina, Sws &

Catch Basins

NYC DEP

Stt Funitu;

Supplmntay

Maintnanc & Svics

Various BIDs

(via NYC SBS)

Tac Contols;

roadway rpais

NYC DOT

Coodinatd Stt

Funitu Fanchis

NYC DOT

NYC DCA

Stt T Pmits

& Dsin Standads

NYC DPR

gnstts

NYC DPR

NYC DOT

Pmits o Constuction on

Sidwal o in roadway

NYC DOT

Stt Lihtin;

Liht Pols & Banns

NYC DOT

Facads; Maqus; Awnins;

Canopis & Sina

NYC DOB

NYC DOT

Sidwal Cas

NYC DCA

Bi rac

NYC DOT



217

APPeNDICeS

Ancy rols on thCity’s Stts

The ollowing are agencies,

authorities, and other

organizations that are requently

inoled in the design o streets

in New Yor City. This list is

proided as a reerence tool, or

inormational purposes only and

is not an ehaustie list.

B. Ancy rols on th City’s Stts

Stt Plannin,

Dsin & Constuction

Stt Capital Pojcts

NYC DOT

(initiation, scoping, conceptual design)

www.nyc.go/dot

NYC DEP

(initiation, scoping) www.nyc.go/dep

NYC EDC

(initiation, scoping, conceptual design,

nal design, agency alignment &

construction)

www.nycedc.com

NYC DDC

(conceptual design, nal design,

agency alignment & construction)

www.nyc.go/ddcNYC DPR

(parks, Greenstreets)

www.nyc.go/pars

NYS DOT

(state highways within New York City)

www.nysdot.go

Other city, state, and ederal agencies

and authorities or individual, typically

site–specic projects

Comphnsiv Stt Plannin

NYC DOT

(or most public streets)

www.nyc.go/dot

NYC DCP

(zoning, private streets,

transportation studies)

www.nyc.go/dcp

NYS DOT

(or state and ederal routes)

www.nysdot.go

Dsin o StomwatBst Manamnt Pactics/

Souc Contols

NYC DEP www.nyc.go/dep

NYC DPR www.nyc.go/pars

NYC DOT www.nyc.go/dot

gnstts



Land Acquisition

NYC DCAS www.nyc.go/dcas

NYC DDC www.nyc.go/ddc

NYC SBS www.nyc.go/sbs

NYC Law Department

www.nyc.go/law

NYC DCP (ULURP) www.nyc.go/dcp

Non–Capital Stt Pojcts

NYC DOT (design and

implementation) www.nyc.go/dot

Popl with Disabilitis

Mayor’s Oce or People with

Disabilities www.nyc.go/html/mopd

Stt T &T Pit Dsin Standads


rviws, Appovals & Pmits

Coastal eosion Pmits

NYS DEC www.dec.ny.go

Constuction on Sidwal o

in roadway, Pmits


Cub Cut, eistin Clla Doo,Maqu & Awnin Pmits

NYC DOB www.nyc.go/html/dob

envionmntal rviw

(CeQr/SeQrA/NePA)

Lead agency and involved agencies

vary by project

emncy Vhicl Accss rviw

FDNY www.nyc.go/dny

Histoic Distict rviwNYC LPC www.nyc.go/landmars

Liht Pol Bann Pmits


Nwsacs


rviw o Wos o At and

Stuctus (as dnd in Chapt

37, § 854 o th NYC Chat)



218

APPeNDICeSB. Ancy rols on th City’s Stts

NYC DC www.nyc.go/html/artcom

rvocabl Consnts


NYC DCA

(sidewalk caés)

www.nyc.go/consumersNYC DoITT

(telecommunications)

www.nyc.go/doitt

Sws, Catch Basins &

Daina Appoval

NYC DEP

www.nyc.go/dep

Sidwal Shd Pmits

NYC DOB

www.nyc.go/html/dobSidwal Wo Pmits

NYC DOB

(Builder’s Pavement Plan)

www.nyc.go/html/dob

NYC DOT

www.nyc.go/dot

Spcial evnt/Stt Fai Pmits

CECM www.nyc.go/html/cecm/

NYPD www.nyc.go/nypd

Stt T Pmits

(includin T guads)

NYC DPR

www.nyc.go/pars

Stt Vndo Pmits

NYC DCA

www.nyc.go/consumers

NYC DOHMH

www.nyc.go/health

Vaults & Canopis: PmitsNYC DOT

www.nyc.go/dot

Wat Quality Pmits/Appovals

NYS DEC

www.dec.ny.go

NYC DEP

www.nyc.go/dep

Wtlands Pmits

United States Army Corps o

Engineers www.usace.army.mil

NYS DEC

www.dec.ny.go

Opation & Maintnanc

Coodinatd Stt Funitu

Fanchis (bus stop shlts,

nwsstands, automatic public

toilts, bi shlts)

NYC DOT

www.nyc.go/dot

NYC DCA


gnstts Maintnanc

NYC DPRwww.nyc.go/pars

roadway Maintnanc and rpai

NYC DOT

www.nyc.go/dot

roadway & rtainin Wall

Inspction

NYC DOT

www.nyc.go/dot

NYC DDC

www.nyc.go/ddc

Sidwal Maintnanc and rpai

Property Owners

NYC DOT

(in certain zoning districts or through

prior notice) www.nyc.go/dot

Stt Clanin,

Snow rmoval & Litt rmoval

DSNY

www.nyc.go/sanitation

NYC DOT

www.nyc.go/dot

NYC DPR

www.nyc.go/pars

BIDs

(Business Improvement Districts)

www.nyc.go/html/sbs/html/


Stt Opations (Stt Lihtin,

Tac Contols, tc.)

NYC DOT

www.nyc.go/dot

Supplmntay Maintnanc &

Svics, Stt Funitu

NYC SBS

www.nyc.go/html/sbs

BIDs

(Business Improvement Districts)

www.nyc.go/html/sbs/html/


T Pit Maintnanc

NYC DPR

(rst two years rom planting)

www.nyc.go/pars

Property owners

(ater two years rom planting)

Tansit (Bus) Opations

MTA NYCT

www.mta.ino/nyct

Utilitis

NYC DEP

www.nyc.go/dep

Private Utilities

Empire City Subwaywww.empirecitysubway.com

enocmnt

enocmnt o Tac ruls

(includin pain ulations)

NYPD

www.nyc.go/nypd

Stoop Lin enocmnt

NYC DCA




219

APPeNDICeS C. Lal & Dsin guidanc rncs

Lal & Dsinguidanc rncs

The ollowing are laws, rules,

regulations, and design guidance

documents that may be releant

to the design o streets. This list

is proided as a reerence tool,

or inormational purposes only,

and is not an ehaustie list. All

public and priate actions must

comply with all applicable laws,

rules, and regulations, not solely

those listed below.

Fdal Laws and rulations

Cod o Fdal rulations (CFr)

www.gpoaccess.go/cr/

Manual on Uniorm Trac Control

Devices (MUTCD)

www.mutcd.hwa.dot.go/

Unitd Stats Cod (USC)

uscode.house.go

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

www.ada.go/stdspd.htm

Clean Air Act (CAA)

www.epa.go/air/caa/

Clean Water Act (CWA)

www.epa.go/oecaagct/lcwa.html

National Environmental Policy Act

(NEPA)

www.epa.go/Compliance/nepa/

Stat Laws and rulations

Nw Yo Stat Cod o

ruls and rulations

www.dos.state.ny.us/ino/nycrr.htm


Environmental Conservation (Title 6)


New York State Environmental

Quality Review Act (SEQRA)

www.dec.ny.go/public/357.html


Transportation (Title 17)


Nw Yo Stat envionmntal

Consvation Law (eCL)

public.legino.state.ny.us/

Nw Yo Stat Hihway Law


Nw Yo Stat Tanspotation Law


Nw Yo Stat Vhicl and

Tac Law (VTL)


Local Laws and rulations

Nw Yo City Chat (2004)

(www.nyc.ov/html/chat/)

City Planning (Chapter 8)

Department o Buildings (Chapter 26

Department o CitywideAdministrative Services (Chapter 35)

Department o Consumer Aairs

(Chapter 64)

Department o Design and

Construction (Chapter 55)

Department o Environmental

Protection (Chapter 57)

Department o Health (Chapter 22)

Department o Parks and Recreation

(Chapter 21)

Department o Sanitation

(Chapter 31)

Department o Small Business

Services (Chapter 56)

Department o Transportation

(Chapter 71)

Fire Department (Chapter 19)

Franchises, Revocable Consents and

Concessions (Chapter 14)

Landmarks Preservation Commission

(Chapter 74)

Police Department (Chapter 18)

Public Design Commission/Art

Commission (Chapter 37)

Administativ Cod o th City

o Nw Yo

24.97.137.100/nyc/AdCode/

entered.htm

Budget; Capital Projects (Title 5)

NYC Trac Rules

Construction and Maintenance

(Title 27)

Consumer Aairs (Title 20)

Contracts, Purchases and Franchises

(Title 6)

Environmental Protection and

Utilities (Title 24)



220

APPeNDICeSC. Lal & Dsin guidanc rncs

Local Laws and rulations (cont.)

Fire Prevention and Control (Title 15)

Health (Title 17)

Housing and Buildings (Title 26)

Land Use (Title 25)

Parks (Title18)

Police (Title 14)

Sanitation (Title 16)

Transportation (Title 19)

ruls o th City o Nw Yo

24.97.137.100/nyc/rcny/entered.

htm

City Planning (Title 62)

Community Assistance Unit (Tile 50)

Department o Buildings (Title 1)

Department o Citywide

Administrative Services (Title 55)

Department o Environmental

Protection (Title 15)

Rules Governing the Construction o

Private Sewers

Rules Governing the Use o the Water

Supply

Department o Consumer Aairs

(Title 6)Department o Health (Title 24)

Department o Parks and Recreation

(Title 56)

Department o Sanitation (Title 16)

Department o Small Business

Services (Title 66)

Department o Transportation

(Title 34)

NYC Trac Rules (Chapter 4)

NYC Highway Rules (Chapter 2)Revocable Consents (Chapter 7)

Fire Department (Title 3)

Franchise and Concession Review

Committee (Title 12)

Landmarks Preservation Commission

(Title 63)

Police Department (Title 38)

Public Design Commission/Art

Commission (Title 57)

Zonin rsolution o th

City o Nw Yo

www.nyc.go/html/dcp/html/

subcats/zoning.shtml

City envionmntal Quality rviwwww.nyc.go/html/oec/html/ceqr/

ceqr.shtml

CEQR Technical Manual

www.nyc.go/html/oec/html/ceqr/

ceqrpub.shtml

New York City Charter (Chapter 8)

Rules o the City o New York

(Title 43 and 62)

National Dsin guidanc Soucs

AASHTO

www.transportation.org/


Highways and Streets

(AASHTO: 2004; www.boostore.

transportation.org/item_details.

asp?ID=110)

A Guide or Achieving Flexibility in

Highway Design (AASHTO: 2004;

boostore.transportation.org/item_

details.asp?ID=103)

Guide or the Planning, Design, and

Operation o Pedestrian Facilities

(AASHTO: 2004; boostore.

transportation.org/item_details.

asp?id=119)

Guide or the Development o Bicycle

Facilities (AASHTO: 1999;

boostore.transportation.org/item_

details.asp?ID=104)

Note: A new version o this publication

is expected to be released in early

2009

Amican Plannin Association

(APA)

U.S. Trac Calming Manual

(American Planning Association &American Society o Civil Engineers:

2009)

FHWA

www.hwa.dot.go/

BIKESAFE: Bicycle Countermeasure

Selection System (FHWA: 2006;

www.bicyclingino.org/biesae/)

PEDSAFE: Pedestrian Saety Guide

and Countermeasure Selection

System (FHWA: 2004; www.

walingino.org/pedsae/)

Pedestrian Facilities Users Guide

(FHWA: 2002; www.trb.org/news/

blurb_detail.asp?id=1545)

Designing Sidewalks and Trails or

Access (FHWA: 2001; www.hwa.

dot.go/enironment/sidewals/)

Flexibility in Highway Design

(FHWA: 1997; www.hwa.dot.go/

enironment/e/)



221

APPeNDICeS C. Lal & Dsin guidanc rncs

Public Involvement Techniques or

Transportation Decision–Making

(FHWA/FTA: 1996; www.hwa.dot.

go/reports/pittd/contents.htm)

ITe www.ite.org/

Urban Street Geometric Design

Handbook (ITE: 2008; www.ite.org/emodules/scriptcontent/Orders/

ProductDetail.cm?pc=TB–018)

Context Sensitive Solutions in

Designing Major Urban

Thoroughares or Walkable

Communities: An ITE Proposed

Recommended Practice

(ITE: 2006; www.ite.org/css/)

Trac Calming: State o the Practice

(ITE & FHWA: 1999; www.ite.org/

trafc/tcstate.asp#tcsop)

The Design and Saety o

Pedestrian Facilities

(ITE: 1998; www.ite.org/emodules/

scriptcontent/Orders/ProductDetail.

cm?pc=RP–026A)

MUTCD

mutcd.hwa.dot.go/

U.S. Accss Boad

www.access–board.go/

Accessible Public Rights–o–Way:Planning and Designing or

Alterations (U.S. Access Board:

2007; www.access–board.go/

prowac/alterations/guide.htm)

ADA and ABA Accessibility Guidelines

(U.S. Access Board: 2004; www.

access–board.go/ada–aba/)

The Americans with Disabilities Act

Accessibility Guidelines or Buildings

and Facilities

(U.S. Access Board: 2002; www.access–board.go/adaag/html/

adaag.htm)

Accessible Rights–o–Way: A Design

Guide (U.S. Access Board: 1999;

www.access–board.go/prowac/

guide/PROWGuide.htm)

Local Dsin guidanc Soucs

NYC DCP

www.nyc.go/planning

New York City Bicycle Master Plan

(NYC DCP & NYC DOT: 1997;

www.nyc.go/html/dcp/html/bie/

mp.shtml)

NYC DDC

www.nyc.go/ddc

Active Design Guidelines: Promoting

Physical Activity and Health in Design

(NYC DDC, DOHMH, DOT, DCP &

OMB: Estimated publication 2009)

High Perormance Inrastructure

Guidelines: Best Practices or the

Public Right–o–Way (NYC DDC &

Design Trust or Public Space: 2005)Sustainable Urban Sites Design

Manual (DDC: 2009; www.nyc.go/

html/ddc/html/desogm/reports.

shtml)

NYC DOT

www.nyc.go/dot

Standard Specications

(NYC DOT: 1986; www.nyc.go/html/

dot/html/about/dotlibrary.

shtml#spec)

Standard Details o Construction



shtml#spec)

Street Lighting Specications and

Standard Drawings



shtml#spec)

Instructions or Filing Plans and

Guidelines or the Design o

Sidewalks, Curbs, Roadways and

Other Inrastructure Components

www.nyc.go/html/dot/html/

permits/stpermit.shtml#instructions

Specications or Furnishing All

Labor and Material Necessary and

Required or the Installation, Remova

or Relocation o Street Lighting

Equipment in the City o New York



shtml#spec)

Specications or Furnishing All

Labor and Material Necessary and

Required or the Installation or

Removal o Electrical Trac Signal

Equipment to Control Trac in the

City o New York (NYC DOT: 1995;

www.nyc.go/html/dot/html/about/

dotlibrary.shtml#spec)

School Saety Engineering Project:

General Mitigation Measures Final

Report (NYC DOT: 2004; www.nyc.

go/html/dot/downloads/pd/

schoolsaetymitigation.pd)

NYC DPr

www.nyc.go/pars

Tree Planting Standards

(NYC DPR: 2008; www.nycgopars.

org/sub_permits_and_applications/

images_and_pds/TreePlanting

Standards.pd)

Park Design or the 21st Century:High Perormance Landscape

Guidelines (NYC DPR & the Design

Trust or Public Space: Estimated

publication July 2009)



222

APPeNDICeSC. Lal & Dsin guidanc rncs

Stomwat Souc Contol /

Bst Manamnt Pactics (BMP)

Dsin guidanc Soucs

PlaNYC Sustainable Stormwater

Management Plan

(NYC: 2008; www.nyc.go/html/

planyc2030/html/stormwater/stormwater.shtml)

State o New York Stormwater

Management Design Manual

(New York State Department o

Environmental Conservation: 2008;

www.dec.ny.go/chemical/29072.

html)

City o Chicago Stormwater

Management Ordinance Manual

(Chicago Department o Water

Management: 2008)

City o Portland Stormwater

Management Manual

(Portland Bureau o Environmental

Services: 2008; www.portlandonline.

com/bes/inde.cm?c=47952)

City o Philadelphia Stormwater

Management Guidance Manual

(Philadelphia Water Department

Oce o Watersheds: 2008;

www.phillyrierino.org/Programs/

SubprogramMain.asp?Id=StormwaterManual)

Stt Plannin rsoucs

Downtown Brooklyn Trac Calming

Study (NYC DOT: 2004; www.nyc.

go/html/dot/html/motorist/

dntnblyntra.shtml)

Project Development & Design Guide

(Massachusetts Highway

Department: 2006; www.mhd.state.

ma.us/deault.asp?pgid=content/

designGuide&sid=about)

San Francisco Better Streets

Plan–Drat or Public Review (City

and County o San Francisco: June

2008; www.sbetterstreets.org)

Smart Transportation Guidebook:

Planning and Designing Highways

and Streets that Support Sustainable

and Livable Communities

(New Jersey DOT/Pennsylvania DOT:

2008; www.smart–transportation.

com/guideboo.html)



223

APPeNDICeS D. DOT Dsin rviw Pocss

DOT Dsinrviw Pocss:DDC InastuctuCapital Pojcts

The ollowing two pages illustrate NYC DOT’s design review process or

internally generated street projects that fow through DDC and or externally

generated projects that are initiated by EDC or other entities. In both

conditions, one oce will coordinate DOT’s review and comments. In this way,

the review period or proposed designs will be expedited and responses

coordinated. The chart does not include review by the Oce o Management

and Budget, the Public Design Commission or the Landmarks Preservation

Commission.

DDC

Hihway Dsin

Sidwals and InspctionManamnt

roadway rpai andMaintnanc

Plannin and Sustainability

Boouh Commissions

Oc o ConstuctionMitiation and Coodination/

Pmits

Stt Lihtin & Sinals

Tac Plannin/CeQr

Bi/Pdstian/School Saty

Fanchiss andrvocabl Concns

DOT CPM Coodination



224

APPeNDICeSD. DOT Dsin rviw Pocss

DOT Dsinrviw Pocss:eDC and PivatScto SttscapPojcts

DOT Boouh CommissionCoodination

eDC o PivatScto entitis

Hihway Dsin

Sidwals and InspctionManamnt

roadway rpai andMaintnanc

Plannin and Sustainability

Oc o ConstuctionMitiation and Coodination/

Pmits

Stt Lihtin & Sinals

Tac Plannin/CeQr

Bi/Pdstian/School Saty

Fanchiss andrvocabl Concns

Capital Poam Manamnt



225

Ind

Ind AAccssibility, 22, 39

buses, 70

medians and, 73

in shared streets, 59, 60

on sidewalks, 62

Albdo. See Solar Refectance

Index values

Allianc luminais and pols, 160

Allianc tac sinal pol, 188

Asphalt

applications, 109, 110, 111, 127, 128,

136, 144

composition, 109, 111

high albedo, 110

imprinted, 109, 144

maintenance, 109, 110, 111, 127,

128, 136

mastic, 127

pavers, 115, 128, 136

pilot project applications, 110, 111

porous, 111

thermoplastic imprinting on, 118

Asphaltic conct, 108

Automatd public toilts, 195

Automobils. See Motor Vehicles

BBnchs, 197

Bicycl boulvads, 32

Bi lans/paths, 3, 16, 31, 50–55

buered, 50, 51, 52, 55

“dooring” and, 52

emergency vehicle access and, 52

geometric treatment and design, 50–55

grade-separated, 52intersections and, 53

markings or, 51

median-separated, 52, 53

one-way, 50

parking loss and, 54–55

parking-separated, 50, 52

protected with mixing zones, 54

right-o-way and, 52

saety issues, 52

shared use, 53, 55

signal protected, 54

signed route, 55

space requirements, 54–55

standard, 55

trac calming and, 51

visual emphasis or, 51

Bis and bicyclin

parking/racks, 38, 69, 191, 193

road suraces preerred, 108

shelters, 193

street design and, 22, 23, 38

Bioswals. See Street swales

Bishops Coo liht pols, 168

Bluston applications, 129

fags, 129

maintenance, 129

Bluston sidwal, 129

Bollads, 82, 84

Boulvads, 31, 59, 72, 90

Build’s Pavmnt Plan, 106

Bus lans/busways, 31, 56–58

boarding islands and, 56

bulbs, 70

curb-aligned, 56, 57, 58

delivery accommodations and, 56, 58

double, 57

geometric treatment and design, 56–58interior, 56

intersection design and, 56, 57

location, 56

marking designations, 57

median, 56, 58

minimization o vehicle intrusion in,

57, 58

o-board are collection, 32

parking loss and, 56

passenger shelters, 70

queue-jump, 56, 57

queuing areas, 32

red-colored, 56, 57

rights-o-way and, 56

separated, 58

Bus stop shlts, 192



226

Ind

CChicans, 71, 85

City envionmntal Quality rviw,

26, 45, 104

City Liht liht pols, 170

Cla Con Policy, 62

Cobblston oadways, 113, 114

Cobblstons, 113, 133

applications, 114, 134, 135

concrete, 134

maintenance, 135

modular, 114, 135

Coba had luminais, 155, 174

Conct

applications, 108, 112, 115, 120, 121,122, 123, 134, 137, 145

cobble, 134

color, 108

composition, 108, 112, 122, 139

curbs, 141

with exposed aggregate, 122, 137

hexagonal pavers, 145

maintenance, 108, 115, 120, 121,

122, 123, 137

permeable, 115

porous, 125

sand-colored with exposed aggregate,124

sidewalks, 120–125

with silicon carbide treatment, 123

tinted, 121–123, 122, 123, 140

untinted, 120, 139

Coodinatd Stt Funitu Fanchis,

192, 195

Cosswals

materials, 116–118

street design, 116–118

thermoplastic imprinting, 118

Cul-d-sacs, 83, 84

Cub tnsions, 31, 32, 46, 65–71

“blockbuster,” 66

bus bulb, 70

chicane, 71

choker, 71

with community acilities, 69

corner, 23

curbside loading between, 66

design or, 67

emergency access and, 67

urnishings and, 69

with Greenstreet plantings, 68–71

landscaped, 68

locations, 66

maintenance and, 68, 69

mid-block narrowing, 23, 71

planted swales and, 68

stormwater management and,

67, 68

trac calming and, 69

width, 67

Cub(s)

concrete, 139, 140

extensions, 65–71

granite, 142

integral concrete with gutter, 141

materials or, 137–142

mountable, 82

radii, 46, 87

steel-aced, 139

Cut-o. See Lighting

DDavit liht pols, 156, 158, 162,

174, 175

Dcoativ avl, 146

Dsin and viw pocss, 17, 24, 26,

223–224

Dsin Commission, 17, 26, 106

Diaonal tac divts, 82

Daina, 39, 47, 67, 73

eemncy accss, 46

bus lanes/busways and, 56, 58

curb extensions and, 67

in ull closures, 84

medians and, 72

speed reducers and, 76–77



227

Ind

FFlatbush Avnu liht pols, 158,

162, 163

Floodin, 39

Flushin Madows luminais and pols,

177

Focd tun divts, 81

Fiht. See Trucks

Full closu divts, 84

Full sidwal, 62, 63

Fulton luminais and pols, 159, 176

Funishin zons, 132

applications, 132

locations, 132

sidewalk, 63, 132–137

Funitu, 27, 32, 190–198


ggatways, 32, 33, 60, 78, 90

as transitions, 78

gnal stts, 31

gomtic tatmnt and dsin,

27, 43–99

accessibility and, 46

applicability, 45

design vehicles and, 46


unction o, 45

guidance sources, 45

intersections and, 46

limited usage, 45, 52–53, 56–58, 78,

80, 81, 90, 98

mixed roadways, 49

pedestrian street, 33pilot project usage, 45, 58, 77, 82, 83,

84, 85, 86, 91, 99

plantings and, 47, 93–97

roundabouts and neighborhood

trac circles, 86–89

slow streets, 32

transit street, 32

wide usage, 45, 49, 50, 51, 62–74,

76, 93

goals

policy, 21–24

project, 40

ganit

applications, 113, 117, 130, 133, 142

maintenance, 113, 130, 133

ganit bloc oadbd, 113

ganit bloc sidwal, 133

ganit cubs, 142

ganit pavs, 117

ganit slab sidwal, 130

gavl

applications, 146, 147

decorative, 146

resin-bound, 147

gnstts, 31, 32, 33, 39, 47, 98

HHal closu divts, 83

Handicappd accss. See Accessibility

Hat island ct, 93, 98, 110

Hlm luminais, 161–162

Haonal asphalt pavs, 128

Haonal conct pavs, 145

Hih albdo asphalt, 110

Histoic disticts, 121

granite curbs, 142

roadways, 113

sidewalks, 62, 129



228

Ind

IImpintd asphalt, 109, 144

Intal conct cub and utt, 141

Intlocin pmabl pavs, 115

Intsctions bike lanes/paths and, 53

complex, 46

“daylighting” o, 67

multi-leg, 46

raised, 32, 33, 91

redesign, 46

saety at, 81, 82, 83

skewed angle, 46

slip lanes, 46

stop-controlled, 91

LLand us, 29, 38

contexts, 31

shared streets and, 59–60

street design and, 38

LeD Post Top luminais, 182

LeD Typ A luminais, 171, 183

LeD Typ e luminais, 172, 184

Lihtin, 27, 150–188cuto optics, 157, 159, 160

fat glass optics, 161

historic usage, 163, 164, 165,

166, 167

medium semi-cuto, 157

non-cuto optics, 164

optional usage, 157, 160, 161–162,

175, 176

pedestrian, 174–184

pilot project usage, 181,

182, 183

semi-cuto optics, 165

standard usage, 155, 159, 174

street, 155–172

street design, 155–172

teardrop optics, 164

trac signal poles, 185–188

Lihtpol banns, 196

London pavs, 126

Luminais. See Lighting

MMaintnanc amnts

materials, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126,

128, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135,

136, 137, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147

planting, 39

Mastic asphalt, 127

Matials, 27, 102–147

consistency o, 24

historic usage, 113, 129, 130, 142

land use contexts and, 31

maintenance, 24

optional usage, 114, 117, 118, 122,

124, 126, 128, 133, 134, 136, 142,

144, 146, 147

pilot project usage, 115, 125, 127, 131

standards or commercial districts, 104standard usage, 104, 108, 120, 121,

139, 140

Mdian bais, 80

Mdian saty islands, 56, 71, 72, 74,

78, 80

Mdians, 31, 72–74

bike lanes/paths and, 53


handicapped access and, 73

Mid oadways, 49

Modula cobbl, 135

Moto vhicls. See Vehicles

NNcdowns. See Curb extensions

Nihbohood tac cicls, 86-87, 88

Nwsstands, 194

Nw Yo City Bicycl Mast Plan, 50

Nw Yo Stat Vhicl & Tac Laws,

46



229

Ind

OOctaonal liht pols, 156, 158, 162,

174, 175

PPain

alternate side, 85

bicycle, 22, 38, 69, 191, 193

losses, 54, 55, 56

Pavs

applications, 117, 126, 128, 131,

136, 145

asphalt, 115, 136

concrete, 145

granite, 117

hexagonal asphalt, 128

historic, 121

London, 126

rubber, 131

Pdstian

access, 23

crossings, 46, 59, 65–69, 72, 74, 90,

91, 116–118

median saety islands and, 74

plazas, 23

saety, 38, 74, 83, 84

separation rom trac, 49shared streets, 59–60

volume, 49

Pdstian lihtin, 174–184

Pdstian stts, 33, 49, 109, 113

Pmits, 39, 99, 104, 106, 196, 197

wetland, 39

Plannin pocss, 28–37

land use and, 29

Plantins, 23, 93–97

with chicanes, 85curb extensions and, 68, 69

diverters, 80

geometric treatment and design, 47

Greenstreets, 98

habitat opportunities and, 93

maintenance and, 93

maximization o, 23

medians and, 72, 73, 74

mid-block narrowings, 71

pollution and, 98



sidewalk, 62, 64

stormwater management and, 93

street noise and, 93

strips, 64

tree pits, 93–97

Plazas, 23, 143, 144–147

Pols, lihtin. See also Lighting

davit, 155, 156, 158, 162,

174, 175

Flatbush Avenue, 162, 163

Flushing Meadows, 177

octagonal, 155, 156, 158, 162,

174, 175

round, 155, 156, 158, 162, 174, 175

TBTA, 164–165, 175, 180

trac signal, 186–188

WM, 162, 175

Pollution, 18

plantings and, 98

tree pits and, 93

Poous asphalt, 111

Poous conct, 125

Public spacs, 23, 46

expansion o, 23

seating in, 23


street design and, 39

rraisd cossin, 90

raisd intsction, 91

raisd spd ducs, 76

rsin-bound avl, 147

rstipin, 46

rvocabl consnts, 59, 62, 69, 78,

197, 202

ribbon sidwal, 62, 64, 120

roadways and lans, 107.

See also Street(s)

cobblestone, 113, 114

curbless, 59–60

geometric treatment and design, 46, 47

grading, 49, 73

high albedo asphalt, 110



230

Ind

roadways and lans (Continued)

materials or, 107–115

mixed trac, 31, 32, 49

permeable, 11, 115

serpentine, 85

shared, 31, 32, 44, 49, 53, 55, 59, 60,

62, 78, 89

width considerations, 46

roundabouts, 86, 88-89

round liht pols, 156, 158, 162,

174, 175

round top had liht pols, 181

rubb pavs, 131

SSaty, 21, 22, 46


pedestrian, 38

or vulnerable groups, 22

Sand-colod conct, 124

Shad stts, 31, 32, 49, 59–60, 78

Shildd tadop luminais, 165, 180

Sidwals, 32, 36, 62–71, 119

accessibility, 62

Cla Con Policy and, 62

cross-slope, 62

curb extensions, 65–69

distinctive, 106


historic, 121, 129, 130

load-bearing requirements, 62

maintenance and, 62, 106

paving materials, 120–131

pedestrian ramps, 62, 63

plantings and, 62, 64, 93–99

ribbon, 62, 64

stormwater management and, 49, 62,68, 98, 99, 125

tinted concrete, 121–123

utility inrastructure and, 62

Sidwals, unishin zons,

63, 132–137

Slow stts, 32

Snow clain


chicanes and, 85

curb extensions, 65

raised crossings and, 90

raised intersections, 91

raised speed reducers and, 76

Sola rfctanc Ind valus, 23, 110

Spd

bumps, 76cushions, 76–77, 77

humps, 76, 77

mid-block narrowing and, 71

raised speed reducers, 71, 76–77

reduction, 32, 60, 76–77, 78, 85,

88, 91



school zones, 76

tables, 76

target, 46, 91

Squa asphalt pavs, 136

Stad luminais, 157, 175

Stomwat manamnt, 18, 23, 27,

39, 46

with chicanes, 85

curb extensions and, 67, 68

drainage swales and, 64

geometric treatment and design, 47

materials and, 111

medians and, 73

plantings and, 93

roadway, 49

shared streets and, 59, 60

sidewalks and, 32, 62

street, 85

swales, 64

tree pits and, 93, 97

Stt dsin, 28, 29

access and mobility, 21, 22, 39

application, 39

balanced ideas o, 19

bicycling and, 38

context, 21, 23

cost-eectiveness, 21, 24

crosswalks, 116–118, 117–118

curbs, 139–142

curbside conditions and, 39

divergence, 39

drainage, 39

fooding, 39

urniture, 39, 133–137

goals, 20–24



231

Ind

Stt Dsin (Continued)

greening and, 23, 39

history, 18, 38

land use and, 29, 38

lighting, 39

livability, 21, 23

local streets, 36–37

maintenance partners and, 39

major sites, 38

materials and, 39, 104–147

network role, 38

operations, 38–39

pedestrian lighting, 174–184

permits (See Permits)

pilot treatments, 39

plantings, 93–97, 93–99

plazas, 144–147

policies, 20–24

principles, 22–24project development in, 40–42

property values and, 19

public space, 39

retail activity and, 19

roadway materials, 107–115

roadways and lanes, 49–59, 107–115

saety, 21, 22, 46

sidewalks, 62–64, 62–71, 106,

120–131

stormwater management and, 23, 39

street context, 38

street cuts, 39street lighting, 155–172

sustainability, 21, 23

target speed, 46

through streets, 34–35

trac calming, 76–91

trac signal poles, 185

transit, 38

trees, 39 (See also Tree Pits)

trucks/reight, 38

trucks/reight and, 38

vehicles, 38

visual excellence, 21, 24

walking, 38

width, 38

Stt(s)

bicycle boulevards, 32

boulevard, 31

cuts, 39

context, 38

history, 18

local, 23, 36–37

management, 28, 29

neighborhood character and, 23

operations, 38–39

pedestrian, 33, 49, 109, 113

planning, 28, 29

reconstruction, 24, 26

resuracing, 26

sample, 33–37

shared, 31, 32, 49, 59–60, 78

slow, 32

through, 23, 34–35

transit, 32

typologies, 30–33

visual quality o, 24

width, 38

Stt swals, 32, 64, 68, 99

Stt swpin


chicanes and, 85

and curb extensions, 65

TTBTA liht pols, 158, 164, 165,

175, 180

Tadop luminais, 165, 180

Thmoplastic impintd asphalt, 118

Tintd conct, 121, 122, 123

Tintd conct cubs, 140

Toilts, automatic public, 195

Tac

circles (See Roundabouts and

Neighborhood trac circles)

engineering, 18

negative eects o, 18

truck, 22

Tac calmin, 32, 46, 75–91

bike lanes and, 51

chicane, 85


diagonal diverter, 82

orced turns, 81

ull closure, 84

gateways, 78


hal closure barriers, 83

medians and, 72, 80

mid-block narrowing and, 71



Ind

Tac Calmin (Continued)

raised crossings, 90

raised intersection, 91

raised speed reducers, 76–77




speed cushions, 77

trac diverters, 79–84

Tac divts, 79–84

Tac sinal pols, 186–188.

See also Lighting

WWalin, 22, 23, 32, 38, 46, 59, 66,

72, 82

Wast cptacls, 198

WM liht pols, 158, 162, 175

Wold’s Fai luminais and pols, 179

Z