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agriculture,forestry & fisheriesDepartment: Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesREPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
SStrtrategy for the ategy for the
development of small and development of small and
medium agro-processing medium agro-processing
enterprises enterprises
in thein the
RRepublic of epublic of SSouthouth AAfricafrica
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES
SStrategy for the trategy for the
development of small and development of small and
medium agro-processing medium agro-processing
enterprises enterprises
in thein the
RRepublic of epublic of SSouthouth AAfricafrica
2015
Published by Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Design and layout by Directorate: Communication Services
Obtainable from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Directorate: Agro-processing Support Private Bag X416 Pretoria 0001
iiiDepartment of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
CONTENTSAcronyms ........................................................................................................................................ v
Preamble ........................................................................................................................................ vii
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1
2. Agro-processing in context ....................................................................................................... 1
3. Problem statement ................................................................................................................... 3
4. Interventions to support and develop SME agro-processing industry ...................................... 4
4.1 Entrepreneurial support .................................................................................................. 5
4.2 Enterprise development .................................................................................................. 6
4.2.1 Access to fi nance ............................................................................................................ 7
4.2.2 Market access ................................................................................................................. 7
4.2.3 Incubation ....................................................................................................................... 8
4.3 Industry research and transfer of technology ................................................................. 8
4.4 Infrastructure investment ................................................................................................ 9
5. Roles and responsibilities ........................................................................................................ 10
6. Implementation plan ................................................................................................................. 13
7. Reporting mechanisms ............................................................................................................ 15
8. Monitoring and evaluation ........................................................................................................ 16
9. References ............................................................................................................................... 19
iv Strategy for the development of small and medium agro-processing enterprises
LIST OF FIGURESFig. 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Fig. 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 3
Fig. 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Fig. 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 6
LIST OF TABLESTable 1.............................................................................................................................................. 2
Table 2.............................................................................................................................................. 3
Table 3.............................................................................................................................................. 4
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries v
ACRONYMS AgriBEE Agricultural Black Economic Empowerment
ARC Agricultural Research Council
BBBEE Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment
CSIR Council for Scientifi c and Industrial Research
DAFF Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
DFI Development Finance Institutions
DSBD Department of Small Business Development
DST Department of Science and Technology
EDD Economic Development Department
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation
FSSC Food Safety Standards Certifi cation
GAP Good Agricultural Practice
GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
GMP Good Manufacturing Practice
HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
IDC Industrial Development Corporation
IPAP Industrial Policy Action Plan
ISIC International Standard Industrial Classifi cation
MCEP Manufacturing Competitiveness and Effi ciency Programme
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MTSF Medium Term Strategic Framework
NAMC National Agricultural Marketing Council
NDP National Development Plan
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
NGP New Growth Path
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
PICC Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Commission
PPP Public Private Partnership
R&D Research and Development
SIP Strategic Infrastructure Programme
SLA Service Level Agreement
SME Small and medium enterprises
SOE State Owned Enterprises
TIHMC The Innovation HUB Management Company
the dti Department of Trade and Industry
viiDepartment of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
PREAMBLEThe National Development Plan (NDP) and the Industrial Policy Action Plan (IPAP) identifi ed the poten-tial of agro-processing to motivate growth and development through backward and forward linkages with other sectors of the economy. Furthermore, agro-processing is among the sectors that has highest employment multipliers in the economy. However, the sector remains largely concentrated and entry and active participation of small and medium enterprises is limited.
The contribution of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) towards national development objectives of reducing unemployment and poverty is well-documented, emphasising the need for a focused approach by government to strategically support and develop manufacturing industry in general, and agro-pro-cessing industry in particular (APAP, 2015; IPAP, 2013; NDP, 2011; NGP, 2010).
This strategy seeks to articulate how government at National, Provincial and Local spheres would sup-port and develop SME agro-processing enterprises. Implementation of this Strategy is in line/conjunc-tion with National Small Business Amendment Act 29 of 2004, Broad Based Black Economic Empower-ment Act 53 of 2003, National Policy on Food and Nutrition Security, Agricultural Marketing Policy, Integrated Small Enterprise Development Strategy, Integrated Marketing Strategy for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Smallholder Development Programme and relevant Provincial Strategies. This strategy is written at a crucial time when there is clarion call for strategic direction as well as better tar-geted support for agro-processing SME. It is crafted against the background of the following practical realities:
• there is currently no national strategy to give a direction on support and development of SME agro-processing industry in South Africa;
• implementation of SME agro-processing initiatives is fragmented and disjointed because of lack of strategic cohesion at both National, Provincial and Local level;
• provision of funding towards support and development of SME agro-processing initiatives is mea-gre and available funding mechanism is geared towards large agro-processors;
• potential SME agro-processors fi nd it challenging to penetrate the mainstream market within agro-processing industry characterised by high concentration;
• empirical research depicts knowledge, skills and experience of potential agro-processors as low, requiring signifi cant improvement given agro-processing is technology intensive;
• agro-processing has a high propensity to create rural jobs and encourage rural economies through investment and development.
The aim of this Strategy is to adequately and comprehensively address these gaps and create an ena-bling environment for SME agro-processors to fully and actively participate in the mainstream economy. While this Strategy provides a strategic direction for the interventions for development of SMEs, the choice of approach, process and products are extensively articulated in Provincial strategies.
While DAFF will lead the strategic processes in this regard, it recognises the role that other Departments have played in providing valuable inputs in this process, notably the Department of Trade & Industry (the dti), the Economic Development Department (EDD) and its agencies, Department of Small Business Development (DSBD), Department of Rural Development & Land Reform (DRDLR) and Provincial Departments of Agriculture & Rural Development; as well as the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC), the National Agricultural Marketing Council (NAMC) and the Agricultural Research Council (ARC). Government recognises the role that other non-governmental and social partners will continue to play in the implementation of the interventions outlined in this document.
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 1
1. INTRODUCTION This strategy on support and development of small and medium agro-processing enterprises was devel-oped to provide guidance towards the implementation of National Development Plan (NDP, 2011); Industrial Policy Action Plan (IPAP, 2013) and the Agricultural Policy Action Plan (2015). The strategy is directly linked to the following outcomes identifi ed by government in the Medium Term Strategic Framework (MTSF, 2014):
• Outcome 4: decent employment through inclusive growth
• Outcome 5: a skilled and capable workforce to support an inclusive growth path
• Outcome 6: an effi cient competitive and responsive economic infrastructure network
• Outcome 7: vibrant, equitable, sustainable rural communities contributing towards food secu rity for all
• Outcome 10: protect and enhance our environmental assets and natural resources.
The strategy aims to assist in the fulfi lment of strategic vision of the National Development Plan. Agro-processing is among the sectors identifi ed by the National Development Plan (NDP, 2011); New Growth Path (NGP, 2010); Industrial Policy Action Plan (2013) and Agricultural Policy Action Plan (APAP, 2015) for its potential and ability to encourage growth and create jobs, owing to its strong backward linkage with the primary sector and input suppliers but also forward linkages related to income generated from agriculture, forestry and fi sheries that may enhance domestic and local demand for manufactured goods.
As South Africa has become a net importer of processed agriculture, forestry and fi sheries products and the demand for processed, healthy and quality food is increasing owing to growth in urbanisation and the middle class, there is an opportunity for the country to explore the growth of its agro-processing in-dustry through localisation by promoting the entrance and active participation of smallholder farming entrepreneurs and SMEs agro-processors.
Therefore, persuaded by imperatives to enhance and broaden participation of SME agro-processing into mainstream manufacturing sector, the strategy for the development of SME agro-processing is de-veloped to realise a competitive, sustainable and inclusive agro-processing industry in South Africa. This strategy, therefore, contributes towards reducing the movement of raw products from rural areas to metropolises for processing and then transporting them back at higher prices to the same rural areas where they were produced. Furthermore, it contributes towards a signifi cant reduction of post-harvest losses encountered by smallholder producers through supporting and developing localised agro-pro-cessing activities.
2. AGRO-PROCESSING IN CONTEXTAgro-processing refers to those activities that change the form of agricultural, forestry and fi sheries products into various forms to facilitate easier handling and increase shelf-life. Agro-processing is also defi ned as a set of technology and economical activities undertaken on a basic agriculture, forestry and fi sheries product with the aim of transforming it into usable items such as food, fi bre, fuel and industrial raw material (FAO, 1997).
It is critical to differentiate between two terms that are mostly used interchangeably, namely, processing and value addition. Processing entails changing the form of a product; while value addition implies ad-dition of value to a product after which a buyer is willing to pay a price for the product that more than compensates for the cost of the inputs used in the process. Value can be added to products without changing their physical form, for example washing or cleaning, grading or labeling. Examples of se-lected processed products are listed in Table 1 below.
2 Strategy for the development of small and medium agro-processing enterprises
TABLE 1 Examples of selected regular agro-processing products
Primary products Processed products
Fruit based Dehydrated fruit Juices & beverages Jam & jelly Paste, sauce & concentration
Vegetable based Frozen cut veggies Dehydrated veggies Pickles & chips Sauces and chutney
Grain based Flour Cereals Bread & biscuits Weaning foods
Milk based Butter Cheese Ice-cream Yoghurt
Sugar cane Vinegar Sugar Juice Sweets
Forestry based Pulp & Paper Veneer & ply wood Lump charcoal Furniture
Fisheries based Fish paste Minced fi sh Canned fi sh Fillet
Agro-processing techno-economic activities may be demarcated into three (3) broad categories which increases in technology use and human capital as the stage of processing increases from upstream which is classifi ed as primary processing to downstream processing classifi ed as advanced agro-pro-cessing (see Fig. 1). The interventions in the advanced agro-processing category are currently imple-mented by the dti and its subsidiary, the IDC and the Department of Science & Technology, through its subsidiary CSIR, this Strategy will focus on small and medium rural based agro-processing initiatives, particularly those located within the primary and secondary agro-processing category, as the current interventions are inadequate to meet the needs and challenges of this segment.
FIG. 1 Different phases of agro-processing activities
Primary agro-processing Secondary agro-processing Advanced agro-processing
Crop drying, threshing, cleaning, cutting, peeling, sorting, grading, storage,
packaging & labelling
Milling grain to fl our, grinding groundnuts to peanut butter, pressing oil out of vegetable seeds, pressing juice out of
fruit, cheese out of milk, paper from wood, mince/
sausage from meat
Canning & bottling, extraction for perfumes, mixing/combining to recipe, fl avoring, baking and
cooking
These activities are mainly carried out at farm and only transform commodity into
slight ly different form prior to storage and further
These agro-processing activities performed by big
corporates & multi nationals
Agro-processing activities by large corporates and multi
nationals
Intensity of human capital requirements
The wide-ranging nature of agro-processing activities implies a very wide range and heterogeneity of activities which make classifi cation quite complex. However, the United Nations’ International Standard Industrial Classifi cation (ISIC, 2013) has alleviated uncertainty around how to classify agro-processing products by defi ning a standard classifi cation of agro-industry as consisting of:
• Food and beverages
• Tobacco products
• Paper and wood products
• Textiles, footwear and apparel
• Leather products
• Rubber products.
Intensity of agro-processing technology usage
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 3
The Standard Industrial Classifi cation further disaggregates agro-processing industry into several cat-egories. Food and beverage subcomponents, for example, are demarcated into the following four codes:
• Code 301 refers to manufacturing, processing and preservation of meat, fi sh, vegetables, oils, and fats.
• Code 302 refers to manufacturing, processing and preservation of dairy products.• Code 303 refers to manufacturing of grain mill products, starch products and prepared animal
feeds.• Code 304 refers to manufacturing of other food products like sugar, chocolate, pasta, coffee, nuts,
and spices.
It is also important to defi ne what is meant by the term ‘’small and medium agro-processing enterprises’’ (SMEs). The National Small Business Amendment Act 29 of 2004 defi nes SMEs according to certain characteristics such as the total full-time equivalent of paid employees, total turnover and total gross asset value (excluding fi xed property). Table 2 summarises the classifi cation of SMEs in the agriculture, forestry and fi sheries sector.
TABLE 2 Classifi cation of SMEs
Sector Size or class Total full-time equivalent of paid employees <
Total annual turnover < Total gross asset value (fi xed property excluded) <
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Small 50 R3 m R3 m
Medium 100 R5 m R5 m
Source: Classifi cation of SMEs according to the dti National Small Business Amendment Act 29 of 2004
3. PROBLEM STATEMENTSouth Africa faces numerous key economic and social challenges which are: high unemployment rates, high poverty rate and high inequality (APAP, 2015; IPAP, 2013; GEM, 2013; NDP, 2011and NGP, 2010). Unemployment rate averaged 26% over a decade (2000-2012) while the Gini coeffi cient measur-ing inequality was at its highest at 0.68 (StatsSA, 2013).
In order to address the challenges of national economic development, unemployment and food insecu-rity, this strategy aims to support and develop SMEs agro-processors. Fig. 2 provides a non-exhaustive list of key challenges hindering SMEs from participating in agro-processing activities. The major binding constraints facing SME agro-processing enterprises are lack of appropriate technology, access to fi -nance, inadequate infrastructure and lack of technical and entrepreneurial skills.
FIG. 2 Constraints limiting participation of SME in agro-processing
National economic development, employment and food security potential under-realised
Access to fi nance High post-harvest loss Non-compliance to market standards
Lack of appropriate technology
Market concentration Lack of appropriate
technologyInadequate agro-processing
infrastructure
Limited participation of SMEs in agro-processing
Limited market access
4 Strategy for the development of small and medium agro-processing enterprises
Stringent food safety norms, standards and regulations, coupled with poor processing infrastructure entail high transaction costs resulting in barriers to entry in agro-processing activities. As a result SMEs are not able to comply with all the necessary requirements to get certifi cation of their produce and pro-duction processes. In addition, high degrees of market concentration is observed in the agro-processing industry, which is manifested fi rst in the domination of supermarkets at the downstream end of the sup-ply chain, which put pressure on upstream food processors to compete for valuable retail shelf space. This has resulted in some cases of mergers and acquisitions in the agro-processing sector. Since SME agro-processors are less able to meet the volumes needed to become listed suppliers and faced with the abovementioned challenges, they could not access formal markets which are vital for promoting their participation in the mainstream economy and creating an inclusive agro-processing industry in South Africa. As a result, rural areas largely remain producers of raw material with little or no value ad-dition and processing activities taking place.
Support and development of agro-processing activities by smallholder producers and processors is, therefore, not only propelled by developmental objectives of reducing unemployment, ensuring food security and enhancing economic growth, but also the need to reduce the post-harvest losses experi-enced by producers (see Table 3). Post-harvest loss is a collective food loss along the food production chain, from harvest and handling, to storage, processing, packing and transportation. Food losses are indicative of poorly functioning and ineffi cient food value chain systems.
Agro-processing activities are well noted to minimise post-harvest losses, including signifi cant contribu-tions to increased food availability, nutritional quality, food safety and retained earnings for producers (National Policy on Food and Nutrition security, 2013).
TABLE 3 Post-harvest loses of various agricultural products
Agro-processing segment Category Range of percentage loss
Food and beverage Roots and tubers 10–40%
Milk 8–16%
Fruits and vegetables 15–44%
Cereals, oil seeds and pulses 15–30%
Fish and sea food 10–40%
Meat 5–8%
Source: FAO/World Bank (2010)
Percentage loss refers to loss of food along the supply chain from harvest until consumption. In grains it occurs during harvesting, transporting, drying, threshing and during storage. In fruits and vegetables it is caused by biological, environmental and socioeconomic factors while in livestock it is mainly due to poor handling practices such as poor hygiene, lack of refrigeration, etc. Post-harvest loss in fi sheries is mainly due to spoilage. Table 3 depicts percentage losses of various products with the lowest percent-ages refl ecting post-harvest losses by the commercial enterprises while the highest percentages refl ect-ing losses by smallholder producers.
4. INTERVENTIONS TO SUPPORT AND DEVELOP SME AGRO-PROCESSING INDUSTRY The following four intervention pillars are outlined and proposed for implementation by DAFF to address the abovementioned key challenges facing the SME agro-processors:
• Intervention pillar 1: Entrepreneurial support • Intervention pillar 2: Enterprise development
Access to fi nance Market access Incubation
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 5
• Intervention pillar 3: Industry research and transfer of technology• Intervention pillar 4: Infrastructure investment.
4.1 Entrepreneurial support
Government has prioritised entrepreneurship and advancement of SMEs as a catalyst to achieve eco-nomic growth and development. According to Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM, 2013) South Africa is characterised by high levels of necessity or survival entrepreneurship. These are ventures clas-sifi ed as informal, mainly initiated because benefi ciaries have nothing else as a basis of livelihoods. Necessity or survival entrepreneurship is also synonymous with low growth and stagnant development. Opportunity entrepreneurship is however accompanied by high levels of human capital and high-growth but also likely to be sustainable, which is in contrast to necessity entrepreneurship.
Catalysing high-growth entrepreneurial behaviour of smallholder producers is critical, essential and probably one of the few alternatives to enable smallholder producers to benefi t from inclusion into the formal agro-processing mainstream economy through active participation in the value chains. Entrepreneurship involves starting or creating a new venture, innovating or putting together new combi-nations of resources; relentlessly pursuing opportunity, acquiring resources, taking calculated risks, ensuring profi t-seeking and creating value. Participation of SME processors and smallholder farming entrepreneurs in agro-processing activities is infl uenced and affected by cognitive abilities including exogenous factors at disposal of individual smallholder producers (see Fig. 3 below). Therefore, exploi-tation of agro-processing business opportunities will be reliant on capability of SME agro-processors and smallholder producers to discover, recognise and exploit business opportunities.
FIG. 3 Pattern of business opportunity recognition
Source: Adapted from Baron, 2006
Profi table, competitive and
thriving small and medium-process-
ing enterprise
Changes in environmental
factors (Disequilibrium)
Changes in markets
Changes in demographics
Changes in technology
Changes in climatic conditions
Changes in government
policies, statues and regulations
Changes in food consumption
Industry research for market
opportunities
Business opportunity
Patterns recog-nised as suggest-ing new products, new services and
new systems
Perceived and recognised business
opportunity patterns in changing
environmental change
Patterns that do not require and
aspire new products, new
services and new systems
Formation of new agro-processing
business enterprise
Access to fi nanceMarket accessInfrastructure investment
Product develop-ment
Business opportunity
Patterns recognised as suggesting new products, new
services and new systems
Cognitive abilities frameworks
Knowledge
Alertness
Experience
Outcome
Transmission and interpre-
tation
Process of implemen-
tation
Alertness
Transmission
Search
6 Strategy for the development of small and medium agro-processing enterprises
As increasing and improving entrepreneurial facets of SME agro-processors is critical, Government will implement the entrepreneurial support through the entrepreneurial programmes which will include, but is not limited to:
• establishing networks and ties with training and capacity building institutions that provide entrepre-neurial skills development. Networking will be used as a tool by which entrepreneurs use a wide variety of contacts to help them achieve their business and professional objectives. Networking will give entrepreneurs greater access to information, new clients and people with similar business in-terests.
• entering into partnerships with accredited training institutions such as The Innovation HUB Management Company (TIHMC), Limpopo Agro-food Technology Station, Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA), incubation centres, non-governmental agencies such as centres for entrepreneurship and any other institutions involved in the promotion and enhancing entrepre-neurial culture
• collaborating with agro-processing industry organisations, provincial departments of agriculture, forestry & fi sheries and local government to promote and support SME agro-processors entrepre-neurial ventures
• liaising with organised agriculture to access and leverage training programmes already at play, particularly from incubation and mentorship programmes. Mentorship and incubation programmes will offer individual support to the SME agro-processors. The support can include expert advice, business introductions and help with gaining practical experience on the actual technical and man-agement of agro-processing enterprises.
• leveraging on mentorship programmes and strategic partnerships between government and private sector to promote entrepreneurial skills of SME agro-processors
• facilitate hosting of agro-processing information days geared to improve skills and understanding of agro-processing market requirements.
4.2 Enterprise development
AgriBEE charter, which is derived from Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE Act 53 of 2003), noted enterprise development as a critical pillar meant to transform, accelerate growth and devel-opment of smallholder producers. Enterprise development involves initiatives intended to assist and ac-celerate development and fi nancial sustainability of SMEs. Measures of enterprise development range from fi nancial support to non-fi nancial support (see Fig. 4). While the fi nancial support mainly involves facilitating access to fi nance, the non-fi nancial support involves facilitating market access, incubation and mentoring. Many corporations and big businesses commit a percentage of net profi t after tax towards enterprise development expenditure which is aimed at development and growth of SMEs in various ca-pacities, including fi nancial and non-fi nancial support (BBBEE Sector Code for Agriculture, 2012).
FIG. 4 Approaches to enterprise development
Mostly fi nancial support Hybrid/holistic Mostly non-fi nancial support
Loans, micro capital, develop-ment fi nance and venture
capital e.g. Khula, IDC, Anglo Zimile, MCEP and Philanthropy
Combination of fi nancial and non-fi nancial support
Incubation, strategic partner, mentoring, market access,
training, walk in centres e.g. Business Place SEDA and
Raizcorp
Enterprise development approach continuum
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 7
4.2.1 Access to fi nance
A study done by the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA, 2000) on the small-scale food processing sector in South Africa reveals that more than 80% of SMEs cited limited access to fi nance as the biggest constraint for business operation and expansion. These assertions are further contained in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM, 2013) that lack of access to start-up fi nance remains a major impediment to successful small business initiation. The main reason for inability to ac-cess fi nance was high collateral required by fi nancial institutions considering high-risk profi le attached to this segment and the inability to provide a track record of fi nancial statements owing to poor fi nancial record keeping. As a result, producing a bankable business plan for funding to be considered by fi nan-cial institutions is a huge challenge. Therefore, SME agro-processors cannot obtain appropriate pro-cessing facilities and machinery to operate their businesses.
Improving access to fi nance by SME agro-processors will, therefore, be implemented through:
• establishing networks and ties with various fi nancing institutions focusing on development fi nance institutions located within the government sphere
• entering into partnerships with accredited and approved fi nancial institutions, specifi cally those lo-cated within government sphere to facilitate positive processing of applications
• lobbying various conglomerates within the agro-processing space for sizable enterprise develop-ment spent allocation towards promotion, support and development of SME agro-processors
• training and capacity building of SME agro-processors to appreciate funding pre-requisites and requirements
• lobbying for linkage of grant funding available within government with loan funding to enhance prob-ability of positively assessing loan. This will be done though liaising and engaging provincial depart-ment of agriculture and local municipalities.
• lobbying the Department of Trade and Industry to consider grant funding mechanism solemnly dedicated to agro-processing segment of the manufacturing sector noting unique and dynamic na-ture of this subsector. Currently, Manufacturing, Competitiveness and Effi ciency Programme (MCEP) does not adequately and suffi ciently meet fi nancing requirements of SME agro-processing segment.
• DAFF to set aside a percentage of grant or loan funds to support agro-processing investments.
4.2.2 Market access
Several studies shows that stringent regulations and standards, including the apparent need for a con-sistent and large volume supply put SME processors in unfavourable positions to access formal mar-kets. Consequently, SME processors tend to supply to the informal market and therefore are unable to expand their operations. To access formal mainstream markets which is vital to the growth and sustain-ability of SME agro-processing enterprises, market readiness of rural based small and medium enter-prises is critical.
4.2.2.1 MARKET READINESS
Market readiness by SMEs requires complying with the standards, regulation and volume of supply needed by the formal mainstream markets. Findings by Mather (2005) indicate that requirements im-posed by the retail sector are so onerous for SMEs that a huge ‘‘step-up’’ investment is needed to qualify in order to be listed as a supply company for the retailers. SME food-processors, for example, are required to obtain Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) accreditation by retailers before they could be contracted to supply them. Furthermore, formal markets require the SME process-ing facility to be certifi ed with Food Safety Standards Certifi cation (FSSC 22 000). Complying with all these certifi cations not only requires huge capital investment by SME agro-processors, which is in short supply, but also an understanding of these standards and regulations is inadequate, which can be im-parted through training and mentorship.
8 Strategy for the development of small and medium agro-processing enterprises
To assist SME entrepreneurs in accessing formal mainstream markets, government will play a facilitat-ing role in ensuring market readiness of SMEs by providing assistance in meeting the standards re-quired from the formal markets through quality certifi cation programmes which will be implemented in collaboration with the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) as the custodian of quality assurance in South Africa.
Other intervention mechanisms will include:
• establishing networks and ties with various retailers and wholesalers focusing on requirements of enterprise development within AgriBEE charter to secure markets for SME agro-processors
• entering into partnerships with various hospitality sectors to provide markets to SME agro-proces-sors
• lobbying government departments to allocate a portion of processed food tenders to SME agro-processors, recognising the huge budget spent by government on procurement of various pro-cessed products
• lobbying various conglomerates within the agro-processing space for sizable enterprise develop-ment spent allocation towards promotion, support and development of SME agro-processors
• training and capacity building of SME agro-processors to appreciate market pre-requisites and re-quirements
• capacity building through training and demand-driven technical assistance that relate to HACCP, Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), identity preservation, traceability methods, product and packaging standardisation, and industry codes of practice, etc. Strengthening producer and industry associations could be one vehicle for this support. This sup-port could be horizontal (across subsectors) or focused on one or a few commodity subsectors.
4.2.3 INCUBATION
Business incubators are organisations that provide a business environment that is protected to assist and capacitate start-up and emerging businesses. Incubators provide fl oor space, secretarial support, shared offi ce space and IT equipment, mentoring and networking and venture capital. Incubators assist start-up and emerging businesses to develop ideas from conception to commercialisation. They turn ideas into new viable businesses at reduced risks. Incubators assist start-ups and emerging businesses to survive during a period when they are most vulnerable. Incubators are therefore in the business of facilitating entrepreneurship of start-up and emerging enterprises. Various incubator models exist for implementation such as not-for-profi t incubator, for-profi t incubator and private equity. It has been prov-en that successful completion of a business incubation programme increases the likelihood that a start-up company will stay in business for a long term (Dees, 2000).
Various government sanctioned incubations like the Limpopo Agro-Food Technology Station (LATS) will be approached for intake of SME agro-processors. The following interventions will also be undertaken:
• establishing networks and ties with various private incubators for absorption of SME agro-proces-sors that are ready and available for incubation
• lobbying various conglomerates within the agro-processing space for sizable enterprise develop-ment spent allocation towards promotion, support and development of SME agro-processors through incubation
• entering into partnerships with accredited and approved incubators located within government sphere to facilitate absorption of SME agro-processors. The Department of Science and Technology (DST), for example, has established the agro-processing incubation at the Limpopo Agro-Food Technology Station dedicated to incubate small and medium agro-processing enterprises.
4.3 Industry research and transfer of technology
Most studies have indicated that SMEs lack appropriate agro-processing technologies that are simple to operate and manage. Furthermore, research and development of SME agro-processing machinery
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 9
and equipment have not received the adequate support it deserves. As a result, SME agro-processors use rudimentary technologies in their business activities, which hamper their performance, fi nancial sustainability and competitiveness (SEDA, 2008).
There is also a general shortage of basic and applied research that is directed to enhance the participa-tion of rural based SME agro-processing industry. Research on identifying the best practices to promote SME agro-processing, exploring the issues and challenges facing SMEs and evidence-based interven-tion needed to enhance their participation is critical for the growth and better positioning of the SMEs in the competitive global environment. In addition, understanding the issues and challenges facing the agro-processing industry at large and monitoring the trends and the participation of SME in the industry is useful to evaluate the progress of several governmental and SOE initiatives.
As part of implementation of this strategy, research and the transfer of appropriate agro-processing technologies, and related support services such as the skills needed to operate and maintain the tech-nology to SME agro-processors will be supported through:
• collaborating with, among others, academic institutions, the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Council for Scientifi c and Industrial Research (CSIR) and The Innovation HUB Management Company (TIHMC) in the provision of access to appropriate processing technology for SME agro-processors
• establishing networks and ties with various private companies involved in research and develop-ment of SME agro-processing machinery and equipment
• facilitating and supporting basic and applied research for identifying market and investment oppor-tunities
• engaging with international institutions to adopt best practices and business models for SME agro-processing development such as the Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology.
4.4 Infrastructure investment
Infrastructure is critical to developing, maintaining, and strengthening value chains in the economy. Quality and affordable infrastructure enhances economic productivity and permits economic expansion through exploitation of new opportunities by SME agro-processors. Infrastructure also builds on social capital and encourages entrepreneurship because of reduced transaction costs. Infrastructure obsta-cles such as poor state of the roads, inadequate road networks, poor communication modes, lack of electricity and poor sanitation hinder market effi ciency—resulting in high transaction costs faced by SME agro-processors. This is further exacerbated by the inadequate and acute lack of appropriate agro-processing machinery among SME agro-processors.
Infrastructure, however, has potential to confer competitive and comparative advantage to SME agro-processors. While competitive advantage stems from possession of unique set of various assets such as locational advantages, natural resources, human capital and other elements that give enterprises advantage over others, comparative advantage entails the ability to produce and render a product more effi ciently, competitively and effectively than its counterpart.
Some of the intervention mechanisms to implement infrastructural investment for SME agro-processors include lobbying and advancing infrastructure requirements necessary to promote and support the de-velopment of SME agro-processing industry through the Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Commission (PICC), specifi cally Strategic Integrated Projects (SIP11).
10 Strategy for the development of small and medium agro-processing enterprises
5. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIESThe roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders for the implementation of this strategy are as fol-lows:
5.1 DAFF
DAFF has the following central role in providing support on the implementation of the strategy:
• assist in the formulation and designing of the strategy
• facilitate industry research and scout for available technology and information for usage by SME agro-processors
• develop strong market intelligence network to cater for the information needs of stakeholders
• establish networks and ties with training and capacity building institutions that provide entrepre-neurial skills development
• enter into partnerships with accredited training institutions such as The Innovation HUB Management Company (TIHMC), Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA), incubation centres, non-gov-ernmental agencies such as Centres for Entrepreneurship and any other institutions involved in promotion and enhancing entrepreneurial culture
• collaborate with agricultural, forestry and fi sheries research institutions to identify research and development (R&D) required by SME’s agro-processors
• leverage on mentorship programmes and strategic partnerships between government and private sector to promote entrepreneurial skills of SME agro-processors and smallholder producers
• facilitate hosting of agro-processing information days aimed to improve skills and understanding of requirements
• collaborate with global institutes in the area of processed agriculture, forestry and fi sheries products
• ensure participation of provincial Departments of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Department of Trade and Industry, Economic Development Department, government agencies, organised agri-culture, agro-processing industry and relevant stakeholders in the implementation of the strategy
• facilitate the undertaking of the feasibility study and business planning of the agro-processing hub
• review the strategy on an ongoing basis, depending on changes in the environment and on the re-quirements of the provinces, producers and other stakeholders
• facilitate investment opportunities for SME agro-processors
• monitor and evaluate the implementation of this strategy.
5.2 The Department of Trade and Industry and the Department of Small Business Development
The Department of Trade and Industry and Department of Small Business Development are expected to:
• broaden capacity of SEDA to cater for SME agro-processing initiatives
• enhance and intensify entrepreneurial support and development
• enhance and facilitate the ease of registering legal entities of SME agro-processors
• enhance and broaden the role of IDC in supporting and developing SME agro-processors
• enhance and intensify formal market access linkages for SME agro-processors
• build global brands on the back of South African SMEs agro-processors’ strength
• facilitate the promotion of aggregated exports to meet the minimum order requirement of importers
• undertake industry specifi c campaign in conjunction with other government agencies including DAFF, EDD and IDC to attract foreign direct investment focusing on SME agro processors
• reconfi gure Manufacturing Competitiveness and Effi ciency Programme (MCEP) to cater specifi -cally for SME agro-processors taking into consideration the characteristics of the subsector
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 11
• providing fi nancial resources towards investment in SME agro-processing machinery and equip-ment.
5.3 Provincial Department of Agriculture
Provincial departments of agriculture are expected to:
• align the provincial agro-processing strategies with the DAFF agro-processing strategy
• incorporate provisions of strategy into annual performance plans and operation plans of respective departments
• assist in the identifi cation and implementation of agro-processing initiatives
• contribute towards the development and review of the strategy
• interpret, internalise and popularise the strategy amongst key stakeholders to fast track implemen-tation
• mobilise supplementary resources to leverage the available public resources
• continuously investigate agro-processing infrastructure gaps experienced by SME processors in collaboration with the national department and industry bodies
• provide resources both fi nancial and non-fi nancial required to implement agro- processing strategy
• undertake continuous monitoring and evaluation to assess the impact of the strategy on benefi ciar-ies
• evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy.
5.4 Financial Institutions including Development Finance Institutions (DFIS)
Financial institutions are expected to perform the following functions:
• revise evaluation and qualifying parameters for agro-processing enterprise fi nancing (e.g. value chain fi nancing)
• enhance and broaden fi nancial assistance to SME agro-processing projects
• serve as effi cient disbursement institutions for fi nancial resources from the state
• promote the public-private partnership and joint ventures
• make fi nancial resources available towards the implementation of the various programmes in this strategy.
5.5 Technology Transfer Institutions
Technology transfer institutions are expected to perform the following functions through MoU with DAFF:
• provide affordable, user friendly and quality agro-processing technologies
• research, develop, and transfer appropriate agro-processing to SME
• train and capacitate SME agro-processors on the usage of agro-processing technology
• continuously research latest innovation and transfer up-to-date agro-processing technology to keep abreast with trend of the industry.
5.6 Research and Academic Institutions
Research and academic institutions are expected to perform the following functions through the MoU with DAFF:
• engage on both basic and applied research, focusing on industry needs
• protect SME agro-processors’ interest by ensuring that patents are obtained for all research carried out for processors
12 Strategy for the development of small and medium agro-processing enterprises
• conduct research for agro-processing trade and investment opportunities
• provide potential market access gaps
• conduct research on competitiveness improvement
• conduct demand and opportunity driven technical research on agro-processing
• best practice or lessons on promoting SME agro-processing industry.
5.7 Private Sector and Organised Industry Associations
Private sector and organised industry associations are expected to:
• design and implement special training programmes to upgrade unorganised SME’s agro-proces-sors
• assist in facilitating market access linkages
• provide adequate capacity and development training
• assist in the facilitation of the formation of SME agro-processing associations with the relevant pro-vincial departments.
5.8 National Agricultural Marketing Council (NAMC)
National Agricultural Marketing Council is expected to perform the following functions through MoU with DAFF:
• provide infrastructure for the agro-processing hub as a custodian of Strategic Integrated Plan (SIP) 11
• facilitate the development of a network of warehouses at appropriate locations
• participate in public-private partnerships for infrastructure development
• institute evaluation and monitoring mechanism for projects assisted under SIP 11
• facilitate market access linkages
• facilitate and support export promotion.
5.9 Donors and NGO’S
Donors and NGO’s are expected to:
• facilitate access to fi nance assist in training and capacity building of SME agro-processors
• provide seed funding to SME agro-processors
• facilitate the scoping of bankable agro-processing for SME processors
• facilitate the implementation and monitoring of the strategy through public-private partnerships.
5.10 National Agro-processing Forum
The National Agro-processing Forum, is expected to:
• serve as a platform for reporting and reviewing progress regarding the implementation of the strat-egy
• serve as platform to exchange experiences and best practice models on implementing the strategy
• monitor and evaluate progress on implementation of the strategy.
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 13
Out
com
eK
ey P
riorit
y A
rea
Goa
lsA
ctiv
ities
Out
put
Indi
cato
rsR
ole
play
ers
Vib
rant
, equ
itabl
e an
d su
stai
nabl
e ru
ral c
omm
uni-
ties
with
food
sec
urity
for
all
Dec
ent e
mpl
oym
ent t
hrou
gh
incl
usiv
e ec
onom
ic g
row
th
Ent
repr
eneu
rial s
uppo
rtD
evel
op a
nd e
nhan
ce
entr
epre
neur
ship
by
SM
E
agro
-pro
cess
ors
Fac
ilita
te th
e id
entifi
cat
ion
of
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
ente
rpris
es r
equi
ring
entr
epre
neur
ial t
rain
ing
Fac
ilita
te th
e si
gnin
g of
MoU
s an
d S
LAs
with
and
trai
ning
ag
enci
es
Fac
ilita
te a
cces
s to
en
trep
rene
uria
l sup
port
pr
ogra
mm
es fo
r S
ME
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
ente
rpris
es r
equi
ring
entr
epre
neur
ial t
rain
ing
iden
tifi e
d
Fac
ilita
te a
cces
s to
en
trep
rene
uria
l sup
port
pr
ogra
mm
es fo
r S
ME
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
Ent
repr
eneu
rial s
uppo
rt
prog
ram
mes
acc
esse
d by
S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
List
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
iden
tifi e
d fo
r en
trep
rene
uria
l tra
inin
g
Num
ber
of M
oUs
and
SLA
’s
sign
ed w
ith tr
aini
ng a
genc
ies
Num
ber
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
o-ce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
ac
cess
ing
entr
epre
neur
ship
pr
ogra
mm
es
DT
I, S
ED
A, D
SB
D, A
RC
, C
SIR
, ind
ustr
y or
gani
satio
ns,
univ
ersi
ties,
priv
ate
com
pani
es, s
ervi
ce
prov
ider
s, D
irect
orat
e:
Agr
o-P
roce
ssin
g S
uppo
rt,
Dire
ctor
ate:
Mar
ketin
g,
Pro
vinc
ial D
epar
tmen
t of
Agr
icul
ture
, tra
inin
g in
stitu
tions
, ind
ustr
y or
gani
satio
ns, p
rivat
e se
ctor
an
d S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sors
Dec
ent e
mpl
oym
ent t
hrou
gh
incl
usiv
e ec
onom
ic g
row
th
Vib
rant
, equ
itabl
e an
d su
stai
nabl
e ru
ral c
omm
uni-
ties
with
food
sec
urity
for
all
An
effi c
ient
, com
petit
ive
and
resp
onsi
ve e
cono
mic
in
fras
truc
ture
net
wor
k
Ski
lled
and
capa
ble
wor
kfor
ce to
sup
port
an
incl
u-si
ve e
cono
mic
gro
wth
Env
ironm
enta
l ass
ets
and
natu
ral r
esou
rces
that
are
w
ell p
rote
cted
and
con
tinua
lly
enha
nced
Acc
ess
to fi
nanc
eA
cces
s to
fund
ing
Fac
ilita
te c
ompi
latio
n of
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g bu
sine
ss
plan
s fo
r fu
ndin
g co
nsid
era-
tion
Fac
ilita
te s
ubm
issi
on o
f ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g bu
sine
ss
plan
s fo
r sc
reen
ing
and
fund
ing
cons
ider
atio
n
Mon
itor
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
fund
ed a
gro-
proc
ess-
ing
proj
ects
Via
ble
bank
able
agr
o-pr
o-ce
ssin
g bu
sine
ss p
lans
Ban
kabl
e bu
sine
ss p
lans
su
bmitt
ed
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
fund
ed
agro
-pro
cess
ing
proj
ects
List
of v
iabl
e ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g bu
sine
ss p
lans
Num
ber
of b
anka
ble
busi
ness
pla
ns s
ubm
itted
Num
ber
of fu
nded
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g pr
ojec
ts
impl
emen
ted
Land
Ban
k, D
BS
A, I
DC
, com
-m
erci
al b
anks
, DA
FF
, do
nors
, Nat
iona
l E
mpo
wer
men
t Fun
d, p
rivat
e se
ctor
, gov
ernm
ent a
genc
ies,
P
rovi
ncia
l Dep
artm
ent o
f A
gric
ultu
re, i
ndus
try
orga
nisa
tions
, priv
ate
sect
or
and
SM
E a
gro-
proc
esso
rs
Vib
rant
, equ
itabl
e an
d su
stai
nabl
e ru
ral c
omm
uni-
ties
with
food
sec
urity
for
all
Dec
ent e
mpl
oym
ent t
hrou
gh
incl
usiv
e ec
onom
ic g
row
th
Mar
ket a
cces
sA
cces
s to
mai
nstr
eam
m
arke
tsF
acili
tate
the
iden
tifi c
atio
n S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
for
inte
grat
ion
into
mai
nstr
eam
mar
kets
Fac
ilita
te th
e co
ordi
natio
n of
m
arke
t sal
e co
ntra
cts
by
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
ente
rpris
es
Dat
abas
e of
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng e
nter
pris
es
iden
tifi e
d fo
r m
arke
t lin
kage
s
Mai
nstr
eam
mar
kets
id
entifi
ed
and
info
rmat
ion
on
mar
ket s
tand
ards
pro
vide
d
List
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
iden
tifi e
d fo
r m
arke
t lin
kage
s
Num
ber
of id
entifi
ed
mai
nstr
eam
mar
kets
and
in
form
atio
n pr
ovid
ed o
n m
arke
t sta
ndar
ds
Pro
vinc
ial D
epar
tmen
t of
Agr
icul
ture
; Dire
ctor
ate:
M
arke
ting,
Dire
ctor
ate:
A
gro-
proc
essi
ng S
uppo
rt,
priv
ate
sect
or c
ompa
nies
in
clud
ing
emba
ssie
s in
Sou
th
Afr
ica,
DT
I, D
SB
D, r
elev
ant
dire
ctor
ates
6.
IMPL
EMEN
TATI
ON
PLA
NT
he fo
llow
ing
fram
ewor
k sh
ows
the
stra
tegy
for
impl
emen
ting
the
plan
.
14 Strategy for the development of small and medium agro-processing enterprisesO
utco
me
Key
Prio
rity
Are
aG
oals
Act
iviti
esO
utpu
tIn
dica
tors
Rol
e pl
ayer
s
Fac
ilita
te th
e id
entifi
cat
ion
of
mai
nstr
eam
mar
kets
and
pr
ovid
e in
form
atio
n on
m
arke
t sta
ndar
ds
Fac
ilita
te m
arke
ts s
tand
ard
com
plia
nce
by S
ME
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
ente
rpris
es c
ompl
ied
with
st
anda
rds
requ
ired
by th
e m
arke
t
Mar
ket c
ontr
acts
sig
ned
Num
ber
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
o-ce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
that
co
mpl
y w
ith th
e m
arke
t st
anda
rds
Num
ber
of s
ale
cont
ract
s si
gned
gove
rnm
enta
l Dep
artm
ents
, or
gani
sed
agric
ultu
re,
trai
ning
inst
itutio
ns, i
ndus
try
orga
nisa
tions
, priv
ate
sect
or
and
SM
E a
gro-
proc
esso
rs
Ski
lled
and
capa
ble
wor
kfor
ce to
sup
port
an
incl
u-si
ve e
cono
mic
gro
wth
Incu
batio
n In
cuba
tion
of S
ME
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
F
acili
tate
the
iden
tifi c
atio
n of
S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
that
req
uire
s in
cuba
tion
Fac
ilita
te th
e si
gnin
g of
MoU
s an
d S
LAs
with
incu
bato
rs
Fac
ilita
te a
cces
s to
in
cuba
tion
prog
ram
mes
by
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
ente
rpris
es.
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
ente
rpris
es th
at r
equi
re
incu
batio
n id
entifi
ed
MoU
s an
d S
LAs
sign
ed w
ith
incu
bato
rs
Incu
batio
n pr
ogra
mm
es
acce
ssed
by
SM
E
agro
-pro
cess
ing
ente
rpris
es
DT
I, D
SB
D, S
ED
A, A
RC
, C
SIR
, ind
ustr
y or
gani
satio
ns,
univ
ersi
ties,
priv
ate
com
pani
es, s
ervi
ce
prov
ider
s, D
irect
orat
e:
Agr
o-pr
oces
sing
Sup
port
; D
irect
orat
e: M
arke
ting,
P
rovi
ncia
l Dep
artm
ent o
f A
gric
ultu
re, i
ndus
try
orga
nisa
tions
, priv
ate
sect
or
and
SM
E a
gro-
proc
esso
rs
An
effi c
ient
, com
petit
ive
and
resp
onsi
ve e
cono
mic
in
fras
truc
ture
net
wor
k
Vib
rant
, equ
itabl
e an
d su
stai
nabl
e ru
ral c
omm
uni-
ties
with
food
sec
urity
for
all.
Indu
stry
res
earc
h, a
nd
tran
sfer
of t
echn
olog
y T
rans
fer
of te
chno
logy
to
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
ente
rpris
es
Enh
ance
com
petit
iven
ess
and
futu
re p
ositi
onin
g of
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g in
dust
ry
Iden
tifi c
atio
n an
d se
lect
ion
of
appr
opria
te a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
tech
nolo
gy fo
r tr
ansf
er to
S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
Fac
ilita
te th
e si
gnin
g of
MoU
s an
d S
LA’s
with
tech
nolo
gy
inst
itute
s an
d co
mpa
nies
Mon
itorin
g th
e tr
ansf
er o
f ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g te
chno
logy
Mon
itorin
g tr
ends
in
agro
-pro
cess
ing
indu
stry
Con
duct
ing
dem
and
and
oppo
rtun
ity d
riven
res
earc
h on
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
App
ropr
iate
tech
nolo
gies
id
entifi
ed
and
sele
cted
MoU
s an
d S
LAs
sign
ed w
ith
tech
nolo
gy in
stitu
tes
and
com
pani
es
Agr
o-pr
oces
sing
tech
nolo
gy
tran
sfer
red
to S
ME
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
Qua
rter
ly a
nd a
nnua
l in
dust
ry r
evie
ws
Res
earc
h re
port
s
Num
ber
of a
ppro
pria
te
tech
nolo
gy id
entifi
ed
and
sele
cted
for
tran
sfer
Num
ber
of M
oUs
sign
ed w
ith
incu
bato
rs
Num
ber
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
o-ce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
ac
cess
ing
incu
batio
n an
d en
trep
rene
ursh
ip p
ro-
gram
mes
Num
ber
of q
uart
erly
and
an
nual
indu
stry
rev
iew
s
Num
ber
of r
esea
rch
repo
rts
AR
C, C
SIR
, ind
ustr
y or
gani
satio
ns, p
rivat
e co
mpa
-ni
es, s
ervi
ce p
rovi
ders
, D
irect
orat
e: A
gro-
proc
essi
ng
Sup
port
, Pro
vinc
ial
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
, in
dust
ry o
rgan
isat
ions
, pr
ivat
e se
ctor
, NA
MC
, AR
C,
CS
IR, I
DC
, Dire
ctor
ates
A
gro-
proc
essi
ng S
uppo
rt;
Dire
ctor
ate:
Mar
ketin
g,
SM
E a
gro-
proc
esso
rs,
univ
ersi
ties
and
othe
r re
sear
ch in
stitu
tions
An
effi c
ient
, com
petit
ive
and
resp
onsi
ve e
cono
mic
in
fras
truc
ture
net
wor
k
Vib
rant
, equ
itabl
e an
d su
stai
nabl
e ru
ral c
omm
uni-
ties
with
food
sec
urity
for
all.
Infr
astr
uctu
re in
vest
men
tA
dequ
ate
agro
-pro
cess
ing
infr
astr
uctu
reF
acili
tate
the
iden
tifi c
atio
n of
in
fras
truc
ture
req
uire
d by
S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
Fac
ilita
te th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of in
fras
truc
ture
pro
ject
s th
roug
h P
ICC
(S
IP11
)
Infr
astr
uctu
re n
eeds
id
entifi
ed
Infr
astr
uctu
re p
roje
cts
impl
emen
ted
List
of i
nfra
stru
ctur
e ne
eds
iden
tifi e
d
Num
ber
of in
fras
truc
ture
pr
ojec
ts im
plem
ente
d
AR
C, C
SIR
, ind
ustr
y or
gani
satio
ns, p
rivat
e co
mpa
-ni
es, s
ervi
ce p
rovi
ders
, D
irect
orat
e: A
gro-
proc
essi
ng
Sup
port
, Rel
evan
t Pro
vinc
ial
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
, in
dust
ry o
rgan
isat
ions
, pr
ivat
e se
ctor
and
SM
E
agro
-pro
cess
ors
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 157.
RE
PORT
ING
MEC
HA
NIS
MS
The
fol
low
ing
repo
rtin
g fr
amew
ork
will
be
used
by
all
affe
cted
sta
keho
lder
s on
an
annu
al b
asis
to
trac
k pr
ogre
ss r
egar
ding
im
plem
enta
tion
of t
he s
trat
egy.
R
epor
ting
shal
l be
tabl
ed to
the
Nat
iona
l Agr
o-pr
oces
sing
For
um
Item
Key
Prio
rity
Are
aO
bjec
tivel
y ve
rifi a
ble
Indi
cato
rs (
OV
I)T
arge
tA
ctua
l Ach
ieve
men
tC
halle
nges
Cor
rect
ive/
mea
sure
sB
udge
ted
amou
ntB
udge
t spe
nt
1.E
ntre
pren
euria
l S
uppo
rtLi
st o
f SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng e
nter
pris
es
iden
tifi e
d fo
r en
trep
rene
uria
l tra
inin
g
Num
ber
of M
oUs
and
SLA
’s s
igne
d w
ith tr
aini
ng
agen
cies
Num
ber
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
ent
erpr
ises
ac
cess
ing
entr
epre
neur
ship
pro
gram
mes
2.A
cces
s to
fi na
nce
List
of v
iabl
e ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g bu
sine
ss p
lans
Num
ber
of b
anka
ble
busi
ness
pla
ns s
ubm
itted
Num
ber
of fu
nded
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
pro
ject
s im
plem
ente
d
3.M
arke
t acc
ess
List
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
ent
erpr
ises
look
ing
for
mar
ket l
inka
ges
Num
ber
of id
entifi
ed
mai
nstr
eam
mar
kets
and
in
form
atio
n pr
ovid
ed o
n m
arke
t sta
ndar
ds
Num
ber
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
ent
erpr
ises
that
co
mpl
y w
ith th
e m
arke
t sta
ndar
ds
Num
ber
of s
ale
cont
ract
s si
gned
4.In
cuba
tion
List
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
ent
erpr
ises
that
re
quire
incu
batio
n
Num
ber
of M
oUs
sign
ed w
ith in
cuba
tors
Num
ber
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
ent
erpr
ises
ac
cess
ing
incu
batio
n an
d en
trep
rene
ursh
ip
prog
ram
mes
5.In
dust
ry
rese
arch
, and
tr
ansf
er o
f te
chno
logy
Num
ber
of a
ppro
pria
te te
chno
logy
iden
tifi e
d an
d se
lect
ed fo
r tr
ansf
erre
d to
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
ente
rpris
es
Num
ber
of M
oUs
sign
ed w
ith te
chno
logy
in
stitu
tes
and
com
pani
es
Num
ber
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
ent
erpr
ises
that
re
ceiv
ed te
chno
logy
tran
sfer
s
Pub
lishe
d qu
arte
rly a
nd a
nnua
l ind
ustr
y re
view
s
Num
ber
of r
esea
rch
repo
rts
6.
Infr
astr
uctu
re
inve
stm
ent
List
of i
nfra
stru
ctur
e ne
eds
iden
tifi e
d
Num
ber
of in
fras
truc
ture
pro
ject
s im
plem
ente
d
16 Strategy for the development of small and medium agro-processing enterprises
8.
M
ON
ITO
RIN
G A
ND
EVA
LUAT
ION
A p
rope
r m
onito
ring
and
eval
uatio
n pl
an o
f gov
ernm
ent p
rogr
amm
es is
a c
entr
al r
ole
that
cen
tral
gov
ernm
ent s
houl
d fu
lfi ll.
DA
FF
, th
roug
h its
Pla
nnin
g, P
olic
y,
Mon
itorin
g an
d E
valu
atio
n (P
PM
E)
Pro
gram
me
has
put s
yste
ms
in p
lace
to m
onito
r de
part
men
tal p
erfo
rman
ce. T
he m
onito
ring
and
eval
uatio
n fr
amew
ork
pre-
sent
ed b
elow
will
be
an in
put t
o th
e bi
gger
DA
FF
PP
ME
sys
tem
. It i
s pr
esen
ted
belo
w:
Ou
tco
me
4: D
ecen
t em
plo
ymen
t th
rou
gh
incl
usi
ve e
con
om
ic g
row
th
Ou
tco
me
7: V
ibra
nt,
eq
uit
able
an
d s
ust
ain
able
ru
ral c
om
mu
nit
ies
con
trib
uti
ng
to
war
ds
foo
d s
ecu
rity
fo
r al
l
Key
Obj
ectiv
eT
o in
crea
se th
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of r
ural
-bas
ed s
mal
l and
med
ium
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
indu
stry
in th
e ec
onom
y
Inte
rven
tion
Pill
ars
Ent
repr
eneu
rial s
uppo
rt
Goa
lsA
ctiv
ities
Out
puts
Indi
cato
rsR
espo
nsib
ility
Fre
quen
cyE
vide
nce
Dev
elop
and
enh
ance
ent
repr
e-ne
ursh
ip b
y S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
-so
rs
Fac
ilita
te th
e id
entifi
cat
ion
of S
ME
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
re
quiri
ng e
ntre
pren
euria
l tra
inin
g
Fac
ilita
te th
e si
gnin
g of
MoU
s an
d S
LAs
with
and
trai
ning
age
ncie
s on
ent
repr
eneu
rial s
uppo
rt.
Fac
ilita
te a
cces
s to
ent
repr
e-ne
uria
l sup
port
pro
gram
mes
for
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng e
nter
pris
es
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng e
nter
pris
es
requ
iring
ent
repr
eneu
rial t
rain
ing
iden
tifi e
d
MoU
s an
d S
LAs
sign
ed w
ith tr
ain-
ing
agen
cies
and
incu
bato
rs
Ent
repr
eneu
rial s
uppo
rt
prog
ram
mes
acc
esse
d by
SM
E
agro
-pro
cess
ing
ente
rpris
es
List
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
iden
tifi e
d fo
r en
trep
rene
uria
l tra
inin
g
Num
ber
of M
oUs
and
SLA
s si
gned
with
trai
ning
age
ncie
s
Num
ber
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
acc
essi
ng e
ntre
pre-
neur
ship
pro
gram
mes
Inde
pend
ent
eval
uato
r/as
sess
orO
nce
in fi
ve y
ears
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng e
nter
pris
e id
entifi
ed
for
entr
epre
neur
ial
trai
ning
Sig
ned
MoU
s an
d S
LAs
with
tr
aini
ng a
genc
ies
Agr
o-pr
oces
sing
ent
erpr
ises
ac
cess
ing
incu
batio
n an
d en
trep
rene
ursh
ip p
rogr
amm
es
Ou
tco
me
4: D
ecen
t em
plo
ymen
t th
rou
gh
incl
usi
ve g
row
th
Ou
tco
me
5: A
ski
lled
an
d c
apab
le w
ork
forc
e to
su
pp
ort
an
incl
usi
ve g
row
th p
ath
Ou
tco
me
6: A
n e
ffi c
ien
t, c
om
pet
itiv
e an
d r
esp
on
sive
eco
no
mic
infr
astr
uct
ure
net
wo
rk
Ou
tco
me
7: V
ibra
nt,
eq
uit
able
, su
stai
nab
le r
ura
l co
mm
un
itie
s co
ntr
ibu
tin
g t
ow
ard
s fo
od
sec
uri
ty f
or
all
Ou
tco
me
10:
Pro
tect
an
d e
nh
ance
ou
r en
viro
nm
enta
l ass
ets
and
nat
ura
l res
ou
rces
Key
Obj
ectiv
eT
o in
crea
se th
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of r
ural
-bas
ed s
mal
l and
med
ium
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
indu
stry
in th
e ec
onom
y
Inte
rven
tion
Pill
ars
Acc
ess
to fi
nanc
e
Goa
lsA
ctiv
ities
Out
puts
Indi
cato
rsR
espo
nsib
ility
Fre
quen
cyE
vide
nce
Acc
ess
to fu
ndin
gF
acili
tate
com
pila
tion
of
agro
-pro
cess
ing
busi
ness
pla
ns
for
fund
ing
cons
ider
atio
n
Fac
ilita
te s
ubm
issi
on o
f ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g bu
sine
ss p
lans
fo
r sc
reen
ing
and
fund
ing
cons
ider
atio
n
Mon
itor
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
fund
ed a
gro-
proc
essi
ng p
roje
cts
Via
ble
agro
-pro
cess
ing
busi
ness
pl
ans
Ban
kabl
e bu
sine
ss p
lans
su
bmitt
ed
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
fund
ed
agro
-pro
cess
ing
proj
ects
List
of v
iabl
e ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g bu
sine
ss p
lans
. In
depe
nden
t eva
luat
or/a
sses
sor
Num
ber
of b
anka
ble
busi
ness
pl
ans
subm
itted
.
Num
ber
of fu
nded
agr
o-pr
oces
s-in
g pr
ojec
ts im
plem
ente
d
Inde
pend
ent
eval
uato
r/as
sess
orO
nce
in fi
ve y
ears
Bus
ines
s pl
an d
ocum
ents
.
Sub
mis
sion
rep
orts
of b
usin
ess
plan
s
Agr
o-pr
oces
sing
ent
erpr
ises
that
ar
e op
erat
iona
l
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 17O
utc
om
e 4:
Dec
ent
emp
loym
ent
thro
ug
h in
clu
sive
gro
wth
Ou
tco
me
7: V
ibra
nt,
eq
uit
able
, su
stai
nab
le r
ura
l co
mm
un
itie
s co
ntr
ibu
tin
g t
ow
ard
s fo
od
sec
uri
ty f
or
all
Key
Obj
ectiv
eT
o in
crea
se th
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of r
ural
-bas
ed s
mal
l and
med
ium
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
indu
stry
in th
e ec
onom
y
Inte
rven
tion
Pill
ars
Mar
ket a
cces
s
Goa
lsA
ctiv
ities
Out
puts
Indi
cato
rsR
espo
nsib
ility
Fre
quen
cyE
vide
nce
Link
SM
E s
cale
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
to m
arke
tsF
acili
tate
the
iden
tifi c
atio
n S
ME
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
for
inte
grat
ion
into
mai
nstr
eam
m
arke
ts
Fac
ilita
te th
e id
entifi
cat
ion
of
mai
nstr
eam
mar
kets
and
pro
vide
in
form
atio
n on
mar
ket s
tand
ards
Fac
ilita
te m
arke
ts s
tand
ard
com
plia
nce
by S
ME
agr
o-pr
o-ce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
.
Fac
ilita
te th
e co
ordi
natio
n of
m
arke
t sal
e co
ntra
cts
by S
ME
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
Dat
abas
e of
SM
E a
gro-
proc
ess-
ing
ente
rpris
es lo
okin
g fo
r m
arke
t lin
kage
s
Mai
nstr
eam
mar
kets
iden
tifi e
d an
d in
form
atio
n on
mar
ket
stan
dard
s pr
ovid
ed
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng e
nter
pris
es
com
ply
with
sta
ndar
ds r
equi
red
by th
e m
arke
t
Mar
ket c
ontr
acts
sig
ned
List
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
look
ing
for
mar
ket
linka
ges
Num
ber
of id
entifi
ed
mai
nstr
eam
m
arke
ts a
nd in
form
atio
n pr
ovid
ed
on m
arke
t sta
ndar
ds
Num
ber
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
that
com
ply
with
the
mar
ket s
tand
ards
Num
ber
of s
ale
cont
ract
s si
gned
Inde
pend
ent
eval
uato
r/as
sess
orO
nce
in fi
ve y
ears
List
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
look
ing
for
mar
ket
linka
ges
List
of m
ains
trea
m m
arke
ts
iden
tifi e
d an
d re
port
s on
mar
ket
stan
dard
s
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
ente
rpris
es th
at c
ompl
y w
ith th
e m
arke
t sta
ndar
ds
Sig
ned
sale
con
trac
ts
Ou
tco
me
5: S
kille
d a
nd
cap
able
wo
rkfo
rce
to s
up
po
rt a
n in
clu
sive
eco
no
mic
gro
wth
Key
Obj
ectiv
eT
o in
crea
se th
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of r
ural
-bas
ed s
mal
l and
med
ium
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
indu
stry
in th
e ec
onom
y
Inte
rven
tion
Pill
ars
Icub
atio
n
Goa
lsA
ctiv
ities
Out
puts
Indi
cato
rsR
espo
nsib
ility
Fre
quen
cyE
vide
nce
Incu
batio
n fo
r S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
s-in
g en
terp
rises
Fac
ilita
te th
e id
entifi
cat
ion
of S
ME
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
that
re
quire
s in
cuba
tion
Fac
ilita
te th
e si
gnin
g of
MoU
s an
d S
LAs
with
incu
bato
rs
Fac
ilita
te a
cces
s to
incu
batio
n pr
ogra
mm
es b
y S
ME
agr
o-pr
o-ce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng e
nter
pris
es
that
req
uire
incu
batio
n id
entifi
ed
MoU
s an
d S
LAs
sign
ed w
ith
incu
bato
rs
Incu
batio
n pr
ogra
mm
es a
cces
sed
by S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
List
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
that
req
uire
in
cuba
tion
Num
ber
of M
oUs
sign
ed w
ith
incu
bato
rs
Num
ber
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
acc
essi
ng in
cuba
tion
prog
ram
mes
Inde
pend
ent
eval
uato
r/as
sess
orO
nce
in fi
ve y
ears
List
of i
ncub
atio
n pr
ogra
mm
es
requ
ired
by S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
s-in
g en
terp
rise
Sig
ned
MoU
s w
ith a
gro-
proc
ess-
ing
incu
bato
rs
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
ente
rpris
es a
cces
sed
incu
batio
n pr
ogra
mm
es
18 Strategy for the development of small and medium agro-processing enterprisesO
utc
om
e 4:
Dec
ent
emp
loym
ent
thro
ug
h in
clu
sive
gro
wth
Ou
tco
me
5: S
kille
d a
nd
cap
able
wo
rkfo
rce
to s
up
po
rt a
n in
clu
sive
gro
wth
pat
h
Ou
tco
me
7: V
ibra
nt,
eq
uit
able
, su
stai
nab
le r
ura
l co
mm
un
itie
s co
ntr
ibu
tin
g t
ow
ard
s fo
od
sec
uri
ty f
or
alll
Key
Obj
ectiv
eT
o in
crea
se th
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of r
ural
-bas
ed s
mal
l and
med
ium
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
indu
stry
in th
e ec
onom
y
Inte
rven
tion
Pill
ars
Indu
stry
res
earc
h an
d tr
ansf
er o
f tec
hnol
ogy
Goa
lsA
ctiv
ities
Out
puts
Indi
cato
rsR
espo
nsib
ility
Fre
quen
cyE
vide
nce
Tec
hnol
ogy
tran
sfer
to S
ME
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
Enh
ance
com
petit
iven
ess
and
futu
re p
ositi
onin
g of
agr
o-pr
o-ce
ssin
g in
dust
ry
Iden
tifi c
atio
n an
d se
lect
ion
of
appr
opria
te a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
tech
nolo
gy fo
r tr
ansf
er to
SM
E
agro
-pro
cess
ing
ente
rpris
es
Fac
ilita
te th
e si
gnin
g of
MoU
s an
d S
LAs
with
tech
nolo
gy in
stitu
tes
and
com
pani
es
Mon
itorin
g th
e tr
ansf
er o
f ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g te
chno
logy
Mon
itorin
g tr
ends
in a
gro-
pro-
cess
ing
indu
stry
Con
duct
ing
dem
and
and
oppo
rtun
ity d
riven
res
earc
h on
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g
App
ropr
iate
tech
nolo
gies
id
entifi
ed
and
sele
cted
MoU
s an
d S
LAs
sign
ed w
ith
tech
nolo
gy in
stitu
tes
and
com
pani
es
Agr
o-pr
oces
sing
tech
nolo
gy
tran
sfer
red
to S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
s-in
g en
terp
rises
Qua
rter
ly a
nd a
nnua
l ind
ustr
y re
view
s
Res
earc
h re
port
s
Num
ber
of a
ppro
pria
te
tech
nolo
gy id
entifi
ed
and
sele
cted
fo
r tr
ansf
erre
d to
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng e
nter
pris
es
Num
ber
of M
oUs
sign
ed w
ith
tech
nolo
gy in
stitu
tes
and
com
pani
es
Num
ber
of S
ME
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
en
terp
rises
that
rec
eive
d te
chno
logy
tran
sfer
s
Pub
lishe
d qu
arte
rly a
nd a
nnua
l in
dust
ry r
evie
ws
Num
ber
of r
esea
rch
repo
rts
Inde
pend
ent
eval
uato
r/as
sess
orO
nce
in fi
ve y
ears
List
of a
ppro
pria
te a
gro-
proc
ess-
ing
tech
nolo
gy id
entifi
ed
for
tran
sfer
Sig
ned
MoU
s
SM
E a
gro-
proc
essi
ng
ente
rpris
es th
at r
ecei
ved
tech
nolo
gy tr
ansf
ers
Pub
lishe
d qu
arte
rly a
nd a
nnua
l in
dust
ry r
evie
ws.
Res
earc
h re
port
s
Ou
tco
me
6: A
n e
ffi c
ien
t, c
om
pet
itiv
e an
d r
esp
on
sive
eco
no
mic
infr
astr
uct
ure
net
wo
rk
Ou
tco
me
7: V
ibra
nt,
eq
uit
able
an
d s
ust
ain
able
ru
ral c
om
mu
nit
ies
wit
h f
oo
d s
ecu
rity
fo
r al
l
Ou
tco
me
10:
En
viro
nm
enta
l ass
ets
and
nat
ura
l res
ou
rces
th
at a
re w
ell p
rote
cted
an
d c
on
tin
ual
ly e
nh
ance
d
Key
Obj
ectiv
eT
o in
crea
se th
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of r
ural
-bas
ed s
mal
l and
med
ium
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
indu
stry
in th
e ec
onom
y
Inte
rven
tion
Pill
ars
Infr
astr
uctu
re in
vest
men
t
Goa
lsA
ctiv
ities
Out
puts
Indi
cato
rsR
espo
nsib
ility
Fre
quen
cyE
vide
nce
Fac
ilita
te in
fras
truc
ture
in
vest
men
t for
agr
o-pr
oces
sing
in
dust
ry
Fac
ilita
te im
plem
enta
tion
of
infr
astr
uctu
re th
roug
h P
ICC
(S
IP11
)
Fac
ilita
te th
e id
entifi
cat
ion
of
infr
astr
uctu
re r
equi
red
by S
ME
ag
ro-p
roce
ssin
g en
terp
rises
Infr
astr
uctu
re n
eeds
iden
tifi e
d
Infr
astr
uctu
re p
roje
cts
impl
emen
t-ed
List
of i
nfra
stru
ctur
e ne
eds
iden
tifi e
d
Num
ber
of in
fras
truc
ture
pro
ject
s im
plem
ente
d
Inde
pend
ent
eval
uato
r/as
sess
orO
nce
in fi
ve y
ears
Dat
abas
e of
infr
astr
uctu
re n
eeds
id
entifi
ed
Impl
emen
ted
infr
astr
uctu
re
proj
ects
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 19
9. REFERENCESBroad Based Black Economic Empowerment, Sector Codes for Agriculture (2012). Government Gazette, Vol. 570, No. 36035.
BARON, R.A. 2006. Opportunity recognition as pattern recognition: How entrepreneurs “connects the dots” to identify new busi-ness opportunities. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20,1:104–119.
CTA. 2000. Small-scale Food Processing Sector in South Africa: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), Working Document, Number 8014.
FAO/World Bank. 2010. Workshop on reducing post-harvest losses: 18–19 March 2010. Rome, Italy.
GEM. 2013. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). National Reports.
IPAP. 2013. Industrial Policy Action Plan 2013/4–2015/6 Economic Sectors and Employment Cluster: The Department of Trade and Industry.
ISIC. 2013. United Nations International Standard Industrial Classifi cation System.
MATHER, C. 2005. SME’s in South African Food Processing Complex: Development Prospects, Constrains and Opportunities. The Department of Trade and Industry Policy Strategies (TIPS).
NDP. 2011. National Development Plan: Vision for 2030, National Planning Commission.
NGP. 2010. New Growth Path: Framework. Department of Economic Development.
SEDA. 2008. Survey on the Textiles, Clothing and Footwear Sector with a Focus on Small Enterprises. SEDA (Small Enterprise Development Agency), a Member of the dti group.
Stats SA. 2013. Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS), Quarter 3 and GDP Statistical release.
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