strategies of life chapter 20 great idea: living things use many different strategies to deal with...
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Strategies of Life
Chapter 20
Great Idea:Living things use many different strategies to deal with the problems of acquiring and using
matter and energy
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Chapter Outline
• The Organization of Living Things• What is Life• Classifying Living Things• Survival: A New Look at the Life
Around You• Strategies of Fungi• Strategies of Plants• Strategies of Animals
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The Organization of Living Things
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Ways of Thinking About Living Things
• Levels – Biosphere – Ecosystem – Community– Population– Organism– Anatomy &
physiology– Cellular– Molecular
• All levels complement each other
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What Is Life?
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The Characteristics of Life• High degree of order and
complexity• Part of larger systems of
matter and energy• Life depends on chemical
reactions in cells• Life requires liquid water• Organisms grow and develop• Regulate energy use• Share same genetic code, code
is heritable• All living things are descended
from a common ancestor
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Classifying Living Things
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Cataloging Life
• Linnaean classification– Shared
characteristics
• Hierarchy– Kingdom– Phylum– Class– Order– Family– Genus– Species
• Binomial nomenclature
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Classifying Life cont.
• Kingdoms– Monera– Protista– Fungi– Plants– Animals
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Classifying Human Beings
• Kingdom: Animals• Phylum: Chordates
– Subphylum: vertebrates• Class: Mammals• Order: Primates• Family: Hominid• Genus: Homo• Species: sapien
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Implications of Linnaean Classification
• Use of DNA• Similarity depends on time and
change• Classification results from real events
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Survival: A New Look at the Life Around You
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Survival: A New Look at the Life Around You
• Autotrophs• Heterotrophs• Dealing with complexity• Two basic tasks
– Obtain and distribute molecules for energy
– Reproduce
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Strategies of Fungi
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Strategies of Fungi
• Growth– Filaments– Decomposers
• Structure– Mass of filaments
• Reproduction– Break filaments– Asexual reproduction
• spores
• Lichens– Two interdependent species
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Strategies of Plants
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The Simplest Plants
• Phylum: Bryophytes• Structure
– No roots– Photosynthetic
• Reproduction– Sexual – Asexual
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Vascular Plants
• Phylum: vascular plants
• Structure– Roots, stems,
leaves– Control water loss
• Reproduction– Seedless– Gymnosperms– Angiosperms
• Sexual and asexual
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Angiosperm
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Strategies of Animals
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Invertebrates
• Invertebrates– No backbone– Most diverse animals
• Arthropods– 70% of known animal
species
• Structure– exoskeleton
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Vertebrates
• Organization– Ocean to terrestrial
• Evolution– Earliest fish– Bony Fish– Amphibians– Reptiles– Birds– Mammals