StrategiesforOpenScienceandResearchData

DrSimonHodsonExecutive Director,CODATA

www.codata.org

CODATACODATAIISSUU

Conferência:Dadosdeinvestigaçãoe ciência abiertaPorto,Portugal

22September2016

CODATACODATAIISSUU

ResearchdataandOpenScience:Towardsanationalstrategy

§ Identify…§ themainstrategicareastobuildnationalandinstitutional roadmapsforRDMservices§ themain/priority requirements tobeaddressed

§ Agreathonour tobeinvitedtosharemyexperience.§ UKnationalprogramme todevelopRDMcapacityininstitutions;§ CODATAworkswithnationalmembersofopensciencestrategies(processofco-

design)

CODATACODATAIISSUU

CODATA:CommitteeonDataoftheInternationalCouncilforScience

§ EstablishedbytheInternationalCouncilofSciencetoaddressissuesofdataavailabilityandquality.

§ Remithasbroadenedovertheyears.

§ NewExecutiveCommittee:includesmembersfromKenyaandSouth Africa,willco-optamemberfromLatinAmerica.

§ IncreasedorientationtowardsplayingacoordinatingroleonnationalandregionalOpenSciencestrategies.

§ CODATAPresident,GeoffreyBoulton,wasleadauthorandchairofRoyalSocietyReport:ScienceasanOpenEnterprise.

§ Identifieschallengesandopportunities forsciencesystems,technicalandhuman.

§ Fundamentalmethodologicalissuesforreproducibilityandtransparency.

§ PublicationsanddatashouldbeIntelligentlyOpenandavailableconcurrently.

§ Reportwithverysignificantimpact:G8,H2020

CODATAPresidentGeoffreyBoulton,FRS

RoyalSocietyReport:ScienceasanOpen

Enterprise

CODATACODATAIISSUU

CODATAPrinciples,PoliciesandPractice

CapacityBuilding

FrontiersofDataScience

IDW2016,11-17Sept,Denver,CO.

Data Science Journal

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ResearchdataandOpenScience:Towardsanationalstrategy

§ Essentialtobeawareofinternational,nationalandinstitutionaldimensions§ Wemustaddressthehumandimensions (andweneglectthematourperil)

§ ProposedCODATAcollaborationonOpenSciencestrategyinPolandaddressesstakeholder responsibilities andenablingpractices.

§ CurrentICSU– CODATAOpenDataPlatforminitiativeinAfricaaddresses:§ Co-developmentofdatapolicies§ Incentivesandculture§ Trainingandskills§ Roadmapforresearchdatainfrastructure

The Open Data Iceberg

The Technical Challenge

The Ecosystem Challenge

The Funding Challenge

The Support Challenge

The Skills Challenge

The Incentives Challenge

The Mindset Challenge

Technology

Processes &Organisation

People

motivationandethos.

Developedfrom:Deetjen,U.,E.T.MeyerandR.Schroeder(2015).OECDDigitalEconomyPapers,No.246,OECDPublishing.

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Whereshouldresearchdatago?

• Earthobservationdata;• Geneticdata;• Socialsciencesurveydata…

Homogenousdatacollectionsessentialforresearch

• Significantdataoutputs fromfundedprojects;

• Rawandanalysedexperimentaldata…

Significantdataoutputsof

publiclyfundedresearch

• Rawandanalysed dataforreproducibility (evidence);

• Databehind thegraph…

Dataunderpinning

researchpublications

Nationalandinternationaldata

archives

Nationalorinstitutionaldataarchives;data

papers

Dedicateddataarchives(e.g.

Dryad)

CODATACODATAIISSUU

TheCaseforOpenDatainaBigDataWorld

• ScienceInternationalAccordonOpenDatainaBigDataWorld:http://www.science-international.org/

• Presentsapowerfulcasethattheprofoundtransformationsmeanthatdatashouldbe:• Openbydefault• Intelligentlyopen

• Supported byfourmajorinternationalscienceorganisations.

• Laysoutaframeworkofprinciples,responsibilities andenablingpractices forhowthevisionofOpenDatainaBigDataWorldcanbeachieved.

• Campaignforendorsements:over100organisations sofar.PleaseconsiderendorsingtheAccord.

• Translations:Chinese,Russian,Polish,Spanish,French.• IUCr PositionPaperinresponse:

http://www.iucr.org/iucr/open-data

CODATACODATAIISSUU

AnOpenResearchDataStrategyforPoland

§ Collaborationonanationalworkshop todevelopanationalopen researchdata/opensciencestrategyforPoland.

§ CODATAleadsmetearlierthisyearwithrepresentativesfromMinistryofScienceandEducationandwithOpenScienceCentretoplanaworkshop forFeb/March2017.

§ Drawsstronglyontheapproachoftheaccord.§ StakeholdersandResponsibilities:governments/funders, universitiesandresearch

institutions, institutional libraries,nationalacademiesandlearnedsocieties,nationalandinternationalresearchanddatainfrastructures,publishers andjournaleditorialboards.

§ WorkingGroupsonEnablingPractices: boundaries ofopen,normativevalues(sharing, timeliness),non-restrictivereuseandTDM,incentives,interoperability,sustainabilityofdatainfrastructure,dataliteracy.

CODATACODATAIISSUU

AfricanOpenDataPlatformInitiativeICSU-CODATA

• Proposals forOpenDataPlatforminitiatives,AfricaandLatinAmericaandCaribbean.

• Holistic‘sciencesystems’approach:policies,procedures, incentives,datainfrastructure,scholarlycommunications, skillsandtraining.

• KeystoneistoestablishanOpenDataPlatformwithacoordinatingrole.

• PilotinitiativefundedbyDepartmentofScienceandTechnology inSouthAfrica:nearly500Keurosoverthreeyears.

• ImplementedbystafffromSouthAfricanAcademyofSciences,underdirection fromICSU-CODATA.

• Currentlyundertakingpreparatorystudytoidentifypartners.

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BuildingtheInitiative

Establish African OpenDataForum/Platform

Funded Research DataInfrastructureInitiatives

Funded,co-designed transdisciplinary researchprojects

Co-design African OpenDataPolicies

Develop Incentives Frameworks

Develop Research DataScienceTraining

African Research DataInfrastructureRoadmap

Activities requirelow funding forcoordination,secondment,

contributions inkind andevaluation.

Activities requirehigher investmentforcoordination,

co-designimplemenatationandevaluation.

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CODATAinKenya

§ Internationalworkshoponopendataforscienceindevelopingcountries,UNESCO,Nairobi,August2014.

§ StrongendorsementfortheworkshopfromKenyanCabinetSecretaryandfromlocaluniversitiesandresearchinstitutes.

§ CabinetSecretaryDr.FredMatiang’i:calledonCODATAandother internationalorganisations to'becomemorevisibleineducationandcapacity-building,bydevelopingscienceandeducationalprogramsandactivitiesthatfocusondataandinformation’indevelopingcountries.

§ Announced datacentretobeestablishedatJomoKenyattaUniversityofAgricultureandTechnology.

§ ‘JKUAThasnowestablishedanICTCentreofExcellenceandOpenData(iCEOD)thatwaspartoftheNairobi-CODATAconferencerecommendation’

§ WorkingwithCODATAondatamanagementpoliciesanddevelopmentofiCEOD:http://www.codata.org/membership/national-members/kenya

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ChallengesanddevelopmentsJKUAT/Kenya

1. Lackofnationallegal/policyframeworkforopendata:e.g.FOIAct…stillBill• JKUATenactedJORDPolicy…aspartofimplementationofCODATAstrategy• Undertakingresearchinvariousdomains• UtilizingCollaborationseg CODATA,CASetc

2. BigData/OpenDatastillanewconcept…datareuseandsharingminimal• DevelopedcoursesforPhDIT- BusinessAnalyticsandreviewed

undergraduatecourses• Supply(motivation)anddemandbalancing

3. StillbuildingandIntegratinginfrastructure• BuildingiCEOD OpenDataPlatformtosupportdatareuse,preservation,

innovation4. IPissues…notenoughlegalandinstitutionalinstrumentstoencouragemoreopen

approaches5. Culturalpractices…dataprivatebydefault6. Capacitybuilding…organizingshortcourses&newcurriculumforDataScience.

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Resources:CurrentBestPracticeforResearchDataManagementPolicies

§ ExpertreportcommissionedbyCODATAmember.

§ Provides comprehensive summaryofbestpracticeinfunderdatapolicies.

§ Identifieskeyelementstobeaddressed:1. Summaryofpolicydrivers

2. Intelligentopenness

3. Limitsofopenness

4. Definitionofresearchdata

5. Definedatainscope

6. Criteriafor selection

7. Summaryofresponsibilities

8. Infrastructureandcosts

9. DMPrequirements

10. Enablingdiscoveryandreuse

11. Recognitionandreward

12. Reportingrequirements,compliancemonitoring

§ Zenodo:http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.27872

§ SeealsoRECODEReport,AnnexonPolicyDevelopment:http://recodeproject.eu/

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Developments:JournalDataPolicies

§ DryadJointDataArchivingPolicy,Feb2010:http://datadryad.org/jdap§ Thisjournalrequires,asaconditionforpublication,thatdatasupportingtheresultsinthepapershould

bearchivedinanappropriatepublicarchive,suchasGenBank,TreeBASE,Dryad,ortheKnowledgeNetworkforBiocomplexity.

§ PLOSDataAvailabilityPolicy,revisedFeb2014:http://www.plosone.org/static/policies.action#sharing§ PLOSjournalsrequireauthorstomakealldataunderlyingthefindingsdescribedintheirmanuscriptfully

availablewithoutrestriction,withrareexceptions.

§ Jisc worktodevelopregistryofjournaldatapolicies;BioSharing https://biosharing.org/§ LikelynewinitiativethroughRDAtoencouragedevelopmentandadoptionofjournaldatapolicies.§ CODATAworkingwithICSUtoencourageISUs toaddressdatapolicyfromdisciplinaryperspective.

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Barriers toDataAvailability /Publication

Researchersconcerns:§ Concernthatdatamaybemisusedormisunderstood.§ Concernthatwilllosescientificedgeifsharingbefore

fullyexploited.§ Desiretoretaincontrolofaprofessionalasset.§ Concernthatwillnotbecredited.§ Lackofcareerrewardsfordatapublication.§ SeeODEreport,usingParse.Insight findings:http://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-

content/uploads/downloads/2011/11/ODE-ReportOnIntegrationOfDataAndPublications-1_1.pdf

§ Cultureinparticularresearchdisciplines;availabilityofinfrastructure.

§ Fundamentally,researchersarereluctanttoexpendeffortsharingdatabecausetheydonotfeelthatdataisadequatelyexposedorcredited. Naturespecial issueondatasharing:

http://www.nature.com/news/specials/datasharing/index.html

Piwowar andVision(2013),PeerJ DOI:10.7717/peerj.175

CitationadvantageofhavingarchivedGeneExpressionOmnibusdata

Examined10,555 studiesthatcreatedgeneexpressionmicroarraydata,comparingthosethatmadedataavailableandthosethatdidn’t.

Studies thatmadedataavailableinapublicrepository received9%morecitationsthansimilarstudiesforwhichthedatawasnotmadeavailable.Increasedcitationof30%forthosepublished 2004-5.

CODATACODATAIISSUU

DataPolicies:DataCitation

Out of Cite, Out of Mind

http://bit.ly/out_of_citeJointDeclarationofDataCitation

Principles:https://www.force11.org/datacitation

BackgroundandDevelopments:http://bit.ly/data_citation_principles

Task GrouponDataCitationPrinciples andPracticesIfpublicationsarethestarsand

planetsofthescientificuniverse,dataarethe‘darkmatter’–influentialbutlargelyunobservedinourmappingprocess

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DataCitationasaRecognisedScientific Responsibility

§ ICSU,InternationalCouncil forScience,Statementon‘Openaccesstoscientificdataandliteratureandtheassessmentofresearchbymetrics’,Sept2014http://bit.ly/icsu-OA-statement

§ EndorsestheOECDPrinciplesandGuidelinesonAccesstoDatafromPubliclyFundedResearch(2007)

§ Recommendation4:‘Sciencepublishersandchiefeditorsofscientificpublicationsshouldrequireauthorstoprovideexplicitreferencestothedatasetsunderlyingpublishedpapers,usinguniquepersistentidentifiers.Theyalsoshouldrequireclearassurancesthatthesedatasetsaredepositedandavailableintrustedandsustainabledigitalrepositories.Citingdatasetsinreferencelistsusinganacceptedstandardformatshouldbeconsideredthenorm.’

§ AccordonOpenDatainaBigDataWorld,Principleix;Paras 54-57onCitationandProvenance:‘When,inscholarlypublications,researchersusedatacreatedbyothers,thosedatashouldbecitedwithreferencetotheiroriginator,totheirprovenanceandtoapermanentdigitalidentifier.’

CODATACODATAIISSUU

DataCitation:FromPrinciplestoPractice

§ CODATATaskGrouponDataCitation‘DataCitation:FromPrinciplestoPractice,AFocusontheResearchPolicyandFundingCommunity’:http://www.codata.org/task-groups/data-citation-standards-and-practices

§ Organising aninternationalseriesofimplementationandadoptionworkshops.

§ Promotethe implementationofdatacitationprinciplesintheresearchpolicyandfundingcommunitiesthroughout theworld.

§ Stakeholdersinclude:government,funders,researchperforminginstitutions, researchadministrators,researchlibrarians,researchers,learnedsocieties,publishers,dataarchives,journaleditors…§ Whatisthepolicyenvironmentfordatacitation?

§ Whatarecurrentattitudestodatacitation?§ Whatinfrastructurecurrentlyexiststosupport datacitation?§ Whatspecificplansforimplementation wereidentified?

WearetakingDataCitationworkshopsonaworldtour!

2015:China,Australia,Japan,India andSouth Africa.2016:USA, Israel,Russia +Finland (Nov)andTaiwan(Dec).2017:France,Korea, Indonesia,Brazil…

Synthesis Reportoffirst8workshopstobe published insoon!

CODATACODATAIISSUU

CODATA-RDASchoolofResearchDataScience

• Contemporary research– particularlywhenaddressing themostsignificant,transdisciplinary researchchallenges–increasinglydepends onarangeofskillsrelatingtodata.TheseskillsincludetheprinciplesandpracticeofOpenScienceandresearchdatamanagementandcuration,thedevelopmentofarangeofdataplatformsandinfrastructures,thetechniquesoflargescaleanalysis,statistics,visualisation andmodellingtechniques,softwaredevelopmentanddataannotation. Theensembleoftheseskills,relatingtodatainresearch,canusefullybecalled‘ResearchDataScience’.

CODATACODATAIISSUU

FoundationalResearchDataScienceCurriculum

Sevencomponents:openscience,datamanagementandcuration;softwarecarpentry;datacarpentry;datainfrastructures;statisticsandmachinelearning; visualisation.

Buildsonmuchexistingcoursestocreatesomethingmorethanthesumofitsparts:§ OpenScience– reflectiononethosandrequirementsofsharing/openness§ OpenResearchData– Basicsofdatamanagement,DMPs,RDMlife-cycle,data

publishing, metadataandannotation§ SoftwareCarpentry– Introduction toprogramming inR,theUnixshellandGit (sharing

softwareanddata)§ DataCarpentry– Introduction toSQLdatabases§ Visualisation – Tools,CriticalAnalysisofVisualisation§ Analysis– StatisticsandMachineLearning(Clustering, supervisedandunsupervised

learning)§ ComputationalInfrastructures– Introduction tocloudcomputing, launching aVirtual

MachineonanIaaS cloud

CODATACODATAIISSUU

CODATA-RDASchoolofResearchDataScience

§ FirstSchoolofResearchDataScience,1-12August2016,ICTP,Trieste

§ Funding forstudentsandtutorsprovidedbyICTP,TWAS,CODATA,ACU,RDAEurope,GEOandGODAN.

§ Attendedby70studentsfromallaround theworld.

#DataTrieste

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#DataFoo…

§ Programme for#datatriestehttp://bit.ly/School_of_Research_Data_Science-Programme

§ SchoolwillrepeatatTriestein2017and2018,at least…

§ PossiblywithadditionofoneweekmoreadvancedonBigData.

§ WillrunfoundationaltwoweekcourseatICTPINESPinSaoPaolo,Brazil,December2017.

§ Schoolscanberunwithagreaterorlesserdegreeofsupportandcoordinationfromtheinternationalconvenors.

§ Keentoencourageanetworkofschools,butalsolocalschoolswithlowercentralinput.

§ DiscussionswithpossiblepartnersinSouth AfricaandIndia.§ KeentoexploreopportunitieswithCODATANationaland

UnionMembers.

CODATACODATAIISSUU

ResearchDataInfrastructureRoadmaps

§ DataIntensiveResearchInfrastructureSA(DIRISA)andSAResearchInfrastructureRoadmap(SARIR)identifykey issuesindevelopmentofresearchinfrastructure.§ SARIRidentifies17keyresearchinfrastructuresforSA,basedonanESFRI-typemethodology.

§ ESFRIapproachandthedevelopmentoftheERICs /researchinfrastructuresimportant.§ Whatisthedatalandscapeandecosystem?Whatisprovidedbynationalandinternational

infrastructuresandwhatbyresearchinstitutions?§ ComparableexercisewillbeperformedwithpartnersofDataScienceCapacityBuildingInitiative.

§ ImportanttoensurethatresearchinfrastructureadequatelyaddressesOpenSciencerequirements>developroadmapResearchDataInfrastructures

§ WhataretheRDIrequirementsataregionallevelandforAfricannations?§ Whatistheroleofdisciplinaryinfrastructuresandofresearchinstitutions?§ Importanceofafull-lifecycleapproach.

Plan

Create

Use

AppraisePublish

Discover

Reuse

Store

Annotate

Select

DiscardDescribe

Identify HandOver?

Access

SupportingtheResearchDataLifecycle

CODATACODATAIISSUU

Whereshouldresearchdatago?

• Earthobservationdata;• Geneticdata;• Socialsciencesurveydata…

Homogenousdatacollectionsessentialforresearch

• Significantdataoutputs fromfundedprojects;

• Rawandanalysedexperimentaldata…

Significantdataoutputsof

publiclyfundedresearch

• Rawandanalysed dataforreproducibility (evidence);

• Databehind thegraph…

Dataunderpinning

researchpublications

Nationalandinternationaldata

archives

Nationalorinstitutionaldataarchives;data

papers

Dedicateddataarchives(e.g.

Dryad)

CODATACODATAIISSUU

ResearchDataInfrastructureRoadmaps

§ Researchprioritiesandgapanalysis.§ Ecosystem:whatistheprovisionofRDIs forparticular

disciplinesthroughnationalandinternationalinitiatives?

§ RoleofResearchInstitutions: Islifecyclesupportandlongtailbeingsupported ininstitutions.

§ RDIs arenotjusthardware,but ‘partofaresearchecosystem’,somustaddress:governance;training,personnelandcareerstructures’sustainablefunding;accessandoutreachtonational,publicandcommercialpartners.

§ RoadmapforDataInfrastructure§ Co-designtomeetnationalneedsandpriorities.§ Researchpriorities,opportunities forshared

infrastructures,examplesofgoodgovernanceandsustainablefundingmodels.

§ SustainableBusinessModelsforRDIs

CODATACODATAIISSUU

TheChallenge:SustainableBusinessModelsforDataRepositories

§ Researchfunder policies– quiterightly– mandatedatastewardship.§ OECDPrinciplesandGuidelines, 2007§ G8ScienceMinistersStatement,2013§ Majorfunders inUS,UK,ECHorizon2020datapolicyetc.

§ Increasingneedfordatarepositoriesanddatastewardship.§ Increasingvolumepresentsachallenge.§ Requirementsforstewardshippresentagreaterchallenge.

§ Sustainingdigitaldatainfrastructureisamajorissueforsciencepolicy!§ Genuineconcernthatcurrentfundingmodelswillproveinelasticandnotmeetthegrowing

requirements– concernonthepartofrepositoriesandfunders.§ Witnessing Innovation

§ Changesinfunding /businessmodels(ADS,TAIR;DANS,ICPSR)§ Innovativebusinessmodels (Dryad,FigShare)

CODATACODATAIISSUU

OECDGlobalScienceForumProject:SustainableBusinessModelsforDataRepositories

§ Questions toaddress:1. Howaredatarepositoriescurrentlyfunded?2. Whatinnovativeincomestreamsareavailable?3. Whatmeansofrestrainingcostsareavailable?4. Howdoincomestreamsmatchwillingness/ability topayofvariousstakeholders?5. Howdoincomestreams/willingness topayfittogetherintoasustainablebusiness

model?§ BuildsonpreviousworkofRDA-WDSInterestGroup:

http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46693§ Broaderlandscapesurveyofcurrentfundingmodels,May-Sept2016.§ Focusgrouponinnovativeincomestreamsandoncostrestraint,workshopNov2016.§ Microandmacroeconomicanalysisofbusinessmodels,Nov2016-Mar2017.§ Testbusinessmodelswithstakeholdergroups,workshopApril2017.§ Policyrecommendationsbasedonconcretebusinessmodeloptions, April-June2017.

CODATACODATAIISSUU

iCEOD ValueChain:DataandSocietyAgricultureandNutrition

CODATACODATAIISSUU

DataRevolution:howcanweimprove…withopendata?

§ GODAN-ODIReport:improvingagriculture,foodandnutritionwithopendata.

§ ‘Althoughtheamountofdataopenlyavailableisconstantlyincreasing,therearestillchallengesrelatedtodatamanagement,licensing, interoperabilityandexploitation.Thereisaneedtoevolvepolicies,practicesandethicsaround closed,shared,and opendata.’

§ Enablingmoreefficientandeffectivedecisionmaking >lowerscostofaccessinginformationandunderpinstoolsthatfarmersthemselvescanuse.

§ Fosteringinnovationtobenefiteveryone>anopportunitythatmustnotbemissedforcreatingnewbusinessesandjobs in‘newdata-poweredinnovationecosystems’.

§ Drivingorganisational andsectorchangethroughtransparency>opendataisessentialtounderstandingcomplexsystems,interventions,targets,change.

§ Availabilityisnotenough>essentialthatthedatabeinteroperableandmachine-readable.

§ Problemorientedandsolution-baseddatastrategies.

§ Developinfrastructureandhumancapacity.

CODATACODATAIISSUU

TheValueofOpenDataSharing

§ ReportbyCODATAforGEO,theGrouponEarthObservation.

§ Providesaconcise,accessible,highlevelsynthesisofkeyargumentsandevidenceofthebenefitsandvalueofopendatasharing.

§ Particular,butnotexclusive,referencetoEarthObservationdata.

§ Benefitsintheareasof:

§ EconomicBenefits§ SocialWelfareBenefits§ ResearchandInnovationOpportunities§ Education§ Governance

§ Availableathttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.33830§ GEODSWGisbuildingonthisworkwithfurther

examples:wouldbevaluabletoworkwiththiscommunity.

CODATACODATAIISSUU

Thank you foryour attention!

Credits forslides:inc.GeoffreyBoulton, JosephMuliaro WafulaCredit forphotos: Andjani Gatzweiler

SimonHodsonExecutive Director CODATA

www.codata.orghttp://lists.codata.org/mailman/listinfo/codata-international_lists.codata.org

Email:simon@codata.orgTwitter:@simonhodson99

Tel(Office):+33145250496|Tel(Cell):+33686304259

CODATA (ICSU Committee on Data for Science and Technology), 5 rue Auguste Vacquerie, 75016 Paris, FRANCE

CODATACODATAIISSUU

ExtraSlide

§ XXXX§ XXXX

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MotivationsandDrivers

§ Rigour andreproducibility§ Researchbenefitsofdatareuse

80%ofecologydatairretrievableafter20years(516studies)

VinesTH etal.(2013)Current Biology DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.014

CODATACODATAIISSUU

DataRevolution:AWorldthatCounts!

§ Creatingaworldthatcounts:Mobilising theDataRevolutionforSustainableDevelopment.

§ Tomeetthenewsustainablity goals‘thereisanurgentneedtomobilise thedatarevolution forallpeople andthewhole planetinordertomonitorprogress,holdgovernmentsaccountableandfostersustainable development.’

§ Withoutimmediateaction,gapsbetweendevelopedanddeveloping countries,betweeninformation-rich andinformation-poorpeople,andbetweentheprivateandpublic sectorswillwiden, andrisksofharmandabuses ofhuman rightswillgrow.

§ Dataqualityandintegrity§ Datadisaggregation(no-oneshouldbeinvisible)§ Datatimeliness§ Datatransparencyandopenness

§ Datausabilityandcuration§ Dataprotectionandprivacy§ Datagovernanceandindependence§ Dataresourcesandcapacity§ Datarights

How can we improve agriculture, food and nutrition with open data? | Open Data Institute 2015 17

Use cases

Improving crop varieties with open data on breeding trials: AgTrials Cultivar testing is an important means of improving crop varieties. A wide range of trials are taking place on sites all over the world, addressing issues such as drought tolerance, heat stress, and soil management. However, almost all of the data generated OHZ�ILLU�PUHJJLZZPISL�[V�V[OLY�YLZLHYJOLYZ�¶�ÄSLK�H^H`�VU�SHIVYH[VY`�OHYK�KYP]LZ��VY�sometimes lost completely due to bad data management.

By compiling data from agronomic and plant breeding trials and making it open, the Global Agricultural Trial Repository (AgTrials)38 hosted by a CGIAR Research Programme VU�*SPTH[L�*OHUNL��(NYPJ\S[\YL�HUK�-VVK�:LJ\YP[`��**(-:���VɈLYZ�H�YPJO�RUV^SLKNL�base to inform ongoing, collaborative research, while eliminating unnecessary and JVZ[S`�K\WSPJH[PVU�VM�LɈVY[Z��

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)YPUNPUN�HNYPJ\S[\YHS�YLZLHYJO�[V�[OL�THZZLZ!�-(6�(.90:�WVY[HS(.90:40 is an international network of research institutions and information nodes making agricultural research information globally available. It collects and disseminates bibliographic information on diverse food and agricultural publications, from over 150 KH[H�WYV]PKLYZ�PU����KPɈLYLU[�JV\U[YPLZ�

AGRIS uses bibliographic data as an aggregator for locating related content online and organises it via an open data repository (of over 8 million records). An application combines records with other open data repositories and links to other quality sources of data such as the World Bank, Nature, and the Chinese Germplasm Database.

38 AgTrials website: www.agtrials.org, accessed 03/05/15

39 CGIAR CCAFS (2015), AgTrials helps repurpose data for adaptation research, http://ccafs.cgiar.org/AgTrials, accessed 15/05/15

40 FAO AGRIS Portal: http://agris.fao.org, accessed 03/05/15

CODATACODATAIISSUU

BenefitsofOpenData:someexamplesfromGEO

§ BarbaraRyan,DirectorofSecretariatGEO,TED-XTalkBarcelona

§ In2008USGovernmentwasconvincedtomakeLandsat Dataopenlyavailable,forfree.

§ Undercharging,thehighestnumberofdownloadswas53scenesperday.

§ Nowover5700scenesperdayaredownloaded.

§ Spanishdeforestationresearch:underthechargingregimedataaccessalonewouldhavecost€260M

§ CODATAproducedaWhitePaperontheValueofDataSharingfortheGEO-XIIPlenary:http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.33830

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9umWTFgFIVs

CODATACODATAIISSUU

EconomicBenefitsofDataSharing:LandSat

§ 2006StudyestimatedthelossincaseofadatagapasequivalenttoUS$935M.

§ 2011Studyestimatedbenefitsoflandsat-sourcedinformation foragricultureasUS$858MjustforthestateofIowa.

§ 2015StudyestimatedworldwideeconomicbenefitofUS$2.19BN.

§ Estimatedbenefit inUSofUS$1.8BN.§ ValuingGeospatialInformation:UsingtheContingent

ValuationMethod toEstimatetheEconomicBenefitsofLandsat SatelliteImagery:http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/PERS.81.8.647 (Paywall…Irony…)

§ Opendataandopendatainfrastructurehasasignificanteconomicbenefit.

CODATACODATAIISSUU

EconomicBenefitsofDataSharing

§ ‘Manystudiesandreportshavedocumentedthepositivevalueofopenness forEOdata,specifically,andforvariousothertypesofdataandinformation,moregenerally.’

§ Weiss2002:quantifiedconsiderableeconomicbenefitsofmakingmeteorologicaldataopen($400-700Mingrossreceipts;businessesandemployment).

§ Houghton2011:apartfromeconomicbenefits,grosssavingforAustralianBureauofStatisticsofAU$3.5Mbyeliminatingchargingandmanagementstructure.

§ Houghton2014:Estimateunrealised benefitsofresearchdataofAU$1.4-4.9BNsetagainstestimatedAU$130-200Mcostofdatainfrastructure.

§ Interestedtoknowwhatstudiesofthebenefitsofdataavailabilityhavebeenconductedinthisareaofresearch?