strategic trends prgramme - future character of conflict

7/31/2019 Strategic Trends Prgramme - Future Character of Conflict

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Rò Euruzo A`fzfaroz ge Agmedlar

6- Lmrzgbuarlgm- Ròzo fzo f muhjoz ge g{rlgmq ffldfjdo rg f igozmhomrqoonlmi rg fa`loo lrq {gdla| gjcoarloq- Ròqo g{rlgmq lmadubo rò uqo ge qgerfmb `fzb {gyoz lmgdlmi farllrloq fazgqq rò bl{dghfrla$ oagmghla fmbhldlrfz| doozq ge {gyoz-6 R`lq {f{oz qoonq rg boqazljo y`fr hldlrfz| egzaoqfzo dlnod| rg op{ozlomao lm euruzo agmedlarq$ fmb {zglboq {glmrozq rg r`gqofzofq y`la` yldd jo oqqomrlfd rg ròlz quaaoqq- Agmedlar egddgyq f mfruzfd a|adoge fbf{rfrlgm fmb zoq{gmqo$ jur lrq ogdurlgm lq molròz dlmofz$ mgz agmqrfmr-:

Hua` lm rò dfqr Boeomao Zoloy zohflmq fdlb- @gyooz$ y`ldo yo fofbf{rob yodd rg qgho ge rò bohfmbq ge auzzomr g{ozfrlgmq ròzo lq f izgylmiqomqo r`fr fq{oarq ge Boeomao fzo gur ge {`fqo fmb dfiilmi> yo fzo qrlddg{rlhlqob egz rò agmedlarq r`fr yo egui`r lm rò {fqr- Euruzo agmedlar yldd jolmazofqlmid| `|jzlb lm a`fzfaroz- R`lq lq mgr agbo egz lmquzioma| gz

qrfjldlqfrlgm$ lr lq fjgur f a`fmio lm rò hlmbqor ge guz fbozqfzloq$ y`g fzoflhlmi rg op{dglr guz yofnmoqqoq uqlmi f ylbo fzlor| ge `liòmb fmb dgyomb fq|hhorzla roa`mlvuoq- Ròqo egzhq ge agmedlar fzo rzfmqaomblmi guzagmomrlgmfd umbozqrfmblmi ge y`fr ovufroq rg lzzoiudfz fmb zoiudfz hldlrfz|farllr|> rò agmedlar {fzfblih `fq q`lerob fmb yo huqr fbf{r guz f{{zgfaòqle yo fzo rg quaaoob- Ezgh rò olbomao agddoarob egz r`lq {f{oz$ lr lq adofzr`fr rò a`fddomioq ge rò euruzo yldd bohfmb oom izofroz lmqrlrurlgmfd fildlr|lm rò efao ge hfcgz zoqguzao agmqrzflmrq fmb qgho {zgegumbd| ygzz|lmi

blafrlgmq r`fr rò Yoqr hf| jo dgqlmi rò lmlrlfrlo lm rozhq ge blarfrlmi rò

yf| yfz lq egui`r- R`lq {f{oz$ y`la` bzfyq u{gm rò zoaomrd| u{bfrobMfrlgmfd Qoauzlr| Qrzfroi| (MQQ, fmb rò Bo{fzrhomr egz LmrozmfrlgmfdBoodg{homr (BELB, Y`lro [f{oz$ yldd geeoz f loy gm rò euruzo a`fzfaroz geagmedlar fmb ròm lbomrle| rò jzgfb lh{dlafrlgmq-

:- Rò A`fddomio- Ròzo fzo qoozfd bldohhfq efalmi f Boeomao qrzfroilqrrgbf|- Gm rò gmo `fmb$ agmedlar lq f a`fgrla$ ùhfm farllr|$ lm y`la` ròfbozqfz| iorq f gro> quz{zlqo$ oom q`gan$ fzo eofruzoq ge r`lq qrzfroiladfmbqaf{o- Gm rò gròz `fmb$ Boeomao {dfmmlmi egz agmedlar lmgdoq fdlimlmi{gdla| fmb zoqguzaoq$ fmb fq rg jo f zfrlgmfd {zgaoqq- Rò {dfmmlmi a|ado

lmgdoq aghhlrrlmi qujqrfmrlfd zoqguzaoq yodd lm fbfmao jfqob u{gm dgmizfmio egzoafqrq- Agmedlarq lmòzomr um{zoblarfjldlr| fq rzfblrlgmfdd| joomhlrlifrob j| q{zofblmi zlqn- Qua` òbilmi `fq joom hfmfiob lm bleeozomryf|q$ lmadublmi rò hflmromfmao ge f zfmio ge jfdfmaob egzaoq- R`lqf{{zgfa` hf| jo a`fddomiob j| rò izgylmi {zoqquzo gm zoqguzaoq fmb ròlmazofqlmi q{fm ge agmedlar- Rò elzqr rfqn ge rò qrzfroilqr lq rg umbozqrfmb rò

lm


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q{oalela {zgjdoh- Lm rò {fqr$ fmfd|qlmi rò mfruzo ge rò {zgjdoh yfqzodfrlod| qlh{do lm r`fr rò fbozqfzloq yozo yodd boelmob fmb r`lq {zglbob fzodfrlod| q`fz{ egauq- @gyooz$ euruzo agmedlar yldd rfno hfm| egzhq fmb rò{laruzo yldd jo lmazofqlmid| jduzzob- Rò qoagmb rfqn ge rò qrzfroilqr lq rg

fa`loo fm fq|hhorzla obio$ qg r`fr fr ooz| dood yo afm hflmrflm faf{falr| rg q`f{o oomrq fmb qolso rò lmlrlfrlo$ gz zoq{gmb rg ròumop{oarob- Lm rò {fqr$ rò Yoqrozm yf| ge yfzefzo {ur f li` {zohluh gmroa`mgdgi| rg bodloz rò obio- Ezgh :;:; r`lq afm mg dgmioz jo fqquhob>lmboob$ qgho ge rò roa`mgdgi| gm y`la` yo jfqo guz yf| ge yfzefzo rg{zgcoar fmb oh{dg| {gyoz lq fdzofb| udmozfjdo- Rò r`lzb rfqn ge ròquaaoqqeud qrzfroilqr lq rg fddgafro zoqguzaoq lm gzboz rg fa`loo boalqlooeeoar$ fmb yòm zoqguzaoq fzo q`gzr$ rg boalbo yòzo fmb `gy rg rfno fmbhlrlifro zlqn- R`lq {f{oz yldd fziuo r`fr rò _N moobq izofroz af{falr| rgumbozqrfmb ohozilmi agmedlar$ fmb ròm izofroz lmqrlrurlgmfd fildlr| rgfmrlal{fro$ dofzm fmb fbf{r umboz blozqo hgumrlmi {zoqquzoq- [zgeoqqgz QlzHla`fod @gyfzb yfzmq3

Mg hfrroz `gy adofzd| gmo r`lmnq$ lr lq lh{gqqljdo rg fmrlal{fro{zoalqod| rò a`fzfaroz ge euruzo agmedlar- Rò no| lq rg mgr jo qgefz gee rò hfzn r`fr lr joaghoq lh{gqqljdo rg fbcuqr gmao r`fra`fzfaroz lq zoofdob-

1- Qag{o- R`lq {f{oz jzloed| qorq gur rò idgjfd fmb mfrlgmfd qrzfroila

agmropr egz Boeomao- Lr ròm fmfd|qoq rzombq lm rò a`fzfaroz ge agmedlar (ylr`qmf{q`grq fr rò ? fmb :; |ofz {glmrq, bzfylmi bobuarlgmq- Lr agmaduboq j|gurdlmlmi rò jzgfb lh{dlafrlgmq egz Boeomao-

2- Fqquh{rlgmq- @gyooz$ r`lq {f{oz lq jfqob gm 5 jzgfb fqquh{rlgmqbozlob ezgh auzzomr {gdla|3

Rò _N `fq qlimlelafmr idgjfd lmrozoqrq fmb yldd ròzoegzo ylq` rgzohflm f dofblmi fargz gm rò lmrozmfrlgmfd qrfio fq f {ozhfmomrhohjoz ge rò _mlrob Mfrlgmq Qoauzlr| Agumald (_MQA,$ f muadofz

{gyoz$ f no| hohjoz ge Mgzr` Frdfmrla Rzofr| Gzifmlsfrlgm (MFRG,$rò Ouzg{ofm _mlgm (O_, fmb gròz lmrozmfrlgmfd lmqrlrurlgmq$lzzoq{oarlo ge rò {gromrlfd egz lrq {gyoz jfqo rg boadlmo-

Boeomao yldd jo rò Mfrlgmq udrlhfro lmquzfmao {gdla|- Yo afmmgrzudo gur rò zoohoziomao ge f hfcgz qrfrodob r`zofr$ jur lm ròegzoqoofjdo euruzo$ ròzo lq mg qrfro ylr` rò lmromr fmb af{fjldlr| rg


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r`zofrom rò _N hflmdfmb> r`zofrq fzo hgzo dlnod| rg jo hfmleoqroblm doqq rzfblrlgmfd$ mgmhldlrfz| bghflmq- @gyooz$ rò qgozolimr|ge qgho ge guz Gozqofq Rozzlrgzloq yldd qrldd jo qujcoar rg rozzlrgzlfdadflhq j| gròz qrfroq$ y`la` yldd qoon rg opozr {zoqquzo gm ròh

r`zgui` qgho gz fdd ge bl{dghfrla$ oagmghla gz hldlrfz| hofmq-

1

Euruzo {dfmmlmi yldd jo agmbuarob fiflmqr f jfanizgumb ge elmlro

elmfmalfd zoqguzaoq y`ldo rò hldlrfz| {uza`fqlmi {gyoz ge {gromrlfdagh{orlrgzq lq lmazofqlmi fmb ròlz {fao ge fbf{rfrlgm lq gurqrzl{{lmi guzq-

Guz fbozqfzloq fzo umdlnod| rg omifio uq gm guz rozhq fmb yldd mgreli`r qgdod| fiflmqr guz agmomrlgmfd qrzomir`q- Rò| yldd qoon fmfq|hhorzla fbfmrfio fmb qgho yldd oh{dg| f ylbo zfmio ge

yfzeli`rlmi roa`mlvuoq$ qghorlhoq qlhudrfmoguqd| lm rlho$ q{faofmb bghflm- Ròlz dgila yldd mgr moaoqqfzld| jo guz dgila fmb rùqguz fjldlr| rg umbozqrfmb fbozqfzloq fmb guz fjldlr| rg hfno ròhumbozqrfmb guz lmromr yldd jo a`fddomilmi-

Qlmao elmfd zoqgdurlgm ge agmedlar yldd lmgdo {og{do fmb yòzo rò|dlo$ qrzfroila quaaoqq yldd gerom$ jur mgr opaduqlod|$ jo fa`loobr`zgui` rò zoqudrq ge farlgmq gm rò izgumb-2 Ròqo farlgmq fzoumdlnod| rg jo {uzod| hldlrfz| fdr`gui` lr yldd jo lrfd egz rò _N rgfa`loo hldlrfz| oeeoar jgr` gm rò dfmb fmb lm rò idgjfd aghhgmq-

Rò _N yldd far ylr` gròzq yòzo q`fzob lmrozoqrq fmb fduoqaglmalbo- Yo yldd zgurlmod| g{ozfro ylr` fddloq fmb {fzrmozq$ lm{fzrlaudfz fq f qu{{gzrlmi {fzrmoz lm f _Qdob agfdlrlgm- Lr lqoprzohod| umdlnod| r`fr rò _N yldd agmbuar yfzeli`rlmi ylr`gur _Qdofbozq`l{$ jur lm gròz g{ozfrlgmq rò _N hf| jo afddob u{gm rgdofb f mgm_Q agfdlrlgm-


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Agmropr Rò R`zofr Bzlozq

Bobuarlgmq ezgh Agmropr

Idgjfd rzombq lmblafro lmazofqlmi lmqrfjldlr| fmb izgylmi g{{gzrumlr| egzagmezgmrfrlgm fmb agmedlar- Lm {fzrlaudfz$ rò a`fmilmi b|mfhla joryoomrò hfcgz {gyozq yldd lmeduomao `gy rò _N {zo{fzoq rg eli`r-Idgjfdlqfrlgm yldd faaodozfro rò {fao ge a`fmio lm rò a`fzfaroz geagmedlar$ fmb azofro f Idgjfd Cglmr G{ozfrlgmfd Fzof-

Qrfro eflduzo yldd jo gmo ge rò bghlmfmr$ boelmlmi eofruzoq ge euruzoagmedlar- [zoomrfrlo omifiohomr hf| òd{ rg hlrlifro rò gaauzzomaofmb agmqovuomaoq ge qrfro eflduzo le rò hldlrfz| lmqrzuhomr lq uqob fqfm lmroizfrob odohomr ge _N qhfzr {gyoz-

Rò faaoqq rg zoqguzaoq (omozi|$ eggb gz yfroz, yldd bzlo qrfroqqoauzlr| lmrozoqrq> agmrzgd goz ròqo zoqguzaoq fmb ròlz hor`gbq geblqrzljurlgm r`zgui` rò idgjfd aghhgmq yldd jo f azlrlafd eofruzo geagmedlar lm rò lmrozmfrlgmfd q|qroh- Lr hf| blarfro y`| yo eli`r$ yòzoyo eli`r fmb rùq `gy yo eli`r-

Oprzohlqr mgmqrfro fargzq$ {fzrlaudfzd| fdVfobf fmb lrq fqqgalfroq$ fzodlnod| rg zohflm f qlimlelafmr r`zofr rg rò _N fmb lrq fddloq-

Rò euruzo a`fzfaroz agmedlar agudb zoqudr lm rò _N `flmi doqqblqazorlgm r`fm hf| jo fqquhob- Yo hf| jo gjdliob rg omifio lmagmedlar fmb$ gmao omifiob$ yo hf| mgr fdyf|q agmrzgd rò hfmmoz lmy`la` yo eli`r-

?- Quhhfz| ge Agmropr- Qorrlmi fqlbo qrzfroila q`ganq fmb fanmgydobilmi[zgeoqqgz Qlz Dfyzomao Ezoobhfmq gjqozfrlgm r`fr rò oprzfgzblmfz| hf|mgr moaoqqfzld| jo rò hgqr blqrfmr$ lr lq qrldd {gqqljdo rg fqqozr$ ylr` f eflzboizoo ge agmelbomao$ y`fr rò bghlmfmr r`zofr bzlozq fzo dlnod| rg jo gur rg:;:


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Adlhfro A`fmio- Adlhfro a`fmio hf| azofro lmqrfjldlr|$ oq{oalfdd|lm r`gqo qrfroq r`fr fzo fdzofb| udmozfjdo rg gròz {zoqquzoq- _NFzhob Egzaoq hf| moob rg g{ozfro lm fzofq ge adlhfrla oprzohoq-

Bohgizf{`|- Rò ygzdbq {g{udfrlgm lq zlqlmi fmb r`lq yldd dofb rglmazofqob bohfmbq egz zoqguzaoq- Qgho qrfroq yldd zoifzb ròqoauzlr| ge ròlz eggb fmb yfroz qu{{dloq fq lqquoq ge mfrlgmfdquzlfd fmb yldd far faagzblmid|- Ylr`lm rò _N$ f a`fmilmibohgizf{`la jfdfmao rgyfzbq f hgzo hudrlor`mla qgalor| hofmqr`fr qgho agmedlarq yldd azofro zlqnq$ lmadublmi oprzohlqh$ ylr`lm guzgym aghhumlrloq-

Idgjfdlqfrlgm fmb lrq Lh{far- Rò _N yldd agmrlmuo rg zod| gmidgjfdlqfrlgm egz lrq {zgq{ozlr|-? Idgjfdlqfrlgm zovulzoq agg{ozfrlgm$

fmb r`lq yldd `fo f qrfjldlqlmi oeeoar$ jur lr fdqg azofroq romqlgmqfmb$ lm qgho afqoq$ ròqo yldd jo f bzloz ge lmqrfjldlr| fmb agmedlar-Rò {`|qlafd fmb lzrufd morygznq r`fr qu{{gzr idgjfdlqfrlgm$ nmgymfq rò idgjfd aghhgmq$ yldd `fo rg jo {zgroarob fmb r`lq hf|zobuao rò dood ge blqazorlgm egz rò _N-

Omozi| Zoqguzaoq- J| :;:< ròzo lq op{oarob rg jo f agmqlbozfjdolmazofqo lm bohfmb egz omozi|- Rò _N yldd jo azlrlafdd| bo{ombomru{gm omozi| lh{gzrq fmb qoauzlmi ròh yldd jo mgmblqazorlgmfz|-

Efldob fmb Efldlmi Qrfroq- Qrfroq r`fr afmmgr fbf{r rg rò a`fmilmiidgjfd agmropr yldd zlqn agddf{qo$ fmb hfm| qua` eflduzoq yldd jofaagh{fmlob j| qujqrfmrlfd gurjzofnq ge lgdomao- Rò {ggzigozmfmao$ oagmghla bo{zlfrlgm fmb lmovufdlr| r`fr a`fzfarozlqoqefldob fmb efldlmi qrfroq lq dlnod| rg q{zofb rg moli`jguzlmi qrfroq-Rò _N hf| eood agh{oddob rg far boalqlod| rg zoqrgzo qrfjldlr| gz$ frdofqr$ rg agmrflm rò lh{far ge lmqrfjldlr|-

Lbogdgi|- Lbogdgilafd hgohomrq$ jfqob gm zodlilgm fmb lbomrlr|$ ylddzohflm f qlimlelafmr efargz fmb {og{do yldd agmrlmuo rg eli`r egz ròlzjodloeq- Lbogdgi| yldd mgr jo iogizf{`lafdd| jgumbob-

5- _N Boeomao Zoqguzaoq fmb Eumblmi- Fdr`gui` lr lq bleelaudr rg hfnoelmfmalfd {zoblarlgmq$ yo yldd moob rg fbbzoqq agqr lmazofqoq fjgo rò IzgqqBghoqrla [zgbuar boedfrgz (lmadublmi hfm{gyoz fqqgalfrob agqrq,$ fmb jo{zo{fzob rg agmqlboz a`glaoq ylr`lm f boelmob elmfmalfd omodg{o- Qua`


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a`glaoq hf| lmadubo3 vufdlr| ozquq vufmrlr|>5 rò dood ge agmrzljurlgm lmagfdlrlgm'fddlfmao qaomfzlgq> qafdoq ge oeegzr> agmauzzoma| fqquh{rlgmq> fqyodd fq lmezfqrzuaruzo$ oqrfroq$ rzflmlmi fmb qu{{gzr-

Ròhoq lm Euruzo Agmedlar

Bobuarlgmq ezgh Ròhoq lm Euruzo Agmedlar

Euruzo agmedlar yldd mgr jo f {zoalqo qalomao3 lr yldd zohflm fmum{zoblarfjdo fmb umlvuod| ùhfm farllr|- Fbozqfzloq (qrfro$qrfro{zgploq fmb mgmqrfro, fmb r`zofrq (agmomrlgmfd fmbumagmomrlgmfd, yldd jduz- Rò zfmio ge r`zofrq yldd q{zofb$ ylr`lmazofqob {zgdleozfrlgm ge Yof{gmq ge Hfqq Boqrzuarlgm (YHB,$a|jozq{fao$ fmb gròz mgod fmb lzzoiudfz r`zofrq-

Oom buzlmi yfzq ge mfrlgmfd quzlfd gz rò boqrzuarlgm ge YHB$ agmedlaryldd zohflm egauqob gm lmeduomalmi {og{do- Rò jfrrdo ge rò mfzzfrloqyldd jo no|$ fmb rò _N huqr agmbuar {zgrzfarob lmeduomao farllr|$aggzblmfrob aomrzfdd| fmb opoaurob dgafdd|-

Hflmrflmlmi {ujdla qu{{gzr yldd jo oqqomrlfd egz quaaoqq gm g{ozfrlgmq-Azlrlafd rg r`lq yldd jo doilrlhfa| fmb oeeoarlo doodq ge egzao {zgroarlgm-

Vufdlrfrlo fbfmrfio hf| mg dgmioz jo fqquhob lm rò euruzo- Qghofbozqfzloq hf| jo fjdo rg {zgauzo fbovufro vufdlr| fq yodd fq feegzb

izofroz vufmrlr|$ yòzofq yo yldd jo umfjdo rg hfqq queelalomr vufdlr| gzvufmrlr| ooz|yòzo r`fr lr lq moobob-

9- Agmedlar Ròhoq- Qgho agmedlar ròhoq fzo ombuzlmi fmb yldd f{{d| lmjgr` :;62 fmb :;:


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jur gmao omifiob$ agmedlar afm q`f{o {gdla|- Agmedlar yldd zohflm rò zofdh geezlarlgm fmb umaozrflmr|- Lr `fq eofruzoq yo yldd fdyf|q qrzuiido rg agmrzgd$ fmb(buo rg qhfzr$ fbf{rlo fbozqfzloq, lr yldd$ fr rlhoq$ egzao uq rg zoq{gmb lmyf|q yo bg mgr op{oar- Rò lmlrlfrlo lq mgr f ilom fmb yo huqr op{oar

afqufdrloq$ {gqqljd| lm dfzio muhjozq- Y`ldo yo `fo mg fdrozmfrlo jur rgagh{fzrhomrfdlqo fmb zfrlgmfdlqo agmedlar rg hfno lmegzhob zoqguzao {dfmmlmia`glaoq$ yo huqr bg qg fyfzo r`fr lm zofdlr|$ buo rg lrq eumbfhomrfd mfruzo$ lrlq mgr ofqld| blqfiizoifrob lmrg elmlro agmqrlruomr hldlrfz| rfqnq- Guzomifiohomr yldd a`fmio rò agmedlar lm yf|q r`fr yo hf| mgr jo fjdo rg{zoblar gz eudd| agmrzgd-

6;- Rò Ogdlmi A`fzfaroz ge Agmedlar- Rò egzh agmedlar rfnoq ogdoq- Ròlmegzhfrlgmfio ZHF q{fymob agmao{rq dlno zf{lb oeeoar dofblmi rg f jodloe lmrò dfro :;r` Aomruz| fmb rò ofzd| |ofzq ge rò :6qr r`fr rò Yoqr agudb

boelmo yfz lm lrq gym rozhq$ fq opoh{dlelob$ lr yfq fziuob$ j| rò boeofr geQfbbfh @uqqolm-9 Hua` ge guz auzzomr af{fjldlr| fmb r`lmnlmi fjgur yfzefzobfroq ezgh r`lq ZHF- Ròzo `fo joom hfm| jomoelrq$ lmadublmi MorygznOmfjdob Af{fjldlr| (MOA,$ gm y`la` yo lmazofqlmid| zod|- @gyooz$ rò ZHFyfq mgr f agh{doro qgdurlgm rg rò {zgjdohq ge yfzefzo lm guz rlho> lr yfqumfjdo rg dler rò egi ge yfz gz {zglbo uq ylr` rò hofmq egz boalqlo oeeoar lmooz| afqo- Qhfzroz fbozqfzloq `fo fbf{rob rg agumrozfar rò Yoqrozm{zoeozzob yf| ge yfzefzo- Rò _Q `fq zofdlqob rò dlhlrq ge r`lqrzfmqegzhfrlgm fmb rò jodloe lr agudb dlhlr rò uqo ge egzao rg yfzeli`rlmi- Lr

`fq zodofzmr r`fr yfz lq fm fbf{rlo q|qroh$ mgr f aòan dlqr ge hldlrfz| rfqnq-

Fq yo `fo qoom$ fbozqfzloq fzo qrub|lmi rò Fhozlafm yf| geyfz fmb yldd boodg{ hor`gbq rg a`fddomio guz oqrfjdlqòb fmbgerom {zoblarfjdo {zogaau{frlgm ylr` rò qalomao ge yfzefzo fmbq{oob| zoaguzqo rg {zoalqlgm elzo({gyoz$ hfrozlod$ fmb hgmo| fqrò fmqyoz rg g{ozfrlgmfd a`fddomioq-0

Rò zf{lbd| ogdlmi a`fzfaroz ge g{ozfrlgmq lm Lzfv fmb Fei`fmlqrfm q`gudbmgr `fo quz{zlqob uq> r`lq yfq omrlzod| zo{zoqomrfrlo ge y`fr yo q`gudb

`fo nmgym fjgur guz azfer$ jur lr f{{ofzq rg `fo joom {fzrd| gjqauzob j| fyfo ge ZHFlmbuaob ujzlq feroz rò Agdb Yfz- R`gqo agmedlarq fzo molròzopfar hgbodq egz ooz| {gqqljdo euruzo yfz$ jur mgz fzo rò| fr|{lafd lm r`frjgr` `fo zorfui`r uq r`fr rò omoh| iorq f gro-


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66- Y`| Yo Ig rg Yfz- R`o hgrloq egz omifilmi lm agmedlar `fo joomboqazljob uqlmi r`o agmao{r ge eofz$ `gmguz fmb lmrozoqr- < Egzao egz iggb(`gmguz, yfq uqob rg cuqrle| hfcgz blqazorlgmfz| _N hldlrfz| omifiohomrqferoz Hz Jdflzq A`lafig Q{ooa` lm F{zld 6


10/45

izgy fmb rò yoli`r ge zodlfmao yo {ur gm {fzrmozq`l{ fq f agzo agmao{rq`gudb lh{far rò a`glaoq yo mgy hfno- Egz opfh{do$ rò _N agudbagmaomrzfro lrq zoqguzaoq gm aozrflm fzofq fmb zod| gm {fzrmozq rg {zglbo ròeudd q{oarzuh ge af{fjldlrloq- R`lq f{{zgfa` ygudb feeoar rò b|mfhla ge guz

zodfrlgmq`l{ ylr` guz {fzrmozq$ fmb {fzrlaudfzd| rò _Q- Hgzo adofzd|lbomrle|lmi y`fr guz {fzrmozq (oq{oalfdd| rò _Q, zovulzo ge uq fmb y`fr yofzo ylddlmi rg geeoz lm zoruzm$ yldd jorroz fddgy uq rg egauq gm rò {zfarlafdlrloq gelmrozg{ozfjldlr|- Yo moob rg zoagimlqo jorroz rò b|mfhlaq fmb dlhlrfrlgmq ge{fzrmozq`l{$ lm rò qfho yf| r`fr yo mgy qoon rg umbozqrfmb `gy borozzomaog{ozfroq-

[fzrmozq`l{q fq f [gromrlfd Qrzfroila Obio

61- Doilrlhfa|- Fdd yfzefzo zovulzoq rò {gdlrlafd qu{{gzr fmb agmqomquq gerò {og{do lm y`gqo mfho lr lq yfiob- R`lq lq {fzrlaudfzd| lh{gzrfmr lm f

{zgdgmiob yfz> umegzrumfrod| lr lq oz| bleelaudr rg {zoblar rò buzfrlgm ge fagmedlar- Rò _N yldd dggn egz qrzgmi cuqrlelafrlgm lm dfy$ yòròz mfrlgmfd gzlmrozmfrlgmfd$ lbofdd| jfanob j| f _MQA Zoqgdurlgm- Guz fbozqfzloq hf| jodoqq agmqrzflmob fmb bohgmqrzfjdo egzao {zgroarlgm yldd jo zovulzob le yo fzorg hflmrflm {ujdla qu{{gzr- Rò a`fmilmi jfdfmao ge {gyoz lm lmrozmfrlgmfdgzifmlqfrlgmq yldd òli`rom rò romqlgm joryoom rò fjldlr| egz rò _N rg


11/45

fa`loo lmrozmfrlgmfd doilrlhfa| fmb rò lh{ozfrlo rg far vuland|- Rò uqo gehldlrfz| lmqrzuhomrq yldd gmd| jo lfjdo gmao oomrq `fo joom agzzoard|frrzljurob r`zgui` gjcoarlo olbomao$ {zglblmi f qrzgmi jfqlq lm {ujdlaqu{{gzr fmb rfnlmi r`fr afqo rg [fzdlfhomr- Fa`lolmi r`lq boizoo ge lmrozmfd

doilrlhfa| yldd rfno rlho$ buo rg rò dlnodl`ggb r`fr [fzdlfhomr yldd zovulzo f_MQA Zoqgdurlgm> lrqode qghor`lmi r`fr hf| joagho lmazofqlmid| bleelaudr rgfa`loo yòm efargzq qua` fq lmazofqlmi idgjfd lmrozbo{ombomao$ egz opfh{dolm zoqguzaoq fmb elmfmalfd hfznorq$ `fo rg jo rfnom lmrg faagumr- Rò zoqudrlq r`fr lm euruzo agmedlarq rò _N lq dlnod| rg jo qrfzrlmi ezgh f {gqlrlgm geblqfbfmrfio lm rozhq ge hldlrfz| lmlrlfrlo- Lm gzboz rg agmeuqo ròlmrozmfrlgmfd aghhumlr| jgr` qrfro fmb mgmqrfro fbozqfzloq hf| qoon rggjqauzo ròlz lmgdohomr fmb yo yldd moob efz jorroz qlrufrlgmfdumbozqrfmblmi$ lmadublmi mofz zofd rlho egzomqla frrzljurlgm- Fiflm$ ròzovulzohomr rg juldb f agh{oddlmi {gdlrlafd afqo egz farlgm yldd lmolrfjd| ofrlmrg rò rlho ffldfjdo egz azlqlq hfmfiohomr- Bodf|q lm boalqlgm hfnlmi ylddlh{far g{ozfrlgmfd roh{g$ {urrlmi f {zohluh gm hgzo fildo boalqlgmhfnlmiqrzuaruzoq fmb {zgaoqqoq$ jgr` mfrlgmfdd| fmb ylr`lm rò fddlfmao3 ròqo{zgaoqqoq huqr jo zgurlmod| opozalqob le gmd| rg bohgmqrzfro zoqgdo-@gyooz$ {ujdla frrlrubo rg doilrlhfa| agudb jo a`fmiob j| fm oomr qua`fq f Huhjflqr|do frzgalr| boqlimob rg {zggno f zofarlgm- Lm qua` afqoq$zgjuqr fblao gm rò dlhlrq ge rò hldlrfz| lmqrzuhomr yldd jo no|- Zoq{gmblmirg rò qafdo ge rò zlqn {gqob j| rò izgylmi zfmio ge qrfro fmb mgmqrfrofargzq yldd jo gmo ge rò hgqr bleelaudr a`fddomioq egz rò lmrozmfrlgmfd

aghhumlr|$ {fzrlaudfzd| doilrlhlqlmi zoq{gmqoq rg YHB {zgdleozfrlgm-

62- Yof{gmq ge Hfqq Boqrzuarlgm- [zgdleozfrlgm ge YHB$ fhgmiqr qrfroqfmb mgmqrfro fargzq$ yldd jo f aomrzfd$ ombuzlmi afuqo ge agmedlar- Rò zlqn geAòhlafd$ Jlgdgilafd$ Zfblgdgilafd fmb Muadofz (AJZM, uqo yldd ombuzo>lmboob lmazofqo$ goz rò dgmi rozh- Rò qrzfroila fmplor| fmb {gromrlfdlmqrfjldlr| afuqob j| AJZM {zgdleozfrlgm lq r|{lelob j| lmrozmfrlgmfd ezuqrzfrlgmgoz Lzfm fmb Mgzr` Ngzof$ ylr` rò zlqnq ge {zooh{rlo farlgm fmb zoilgmfdfzhq zfaoq$ fmb yòzo qger {gyoz fdgmo `fq mgr joom mgrfjd| quaaoqqeud-Fdr`gui` muadofz yof{gmq zohflm f ifho a`fmilmi efargz yo q`gudb mgry`gdd| elpfro gm r`lq lqquo> y`ldo qrfroq fzo umdlnod| rg qrgan{ldo Aòhlafd fmbJlgdgilafd (AJ, fiomrq$ f qhfdd muhjoz ge agumrzloq fzo dlnod| rg zorflm ròfjldlr| rg hfmuefaruzo fmb hgumr geeomqlo AJ {zgizfhhoq- Lmrozmfrlgmfdrozzgzlqr izgu{q hf| fdqg favulzo AJ fmb zfblgdgilafd yof{gmq- Fq YHB{zgdleozfro$ hgzo qrfroq fzo dlnod| rg yof{gmlqo q|qrohq$ olròz rg borozg{{gmomrq gz fq lmqrzuhomrq ge {gyoz lm ròlz gym zli`r- Frroh{rq rg agmrzgd


12/45

gz agumroz {zgdleozfrlgm `fo mgr fdd joom quaaoqqeud- Lm zoq{gmblmi rg{zgdleozfrlgm lm f azlqlq$ yo yldd efao f romqlgm joryoom rò hldlrfz| dgila egz ròlhhoblfro boqrzuarlgm ge YHB ilom rò yf|q lm y`la` rò| hf| joagmaofdob gz {zgroarob fmb rò {gdlrlafd lh{ozfrlo rg ilo gròz doozq rlho

rg ygzn- Jfddlqrla Hlqqldo Boeomao hf| hlrlifro qgho ge rò zlqn$ jur lqumdlnod| rg zohgo rò r`zofr agh{dorod|- Agmqovuomrd|$ lr lq dlnod| r`fr rò _Nfmb lrq Egzaoq yldd eli`r fbozqfzloq y`g uqo AJZM yof{gmq-

Aòhlafd$ Jlgdgilafd$ Zfblgdgilafd fmb Muadofz [zgdleozfrlgm

6?- Rò Boadlmlmi Roa`mgdgilafd Fbfmrfio- @lqrgzlafdd|$ rò roa`mgdgilafdfbfmrfio r`fr yo omcg|ob$ fmb gm y`la` qg hua` ge guz op{dlalr fmb lh{dlalrhldlrfz| audruzo zoqrq$ agh{omqfrob egz guz dfan ge hfqq- Roa`mgdgi| feeoarqrò yf| lm y`la` f egzao lq fjdo rg eli`r fmb rò azobljldlr| ge r`fr egzao rgboroz- @gyooz$ rò fmiufzb ge roa`mgdgilafd boodg{homr lq q`lerlmirgyfzbq rò aghhozalfd qoargz y`la`$ r|{lafdd|$ lq hgzo fildo r`fm rò hldlrfz|lr qu{{gzrq$ fmb lr lq hglmi Ofqr- Guz favulqlrlgm fmb quqrflmfjldlr|{zgaoqqoq fzo mgy bzlom lm {fzr j| y`fr lmbuqrz| afm fmb yldd {zglbo-Lmazofqlmid|$ yo yldd elmb guzqodoq zodlfmr gm lmbuqrz| egz qu{{gzr$ jgr` lm rò`gho jfqo fmb lm ròfrzo$ le yo fzo rg jo fbf{rlo- Fbf{rfrlgm lq mgr$


13/45

`gyooz$ rò {zoqozo ge boodg{ob qrfroq- Qgho qoohlmid| lmeozlgzfbozqfzloq yldd jo fjdo rg fa`loo rfarlafd quaaoqq joafuqo ròlz faaoqq rgfdrozmfrlo qguzaoq ge roa`mgdgi| yldd lh{zgo$ ròlz zfro ge fbf{rfrlgm yldd joefqroz r`fm guzq$ fmb ròlz agqrq yldd jo qlimlelafmrd| doqq- Yo q`gudb op{oar

lmazofqlmi a`fddomioq rg guz roa`mlafd qu{ozlgzlr|> [zgauzohomr {zgizfhqr`fr rfno boafboq hf| jo gjqgdoqaob lm fm ferozmggm j| moy roa`mgdgilafdlmmgfrlgmq-66 Zoq{gmblmi rg r`lq yldd zovulzo fm fildo favulqlrlgm fmbqu{{gzr morygzn af{fjdo ge zoq{gmblmi rg a`fmilmi g{ozfrlgmfd moobq- Ròzolq f qomqo r`fr rò Yoqr lq auzzomrd| rgg ovul{homregauqob> lm rò euruzo yohf| `fo rg zod| hgzo gm guz {og{do rg {zglbo fm obio> r`lq yldd zovulzo efzizofroz lmoqrhomr lm qodoarlgm$ rzflmlmi fmb obuafrlgm-

65- Rò Aomrzfdlr| ge Lmeduomao- Le rò a`fzfaroz ge rò dfqr hldlrfz| ozf yfqboelmob j| rò Yoqrq fjldlr| rg agmbuar {zoalqlgm qrzlnoq gm omoh| {dfregzhq

fmb aghhfmb mgboq$ rò agmedlarq ge rò euruzo fzo dlnod| rg jo boelmob hgzoj| rò aomrzfdlr| ge lmeduomao- Guz fbozqfzloq `fo fdzofb| zoagimlqob ròqrzfroila lh{gzrfmao ge lmeduomalmi {ujdla {ozao{rlgmq fmb yldd agmrlmuo rgboodg{ fmb uqo lmazofqlmid|qg{`lqrlafrob hor`gbq- R`lqjfrrdo ge rò mfzzfrloq$ y`la`lq mgr cuqr f hfrroz gelh{zgob {ujdla feeflzq$ ylddrfno {dfao lm f boaomrzfdlqob$

| yldd fh{dle| q`gan farlgm- Lm fyldd jzofn efqroz r`fm f igozmhomr gz

Aomrzfdlr| ge Lmeduomao

morygznob fmb ezoohfznor gelbofq$ g{lmlgmq fmb oom zfybfrf$ y`la` yldd yofnom ròlhhoblfa| fmb lmeduomao gehflmqrzofh moyq {zglbozq-Jzofnlmi oomrq yldd jolmazofqlmid| rzfmqhlrrobblzoard| rg lmbllbufdq fr ooz`liòz roh{g$ gerom ylr`gurigozmhomr gz oblrgzlfd eldrozq$gz doifd qfmarlgmq fmbqfeoiufzbq- Fdr`gui` rò){zg{fifmbf ge rò boob) lqyodd oqrfjdlqòb fmbezovuomrd| bohgmqrzfrob$ hgbozm roa`mgdgiagmroqr ge agh{orlmi mfzzfrloq$ moyq


14/45

oqrfjdlqòb hoblf morygzn afm zofar- Izofroz rzfmq{fzoma| òli`romq ròzlqn ge ruzmlmi lmagmqovuomrlfd hldlrfz| lmalbomrq lmrg qrzfroila oomrq- Rg ylmrò jfrrdo ge rò mfzzfrloq$ _N Boeomao huqr jo fjdo rg ylodb lmeduomao fr fdddoodq$ fazgqq hudrl{do hoblf$ ylr`lm cglmr$ hudrlmfrlgmfd fmb lmrozfioma|

omlzgmhomrq fr hua` `liòz roh{g r`fm mgy- R`lq lmaduboq fm fjldlr| rgzojur fbozqfz| {zg{fifmbf jur$ azualfdd|$ fziuoq egz rò _N fbg{rlmi faggzblmfrob jur doqq aomrzfdlqob fmb hgzo {zgfarlo f{{zgfa`-

69- @|jzlb Fbozqfzloq fmb R`zofrq- Lm euruzo agmedlar qhfzr fbozqfzloq yldd{zoqomr uq ylr` `|jzlb r`zofrq (aghjlmlmi agmomrlgmfd$ lzzoiudfz fmb `liòmb fq|hhorzla r`zofrq, lm rò qfho rlho fmb q{fao- 6: Agmedlar agudb lmgdof zfmio ge rzfmqmfrlgmfd$ qrfro$ izgu{ fmb lmbllbufd {fzrlal{fmrq y`g ylddagmaomrzfro fmb g{ozfro jgr` idgjfdd| fmb dgafdd|- Lm qgho agmedlarq$ yo fzodlnod| rg qoo agmauzzomr lmrozaghhumfd lgdomao$ rozzgzlqh$ lmquzioma|$

{ozfqlo azlhlmfdlr| fmb ylboq{zofb blqgzboz- Rfarlaq$ roa`mlvuoq fmbroa`mgdgiloq yldd agmrlmuo rg agmozio fq fbozqfzloq zf{lbd| fbf{r rg qoonfbfmrfio fmb lmeduomao$ lmadublmi r`zgui` oagmghla$ elmfmalfd$ doifd fmbbl{dghfrla hofmq- Ròqo egzhq ge agmedlar fzo rzfmqaomblmi guz agmomrlgmfdumbozqrfmblmi ge y`fr ovufroq rg lzzoiudfz fmb zoiudfz hldlrfz| farllr|> ròagmedlar {fzfblih `fq q`lerob fmb yo huqr fbf{r guz f{{zgfaòq le yo fzo rgquaaoob- Lm rò :;;5 Dojfmgm Yfz$ @osjgddf` agmbuarob lrq g{ozfrlgmq lm fyf| r`fr qrummob rò Lqzfodl qrfro- Rò q`gan ge eflduzo yfq eodr lm rò LqzfodlBoeomao Egzaoq (LBE, ezgh rò rfarlafd rg rò qrzfroila$ fmb lr `fq `fb f

{zgegumb lh{far gm _Q cglmr r`lmnlmi- Rò favulqlrlgm j| qua` `|jzlbfbozqfzloq ge `li`d| af{fjdo ovul{homr$ oom lm dlhlrob muhjozq lf fmumbozzoiudfrob fzhq rzfbo$ yldd afuqo f blq{zg{gzrlgmfro dood ge blqzu{rlgmfmb feeoar guz ezoobgh ge farlgm lm fdd omlzgmhomrq- Rzud| fbf{rlofbozqfzloq yldd fdqg qoon rg {df| guz gym hoblf fmb {gdlrlafd q|qrohq rg ròlzfbfmrfio fmb rò| yldd fbcuqr ròlz rfarlaq faagzblmid|- Lm q`gzr$ hldlrfz|quaaoqq yldd jo op{gzrob zf{lbd|- Qgho fziuo r`fr r`lq lq mgr f moy{òmghomgm- @gyooz$ lr lq adofz r`fr f zfmio ge zoq{gmqoq yldd jo zovulzob-Rò Yoqr lq mgy zofarlmi rg guz fbozqfzloq frrfanq$ zfròz r`fm qorrlmi ròfiombf> le yo fzo rg zoiflm rò lmlrlfrlo$ fmb ylm$ yo yldd `fo rg g{ozfro lm fbleeozomr fq|hhorzlagz`|jzlb hfmmoz r`fr afm ilo uq fm obiofiflmqr guzomohloq- Rg bg r`lq yo hf| `fo rg fbg{r zoq{gmqoq r`fr hf| yodd joauzzomrd| umefhldlfz rg uq$ fmb qgho yo bg mgr umbozqrfmb {fzrlaudfzd| yodd$egz opfh{do3 {zoomrlgm$ qrfjldlqfrlgm fmb a|jozg{ozfrlgmq-


15/45

Agmauzzomr Lmroz(Aghhumfd Ulgdomao$ Rozzgzlqh$ Lmquzioma|$ [ozfqloAzlhlmfdlr|

60- Lmazofqlmi Lmrozbo{ombomao- F {gromrlfd qrzfroila obio lq fm lmroizfrob_N zoq{gmqo rg r`lq agh{dop omlzgmhomr- F hgzo agh{zoòmqlo gz qu{ozcglmr f{{zgfa`$ le lr afm jo hfbo rg ygzn$ ygudb fddgy rò eudd zfmio ge qrfrolmqrzuhomrq rg jo jzgui`r rg jofz- Roa`mlafd qgdurlgmq rg omfjdo aggzblmfrlgm

joryoom odohomrq ge f agh{zoòmqlo f{{zgfa` yldd jo oqqomrlfd jurlmqueelalomr gm ròlz gym- Quaaoqq lm r`lq fzof ge qu{ozcglmrmoqq yldd zovulzoomdli`romob {og{do y`g afm fbgafro fmb omfar rò zovulzob a`fmioq- Rò|yldd `fo rg jo zoqguzaob fmb oh{gyozob rg elmb qgdurlgmq fmb rò| yldd `forg jo ilom qrzgmi lmaomrloq rg quaaoob- R`lq hf| zovulzo hgzo zfblafda`fmio fazgqq rò mfrlgmfd lmqrzuhomrq ge {gyoz$ mgr rg hozio ròh$ jur rgfh{dle| ròlz aghjlmob qrzfroila oeeoar- Ylr`lm rò hldlrfz| q{òzo$ g{ozfrlgmqylr`lm fm| gmo omlzgmhomr yldd joagho lmazofqlmid| bo{ombomr gm azgqqagh{gmomr af{fjldlrloq- Rg fa`loo rò zovulzob oeeoar lm f agh{dop

omlzgmhomr$ euzròz g{ozfrlgmfd fmb rfarlafd boaomrzfdlqfrlgm$ qua` fqflz'dfmb'hfzlrlho lmroizfrlgm fr efz dgyoz doodq$ yldd jo zovulzob- Fagh{zoòmqlo f{{zgfa`$ y`la` lq f {gromrlfd$ fdr`gui` dfromr$ obio yldd jo fudmozfjldlr|$ umdoqq ròzo lq f q|qrohla a`fmio r`fr fddgyq uq rg g{ozfro fqgmo rofh-


16/45

Agmedlar lm :;62

6 rò| yldd agg{ozfroyòzo rò| qoo hurufd jomoelr$ fdr`gui` mg gmo odohomr yldd `fo fjqgduroagmrzgd goz rò gròzq- Rò r`zofrq rò| {zoqomr uq agudb aozrflmd| lmadubofm lmrozqrfro yfz jur qua` f yfz hf| mgr gaauz lm lqgdfrlgm$ zfròz lr yldd egzhrò ezfhoygzn fzgumb y`la` f ylbo zfmio ge r`zofrq$ qua` fq boqrfjldlqfrlgm$lmquzioma|$ a|jozfrrfanq fmb azlho$ yldd agfdoqao- @gyooz$ ròqo dfrrozr`zofrq agudb fdqg gaauz lm lqgdfrlgm-

:;- [zgjfjldlr| ge Agmedlar lm :;62- Boq{lro rò zoaomr zobuarlgm lm gozfddidgjfd agmedlar$ ròzo lq f `li` {zgjfjldlr| ge rò _N jolmi omifiob lm agmedlarlm :;62-61 Le rò _N lq qrldd qujqrfmrlfdd| omifiob lm Fei`fmlqrfm lm :;62$ r`lqyldd mgr gmd| boelmo rò a`fzfaroz ge agmedlar egz rò Fzhob Egzaoq jur fdqg dlhlrguz fjldlr| rg omifio odqoyòzo- Dggnlmi hgzo jzgfbd|$ f a`fmio lm ròqrzfroila jfdfmao gur rg :;62 lq umdlnod|3 A`lmf yldd jo rò zlqlmi {gyoz$ jurrò _Q yldd qrldd jo òiohgmla- Rò blzoar hldlrfz| r`zofr rg rò _N fmb lrqqgozolimr| j| f `gqrldo egzolim qrfro gur rg :;62 zohflmq dgy$ fdr`gui`

Bobuarlgmq ezgh Agmedlar lm :;62

Mgrylr`qrfmblmi auzzomr g{ozfrlgmq$ rò muhjoz ge agmedlarq feeoarlmi _Nlmrozoqrq lq dlnod| rg lmazofqo- Agmedlar yldd jduz fmb egz fdd omlzgmhomrqrò jfrrdoq{fao yldd$ agmrzfz| rg ZHF fqquh{rlgmq$ jo hgzo fmb mgr doqqagmioqrob$ adurrozob$ agmroqrob$ agmmoarob fmb agmqrzflmob-

Rò _N huqr boodg{ af{fjldlrloq fqqgalfrob ylr` Q{fao$ Agh{urozMorygzn G{ozfrlgmq (AMG,$ Blzoarob Omozi| Yof{gmq (BOY,$ AJZMboeomao$ mgmdor`fd yof{gmq$ fmb gròz mgod yof{gmq-


17/45

Gozqofq Rozzlrgzloq fzo fr f `liòz zlqn- Fm| qrfro r`zofr rg rò _N yldd jobofdr ylr` agddoarlod| umboz MFRG Fzrlado U- Qrfrogmqrfro agmedlarq r`fr bgmgr blzoard| lmgdo rò _N hf| `fo qlimlelafmr qoagmb gzboz lh{farq gm _Nlmrozoqrq- @gyooz$ rò hfcgz r`zofr rg _N qoauzlr| lm rò q`gzrrozh yldd jo

ezgh mgmqrfro fargzq g{ozfrlmi ezgh$ gz ylr`lm$ efldob gz efldlmi qrfroq-

62

Ròqo fdqg romb rg jo rò dgafrlgm ge lmrzfqrfro agmedlar y`la`$ buo rg ylbozlmrozmfrlgmfd lmrozoqrq$ hf| bzfy qrfroq lmrg blzoar agmezgmrfrlgm- Egzopfh{do$ rò dlhlrob lmrozomrlgm lm Fei`fmlqrfm `fq joagho fm ombuzlmiqrfjldlqfrlgm hlqqlgm ylr` zoilgmfd fmb idgjfd lh{dlafrlgmq- Quaaoqq$ `gyoozboelmob$ lm Fei`fmlqrfm lq oqqomrlfd> oom f {ozao{rlgm r`fr rò _N `fq dgqrygudb feeoar guz azobljldlr| lm euruzo g{ozfrlgmq$ fmb azobljldlr| lq lrfd egz ròqrzfroila zo{urfrlgm r`fr umboz{lmq borozzomao-

:6- Fbozqfzloq- Lm :;62 guz fbozqfzloq qrfro fmb mgmqrfro yldd nmgy

r`fr rg agmezgmr rò _Q fmb lrq fddloq lm f agmomrlgmfd$ egzaogmegzao eli`r ylddjo rg dgqo> fq [zgeoqqgz Agdlm Izf| `fq qflb$

Le fm omoh| a`ggqoq$ gz `fq mg {zfarlafd fdrozmfrlo gròz r`fmrg yfio yfzefzo lm f zoiudfz agmomrlgmfd yf|$ _Q flz {gyoz ylddboeofr lr dgmi joegzo _Q izgumb {gyoz aghoq lmrg agmrfar-6?

R`lq {zgaoqq ge omoh| fbf{rfrlgm lq fdzofb| yodd umbozyf|$ fmb qg lq rò _Qzoq{gmqo- Fbozqfzloq yldd fglb omifiohomrq r`fr {df| rg Yoqrozmqrzomir`q> egz lmqrfmao$ rò| yldd qoon rg bom| uq faaoqq rg ròfrzo$ uqlmi fdd

rò {gdlrlafd fmb hldlrfz| doozq r`fr rò| afm bo{dg|- Rò| yldd fdqg qoon rgblq{ozqo lmrg fm lmazofqlmid| agh{dop jfrrdoq{fao$ lmadublmi fhgmiqr rò{og{do fmb jodgy izgumb$ yòzo yo yldd qrzuiido rg bghlmfro- Rò ùhfmrozzflm$ fmb lrq fqqgalfrob dlmiulqrla$ lbogdgilafd$ rzljfd$ qoarfzlfm fmb or`mlaeofruzoq$ yldd zohflm li`d| agh{dop- Ròqo bleeozomaoq yldd zovulzo uq rgr`lmn lm f moy yf| fjgur _N af{fjldlrloq> r`lmiq r`fr `fo joom zoifzbob fqqu{{gzrlmi gz omfjdlmi eumarlgmq qua` fq boo{ audruzfd umbozqrfmblmi (y`la`lmaduboq eduoma| lm dfmiufioq,$ @uhfm Lmroddliomao gz AlldHldlrfz|Agg{ozfrlgm yldd$ lm r`lq omlzgmhomr$ jo jfrrdoboelmlmi- Lr yldd jo lmazofqlmid|

bleelaudr rg blqrlmiulq` izgu{q ge fbozqfzloq ezgh gmo fmgròz$ olròz j| ròlzf{{ofzfmao gz r`zgui` rò ovul{homr fmb rfarlaq r`fr rò| uqo- Fbozqfzloqhf| fdqg dggn rg hfno agmedlar op{oblrlgmfz| fmb guz f{{zgfa` rg `ghodfmbqoauzlr| yldd moob rg boodg{ faagzblmid|-


18/45

Fbf{rfrlgm3 Olbomao ge QrfroJfqob Fq|hhorz|

Jgr` Lzfm fmb A`lmf geeoz opaoddomr jur bleeozlmi opfh{doq ge f qrfroqzoq{gmqo rg rò rzfblrlgmfd hldlrfz| r`zofr {gqob rg ròh j| rò Yoqr-

Lzfm$ `flmi yofròzob rò jdggb| qrfdohfro ge lrq yfz ylr` Lzfv$ `fqzoegauqob lrq hldlrfz| oeegzrq lm f jlb rg fglb rò qrzomir`q ge lrq Yoqrozmg{{gmomrq- Y`ldo qrldd fq{lzlmi rg jo rò bghlmfmr zoilgmfd {gyoz$ fmb rg r`fromb zorflmlmi hfcgz aghjfr egzaoq fmb f muadofz fmb hlqqldo boodg{homr{zgizfhho$ rò| `fo fglbob fzofq yòzo rò| fzo dlnod| rg jogozhfraòb j| rò Yoqr- Fzofq qua` fq flz qu{ozlgzlr| fmb agmomrlgmfdmffd agh{orlrlgm `fo joom fjfmbgmob fmb fdrozmfrlo q|qrohq `fo joomboodg{ob$ qua` fq rò aghjlmob uqo ge qujhfzlmoq$ hlmoq$ q`gzo jfrrozloq$hlqqldoq fmb f ylbo fzlor| ge òfld| fzhob qhfdd azfer$ fdd ge y`la` `fo

joom lmroizfrob qg fq rg mourzfdlqo rò hgzo af{fjdo yfzq`l{q ge rò Yoqrozmmfloq ylr`lm rò [ozqlfm Iude fmb {ur jgr` Ròfrzo faaoqq fmb jfqoq fr zlqn-@gyooz$ rg eudd| op{dglr rò frrzljuroq ge `|jzlb fmb fq|hhorzla yfzefzo rò|`fo rzflmob$ ovul{{ob fmb elmfmaob$ fhgmiqr gròzq$ rò @osjgddf`gzifmlqfrlgm y`la` `fq {zgob oprzohod| bleelaudr rg agumroz fmb `fqagmqrfmrd| {zglbob Lzfm ylr` lbogdgilafd dofbozq`l{ ge rò zoilgm fr dlrrdo agqrgz zlqn- Lzfm `fq adgqod| opfhlmob rò fjldlrloq ge rò Yoqr fmb `fq roqrob lrq`li` fmb dgyomb fq|hhorzla rfarlaq- Lr yldd agmrlmuo rg lmagz{gzfro lmmgfrloagmomrlgmfd fmb mgod af{fjldlrloq$ fq yodd fq urldlqlmi rò lmazofqlmid|

oeeoarlo yof{gm q|qrohq {uza`fqob ezgh Zuqqlf fmb A`lmf-A`lmf `fq egddgyob f bleeozomr aguzqo fmb `fq hgob fyf| ezgh rò agmao{rge hfqqob fzhloq egzhozd| uqob rg agumroz rò Qglor agmomrlgmfd r`zofr fmbYoqrozm hldlrfz| qu{ozlgzlr|- Lm gzboz rg hoor agmroh{gzfz| r`zofrq lr fqboodg{ob f hfcgz a|jozyfzefzo af{fjldlr| fmb fm fmrlqfroddlro {zgizfhho$ròqo aghjlmob ylr` lrq muadofz {zgizfhho fzo qoom fq hfcgz odohomrq lm lrqbzlo rg joagho f ygzdb {gyoz- Rò A`lmoqo hldlrfz| `fo adgqod| qrublobrò Yoqrozm yf| ge yfz fmb `fo azlrlafdd| opfhlmob Yoqrozm afh{flimq lmNgqgg$ fmb jgr` Lzfv agmedlarq fmb `fo boodg{ob qrzfroiloq r`fr flh rg

agumrozfar _Q fmb fddlob qrzomir`q- Ròqo roa`mlvuoq fzo dlnod| rg lmaduboblqzu{rlmi gz boqrzg|lmi _Q A: mgboq fmb mourzfdlqlmi _Q qof fmb dfmbg{ozfrlmi jfqoq> rò A`lmoqo afdd r`lq f{{zgfa` rò fqqfqqlmq hfao$ fmb lruqoq fdd rò lmqrzuhomrq fr rò blq{gqfd ge rò qrfro lm gzboz rg zflqo rò agqrqge fm| _Q farlgm rg {zg`ljlrlod| `li` doodq-


19/45

Fbblrlgmfdd|$ lm {uzqulr ge lrq zoilgmfd fq{lzfrlgmq$ A`lmf `fq hoa`fmlqob fmbblilrlqob lrq dfmb egzaoq y`ldo frroh{rlmi rg azofro f jduo yfroz mf| fmb froa`mlafdd| agh{orlrlo flz egzao$ rùq azofrlmi rò fjldlr| rg {zgcoaragmomrlgmfd {gyoz$ fiflmqr gròz qrfroq$ ylr`lm rò zoilgm- Fdr`gui` jgr`

qrfroq `fo fbg{rob bleeozomr zoq{gmqoq lm borfld$ yo qoo lm ofa`$ opfh{doqge `li` fmb dgyomb fq|hhorz| jolmi elodbob rg alzauhomr Yoqrozm hldlrfz|qrzomir`q fmb r`zofrom guz udmozfjldlrloq-

::- Oprzohlqr MgmQrfro Fargzq- Oprzohlqr mgmqrfro fargzq yldd zfmio ezghqrfro {zgploq r`zgui` rg qlmidolqquo lmrozoqr izgu{q gz rzfmqmfrlgmfd azlhlmfdifmiq- Rò hozilmi ge qrfro {zgploq$ oprzohlqr lbogdgiloq fmb azlhlmfdlmrozoqrq lmrg f rgpla aganrfld$ fdgmi ylr` rò oeeoarq ge idgjfdlqfrlgm$ qua` fqhgzo {gzguq jgzbozq$ yldd hfno qgho mgmqrfro fargzq `fzboz rg agumrozfar-

Rò| agudb oh{dg| f ylbo q{oarzuh ge hldlrfz| af{fjldlrloq$ fdjolr qgho fr fdlhlrob qafdo$ jur rò| yldd moozròdoqq jo af{fjdo ge lmmgfrlo rfarlaq r`frop{dglr lmòzomr _N udmozfjldlrloq- Egz opfh{do$ rò :;;0 Huhjfl frrfanqlmgdob hgzo r`fm 6; aggzblmfrob q`ggrlmi fmb jghjlmi lmalbomrq> fr dofqr691 {og{do yozo nlddob fmb qgho 1;; hgzo ygumbob$ gozyòdhlmi rò alldfur`gzlrloq- Qgalfd morygznq yldd joagho fm lh{gzrfmr eofruzo ge euruzoagmedlar$ fmb agmedlar lm gmo fzof hf| hgzo ofqld| limlro agmedlar lm fmgròz$ lmoeeoar azofrlmi f Idgjfd Cglmr G{ozfrlgmfd Fzof- Oprzohlqr mgmqrfro fargzqfzo dlnod| rg zohflm f qlimlelafmr r`zofr rg rò _N- Rùq rò zgdo ge rò hldlrfz|

lm `ghodfmb qoauzlr| fmb agmqovuomao hfmfiohomr q`gudb jo zoloyob-

Fbf{rfrlgm Olbomao ge MgmQrfroJfqob Fq|hhorz|

Lmfzlfjd| gozhfraòb lm {uzod| hldlrfz| rozhq$ mgmqrfro fargzq `foblq{df|ob f zohfznfjdo fjldlr| rg mourzfdlqo rò rzfblrlgmfd {gyozq ge rò qrfrofmb rg op{dglr ròlz yofnmoqqoq- R`lq afm jo qoom lm muhozguq opfh{doq$ezgh rò Lzlq` Zo{ujdlafm Fzh| (LZF,$ r`zgui` rò Qrozm Ifmi fmb [zglqlgmfdLZF$ rg rò Rfdljfm-

Fq fm opfh{do$ @osjgddf` lq fm lmrozoqrlmi afqo- Lr lq f qg{`lqrlafrob$fbf{rlo fmb quaaoqqeud hgbozm mgmqrfro fargz r`fr `fq bohgmqrzfrob ròfjldlr| rg lmmgfro gm f dfzio qafdo- J| :;;5 @osjgddf` fb boodg{ob hfcgz{gdlrlafd lmeduomao ylr`lm rò igozmhomr ge Dojfmgm- Lr `fb f ylbo zofa`lmiqgalfd fbhlmlqrzfrlgm r`zgui`gur Qguròzm Dojfmgm fmb f `li`d| oeeoarlohoblf g{ozfrlgm jfqob u{gm lrq gym RU fmb zfblg qrfrlgmq- Rg qu{{gzr ròqo$fmb urldlqlmi f {gyozeud doqqgmq dofzmob {zgaoqq$ @osjgddf` `fb boodg{ob f


20/45

qg{`lqrlafrob qrzfroi|$ gmo y`la` rò Lqzfodlq blb mgr boroar- @osjgddf` `gmoblrq hldlrfz| af{fjldlr| uqlmi bgarzlmo bzfym ezgh rò Lzfm'Lzfv agmedlar aghjlmobylr` rzflmlmi fmb hfrozlod ezgh Lzfm- Ròqo boodg{homrq yozo op{dlalrd|boqlimob rg op{dglr rò {ozaolob yofnmoqqoq ge rò LBE fmb rg omquzo r`fr@osjgddf` ygudb quzlo fm| Lqzfodl fqqfudr egz dgmi omgui` rg fddgylmrozmfrlgmfd {zoqquzo rg zoqrzlar rò LBEq farlgmq- Lm rò :;;5 Dojfmgm Yfz$@osjgddf` oh{dg|ob fm lmroizfrob qrzfroi|- Rò| òdb izgumb$ agmbuarobdlhlrob hfmgouzo$ fmb rò| zoqrzlarob LBE hfzlrlho faaoqq- Rò| urldlqobaurrlmiobio fmrlfzhguz hlqqldoq (boqrzg|lmi gz bfhfilmi f{{zgplhfrod| ?;Hflm Jfrrdo Rfmnq lm rò {zgaoqq,$ fzhob _mhfmmob Fozlfd Uo`ladoq (_FUq,$Qlimfdq Lmroddliomao roa`mgdgi|$ fmrlq`l{azulqo hlqqldoq$ uzjfm qrzgmi{glmrqfmb boo{ rummod agh{dopoq lm bleelaudr rozzflm y`la` rò LBE agudb mgr j|{fqq-Rò| ofbob rò Lqzfodl Flz Egzao fmb op{dglrob fm Lqzfodl lmfjldlr| rg agmbuaraghjlmob fzhq flz'dfmb hfmgouzo- @osjgddf` agmbuarob ròlz gym boo{

qrzlno g{ozfrlgm$ uqlmi quzefaorgquzefao hlqqldoq fmb f agh{zoòmqloLmegzhfrlgm G{ozfrlgmq afh{flim rg qrzfroila oeeoar- @osjgddf` q`fzoq lrqhldlrfz| qrzfroi| fazgqq f ylbo fzlor| ge guz {gromrlfd fbozqfzloq lm mofz zofdrlho-

Lm f {fzfddod opfh{do$ fdVfobf `fq lmedlarob zodfrlod| dlrrdo {`|qlafd bfhfiou{gm rò hldlrfz| af{fjldlrloq ge rò Yoqr- Lrq quaaoqq dloq hflmd| lm lrq op{ozrop{dglrfrlgm ge rò lbogdgilafd fmb lmegzhfrlgm fzomfq$ yòzo Yoqrozmigozmhomrq fzo ldd{zo{fzob$ aghjlmob ylr` lrq fjldlr| rg quzlo boq{lro ròhgqr borozhlmob oeegzrq ge r`gqo igozmhomrq rg boqrzg| lr- Egz hfm| mgmqrfro fargzq$ lmadublmi @osjgddf` fmb fdVfobf$ quzlfd zo{zoqomrq quaaoqq-Quaaoqq egz ròlz g{{gmomrq lq efz hgzo bleelaudr rg boelmo> `gyooz$ Q{oalfdEgzaoq farlmi lm agmaozr ylr` gròz igozmhomr fiomaloq `fo joom fjdo rgblqzu{r ròlz morygznq$ fq lm rò afqo ge Lzfv-

:1- Rò Lh{far ge Moy Roa`mgdgiloq- J| :;62 r`zofrq r`fr fzo moy rg hgqrge uq (jur y`la` fzo$ lm qgho afqoq$ fdzofb| oz| zofd, yldd jo lh{farlmi ròa`fzfaroz ge agmedlar- Q{fao lq f azlrlafd omfjdoz lm hgbozm qgalor|$ fmb lr lq f

bghflm lm y`la` roa`mgdgi| lq {zgdleozfrlmi fmb rò omlzgmhomr lq joaghlmiagmroqrob- AMG fiflmqr _N Boeomao fzo fdzofb| f bfld| zofdlr| fmb yldd `foizgym hfznobd| j| :;62- AMG fzo f dooddoz$ ylr` Yoqrozm egzaoq jolmi$ egzlmqrfmao$ oz| bo{ombomr gm alldlfm lmegzhfrlgm qrzuaruzoq$ y`la`$ fdgmi ylr`guz zodlfmao gm aghhozalfd dgilqrla lmezfqrzuaruzo hf| {zglbo g{{gzrumlrloqegz doqq roa`mlafdd|fbfmaob$ jur a|jozqf| fbozqfzloq rg `lr uq yòzo lrùzrq fr zodfrlod| dlrrdo agqr rg ròh-65 AMG hf| jo uqob lm agmcumarlgm ylr`


21/45

rzfblrlgmfd nlmorla fmb BOY rg fa`loo qrzfroila rg rfarlafd oeeoar- Guz hldlrfz|fmb alldlfm f{{dlafrlgmq yldd joagho lmazofqlmid| jduzzob fmb ròqo q|qrohqhf| jo quqao{rljdo rg BOY- _mhfmmob q|qrohq yldd joagho lmazofqlmid|af{fjdo fmb furgmghguq jur lm hgqr afqoq rò| yldd mgr `fo zo{dfaob rò

ùhfm- Ròzo yldd fdqg jo fm lmazofqo lm rò uqo ge mgmdor`fd yof{gmq${fzrlaudfzd| lm qlrufrlgmq r`fr hf| {zoadubo gròz egzhq ge egzao-

_mhfmmob Q|qrohq Lmazofqlmid| Af{fjdo

:2- Rò Jfrrdoq{fao lm :;62- Ròzo fzo dlnod| rg jo aozrflm boelmlmia`fzfarozlqrlaq ge rò cglmr jfrrdoq{fao lm :;62- Rò ZHF fqquhob lr ygudb

jo doqq bomqo3 rò g{{gqlro `fq joom q`gym rg jo rò afqo- Lm euruzo agmedlaryo hf| jo egzaob$ r`zgui` qrzfroila lh{ozfrlo gz g{ozfrlgmfd moaoqqlr|$ rgomifio guz fbozqfzloq lm fzofq r`fr zobuao rò oeeoarlomoqq ge guzaf{fjldlrloq fmb agmeoz fm fbfmrfio rg lmbliomguq aghjfrfmrq- Ofa` ge ròomlzgmhomrq hfzlrlho$ dfmb$ flz$ q{fao$ lmegzhfrlgm (lmadublmi a|jozq{fao,fmb odoarzghfimorla yldd jo feeoarob bleeozomrd|$ fmb yldd jo lmrozdlmnob fmb


22/45

{gzguq$ ylr` farllrloq lm gmo `flmi oeeoar lm gròzq- Rò auzzomr agmqrzuar$ geqof$ dfmb fmb flz efldq rg af{ruzo rò ohozilmi omlzgmhomrq$ qua` fq ròboo{ gaofm$ q{fao$ umbozizgumb fmb a|jozq{fao$ fmb lr efldq rg op{gqo ròomlzgmhomrfd qofhq fdgmi y`la` guz fbozqfzloq yldd frrfan- Rò egddgylmi

eofruzoq a`fzfarozlqo rò euruzo jfrrdoq{fao3f- Agmioqrob- @lqrgzlafdd|$ lm f agmomrlgmfd agmropr$ rò _N FzhobEgzaoq `fo uqufdd| qgui`r rg fglb agmioqrob jfrrdoq{fao yòm yoyozo rz|lmi rg fa`loo ezoobgh rg hfmgouzo- Y`ldo yo yldd agmrlmuo rgqoon rg blarfro rò rozhq ge jfrrdo rg guz fbozqfzloq$ guz a`glao lm r`lqzoifzb yldd mgr jofjqgduro- Yo ylddmoob rg jzlmihldlrfz| oeeoar rg

jofz yòzo lr ylddfa`loo guzqrzfroila igfdq$ mgrcuqr yòzo lr qulrquq- Lm rò euruzo$yo yldd jo umfjdorg fglb jolmibzfym lmrgg{ozfrlgmq lm rò

uzjfm fmb dlrrgzfdzoilgmq yòzo ròhfcgzlr| ge ròYgzdbq {g{udfrlgm dlo fmb yòzo {gdlrlafd fmb oagmghla farllr| lqagmaomrzfrob-69 Rò izgumb yldd gerom jo bomqod| {g{udfrob$ {gqqljd|ylr` blqqfrlqelob fmb blqfbfmrfiob {og{do$ hfm| ge y`gh yldd jofzhob- Rò hfzlrlho omlzgmhomr yldd agmrflm dfzio muhjozq ge oqqodq$juq| q`l{{lmidfmoq$ a`gno{glmrq$ {gzrq$ afmfdq fmb yfrozyf|q- Ròflzq{fao yldd jo qlhldfzd| agmioqrob ylr` rò bleeuqlgm ge roa`mgdgi|dofblmi rg f {zgdleozfrlgm ge ezlombd|$ `gqrldo fmb mgmfdlimob flzq{faouqozq$ lmadublmi umhfmmob flzazfer- Rò {zgdleozfrlgm ge q{faojfqobfqqorq$ opoh{dlelob j| rò lmbo{ombomr dfuma` af{fjldlrloq ge agumrzloqqua` fq Lzfm$ fmb rò izofroz aghhozalfd uqo ge qfroddlroq yldd qozo rghfno gzjlrfd q{fao lmazofqlmid| agmioqrob- Rò odoarzghfimorla fmb ròlmegzhfrlgm (lmadublmi a|jozq{fao, omlzgmhomrq yldd fdqg joagho

G{ozfrlgmq lm rò _zjfm Omlzgmhomr


23/45

agmioqrob- Fdd {`|qlafd$ agimlrlo fmb lzrufd bghflmq yldd joagholmazofqlmid| lmrozagmmoarob-

j- Adurrozob- Adurroz (y`la` dofbq rg fm lmfjldlr| rg blqrlmiulq`lmbllbufdq$ lrohq gz oomrq,$ {fzrlaudfzd| lm agmioqrob omlzgmhomrq$ yldd{zglbo rò g{{gzrumlr| egz agmaofdhomr fmb yldd agmegumb hgqr Yoqrozmqomqgzq- Guzfbozqfzloq (fmbfr rlhoqguzqodoq, ylddqoon rg jdomblmrg ròjfanizgumb$ jurdgafdq$ ylr` ròlz

lmmfronmgydobio geròlzomlzgmhomr yldd`gdb fmfbfmrfio-Lmazofqlmizovulzohomrq egzdoilrlhfa| yldd

hfno lr hgzo bleelaudr rg favulzo$ umbozqrfmb$ rzfan fmb omifio {gqqljd|fhjliuguq rfziorq- Fq fdzofb| qoom lm Fei`fmlqrfm fmb rò zoaomr Ifsfagmedlar$ agddfrozfd bfhfio yldd afzz| fm lmazofqob zlqn- Gm dfmb$ ròomoh| yldd boodg{ fmb op{dglr umbozizgumb efaldlrloq$ mourzfd q{faoqqua` fq `gq{lrfdq$ qa`ggdq fmb {dfaoq ge ygzq`l{$ fmb bomqo uzjfm${g{udfrob rozzflm zfmilmi ezgh qhfdd lddfioq r`zgui` rg dfzio alrloq- Lmadurrozob omlzgmhomrq$ qrofdr` roa`mgdgiloq yldd zohflm fm fbfmrfio$jur mgr moaoqqfzld| f boalqlo gmo- Lm a|jozq{fao$ rò fjldlr| rg zohflmagmaofdob y`ldo frrfanlmi fr zfmio ylr` {dfuqljdo bomlfjldlr| yldd {zglborò g{{gzrumlr| egz oom qhfdd `gqrldo izgu{q rg fa`loo qrzfroila oeeoarfiflmqr rò hgqr {gyozeud fbozqfzloq-

a- Agmroqrob- Fbozqfzloq yldd agmroqr fdd omlzgmhomrq yòzo rò|qoon rg bom| guz ezoobgh ge hfmgouzo- Roa`mgdgilafd bleeuqlgm fmb ròlmmgfrlo uqo ge oplqrlmi roa`mgdgiloq yldd umboz{lm rò a`fddomio- Gmdfmb$ hgjldlr| hf| jo bomlob j| rò uqo ge hlmoq fmb hfqqob

Adurroz lm Agmioqrob Omlzgmhomrq


24/45

Lh{zglqob Op{dgqlo Bolaoq (LOBq,- Bleelaudr rozzflm yldd joagho ròagmroqrob jfrrdoq{fao$ ylr` fbozqfzloq qoonlmi rg `gdb gz op{dglr izgumbegz {gdlrlafd$ qgalfd fmb hldlrfz| {uz{gqoq- Lm rò hfzlrlho omlzgmhomrrò moob rg g{ozfro lm rò dlrrgzfd yòzo ròzo yldd jo f {zgdleozfrlgm ge

hlmoq$ fmrlq`l{ hlqqldoq|qrohq$ efqrfrrfanazfer fmb qujhfzlmo

ohjfznfrlgm gz blqohjfznfrlgm {gzrq$ gz lmblzoard| j| lmeduomalmi {gdlrlafdyldd fmb {ujdla g{lmlgm- Rò omoh| yldd qoon rg q{zofb ròlz lmeduomao

hgzo ylbod| fmb fdqg rg r`zofrom rò _N `gho jfqo- Lm rò a|jozomlzgmhomr$ gm y`la` yo fzo lmazofqlmid| zodlfmr$ farllr| yldd jo jgr`qrfmbfdgmo fmb fdqg aggzblmfrob ylr` hldlrfz| frrfan$ fq fddoiob lm ròZuqqlfmIogzilfm agmedlar lm :;;0-60

G{ozfrlmi lm rò Dlrrgzfd

af{fjldlr|$ yldd r`zofromfaaoqq ezgh rò qof- Lmrò flz$ rò fjldlr| rgg{ozfro$ oq{oalfdd| lmrò dgyoz flzq{fao fmbfzgumb flz jfqoq$ ylddjo agmroqrob- Qlhldfzd|$fmrlfaaoqq fmb fzofbomlfd af{fjldlrloq$lmadublmi rò fjldlr| rgblqzu{r qfroddlroq gmy`la` MOA zodloq$ yldd`fo hfruzob- Guzfbozqfzloq yldd qoon rgdlhlr guz faaoqq rgròfrzoq ge g{ozfrlgm>

rò| hf| bg r`lqblzoard|$ egz opfh{dor`zgui` rò uqo gejfzzfioq ge hlqqldofrrfanq$ qyfzh frrfanqj| _FUq$ gz j| hlmlmirò f{{zgfaòq rg guz


25/45

b- Agmmoarob- Farllr|$ lmadublmi guz gym fmb r`fr ge rò omoh|$ ylddagmrlmuo rg izflrfro rgyfzbq rò lmrozagmmoarob mgboq-6< Rò mgboqfzo aomrzoq ge farllr| r`fr yldd jo r`zofromob ylr` frrfan fmb blqzu{rlgm$fmb yldd zovulzo {zgroarlgm fmb geeoz g{{gzrumlrloq egz op{dglrfrlgm- Mgboq

zfmio ezgh azlrlafd hldlrfz| lmezfqrzuaruzo qua` fq flz fmb qof {gzrq$ fmbqfroddlro izgumb qrfrlgmq$ rg qrzfroila dgafrlgmq lmadublmi aomrzoq geigozmfmao lm uzjfm fzofq fmb hfzlrlho a`gno {glmrq$ fmb fdqg yòzorò fbozqfzloq qrzfroila lmrozoqrq fzo aduqrozob$ qua` fq fzofq ge hfcgzmfzagrlaq {zgbuarlgm fmb blqrzljurlgm-:; Ròqo mgboq yldd jo gelh{gzrfmao lm fdd omlzgmhomrq- Morygznq$ qua` fq dgilqrlaq$ yldd agmmoarmgboq j| dlmnq fmb hgboq ge zoqu{{d| zguroq$ qof fmb flz dfmoq geaghhumlafrlgm$ fmb agh{uroz morygznq- Ròqo morygznq yldd jo qujcoarrg blqzu{rlgm$ fmb yldd ròzoegzo zovulzo queelalomr zgjuqrmoqq fmbfbf{rfjldlr| rg fddgy zf{lb zoagmeliuzfrlgm- Faaoqq rg rò Ròfrzo$yòròz {`|qlafd gz lzrufd$ fmb y`la` lq dlnod| rg jo lf f mgbo$ afmmgrjo rfnom egz izfmrob- Lm rò lzrufd omlzgmhomrq$ jgr` ezlombd| fmbfbozqfz| egzaoq yldd uqo rò qfho mgboq$ y`la` yldd jo bleelaudr rglbomrle|$ {zgroar gz frrfan- [zgroarlgm ge guz lzrufd morygznq fiflmqrop{dglrfrlgm fmb frrfan yldd jo (fmb q`gudb fdzofb| jo, mgmblqazorlgmfz|-[`|qlafd faaoqq$ gm y`la` rò agmao{r ge op{oblrlgmfz| g{ozfrlgmq lq{zoblafrob$ yldd jo lmazofqlmid| agmroqrob$ fmb r`lq agmqrzflmr afm gmd| johlrlifrob j| qujqrfmrlfd fmb {zgrzfarob omifiohomr ylr` f ylboz zfmioge {gromrlfd {fzrmozq-

Ezlombd| fmb Fbozqfzlfd Egzaoq _qlmi rò Qfho Mgboq


26/45

o- Agmqrzflmob- Lm rò agh{dop jfrrdoq{fao ge rò euruzo$ Yoqrozmdoifd fmb qgalorfd mgzhq yldd {dfao agmrlmuob agmqrzflmrq gm rò agmbuarge g{ozfrlgmq- Rò lmazofqlmi bleelaudr| ge blqazlhlmfrlgm joryoomaghjfrfmrq fmb mgmaghjfrfmrq lq dlnod| rg zovulzo hgzo opromqlo

rfziorlmi {zo{fzfrlgm$ fmb rò doifd fmb hgzfd zovulzohomr rg rfno fddeofqljdo {zoafurlgmq lm fglblmi$ gz fr dofqr hlmlhlqlmi$ agddfrozfd bfhfioyldd dofb rg rò izofroz uqo ge {zoalqlgm yof{gmq-:6 @gyooz$ rò uqo gequa` yof{gmq yldd qrldd afzz| zlqn- Euzròzhgzo$ agmaozmq fjgur rò{zg{gzrlgmfdlr| ge rò uqo ge mgm{zoalqlgm yof{gmq fzo dlnod| rg dofb rgfrroh{rq rg euzròz hlmlhlqo ròlz uqo-:: Rò uqo ge mgm{zoalqlgmyof{gmq$ gz rò eflduzo ge {zoalqlgm yof{gmq rg fglb fdd agddfrozfdbfhfio$ y`ldo doifdd| {ozhlqqljdo$ hf| iomozfro fbozqo {ozao{rlgmqr`fr umbozhlmo rò doilrlhfa| ge g{ozfrlgmq- Lm {fzrlaudfz$ rò loy r`frrò uqo ge flz {gyoz lq f azuod gozhfra` gz f jdumr lmqrzuhomr lq dlnod|rg jo omaguzfiob j| fbozqfzloq y`g zoagimlqo rò zofa`$ {zoalqlgm fmburldlr| r`fr qua` roa`mgdgi| zo{zoqomrq- Euzròzhgzo$ doifd a`fddomioqhf| jo zflqob fiflmqr rò uqo ge mgod yof{gmq fmb q|qrohq$ qua` fq_mhfmmob Fozlfd Q|qrohq$ BOY$ mgmdor`fd yof{gmq fmb AMG- Or`lafdagmaozmq fzo dlnod| rg zoqudr lm {gdla| agmqrzflmrq gm rò uqo ge qua`roa`mgdgiloq$ fmb hf| dofb rg moy lmrozmfrlgmfd rzofrloq fmb agmqrzflmrq-Rò f{{dlafrlgm ge bghoqrla dfy fmb lmrozmfrlgmfd ùhfm zli`rqgjdlifrlgmq rg fm fzhob agmedlar qlrufrlgm yldd agmrlmuo rg jo bojfrob fmbzoloyob$ fmb hf| zoqudr lm umfmrlal{frob zoqrzlarlgmq- Fm| doifd$ hgzfd

gz or`lafd agmqrzflmrq$ y`la` u{`gdb rò doilrlhfa| fmb doifdlr| geYoqrozm hldlrfz| g{ozfrlgmq$ fzo umdlnod| rg zoqrzlar rò farlgmq ge$ gz jozoal{zgafrob j|$ {gromrlfd fbozqfzloq-


27/45

F{{dlafrlgm ge Bghoqrla Dfy fmb Lmrozmfrlgmfd @uhfm Zli`rq

:?- _N Zoq{gmqoq- Rò zfmio ge guz zoq{gmqoq lm :;62 yldd jo zoqrzlarob j|auzzomr aghhlrhomrq fmb ròlz zoqlbufd lh{far- Yòzo yo fzo aghhlrrob rgqrfjldlqfrlgm fq f mfrlgmfd gjcoarlo$ r`lq yldd bohfmb f hgzo oeeoarlolmroizfrlgm ge fdd lmqrzuhomrq ge {gyoz rg bodloz {gdlrlafd zoqgdurlgm- Buzlmi

r`lq {ozlgb$ _N Fzhob Egzaoq yldd g{ozfro lmrozmfrlgmfdd| lm alzauhqrfmaoq ge{gdlrlafd gz qgalorfd jzofnbgym$ fmb r`lq a`fddomio yldd ezovuomrd| zoqudr lm rò{gromrlfd egz oqafdfrlmi lgdomao- Ezgh :;62 ròzo yldd jo f {zgdleozfrlgm geqhfddoz agmedlarq fmb oomrq r`fr hf| zovulzo f zfmio ge agmauzzomr hldlrfz|zoq{gmqoq$ ezgh {zoomrlgm r`zgui` agmrflmhomr rg lmrozomrlgm- Lm gzboz rg{zglbo @oz Hfcoqr|q Igozmhomr ylr` g{rlgmq$ ròzo yldd jo f zovulzohomregz lmazofqob qlrufrlgmfd umbozqrfmblmi$ fmb cubihomr ezgh guz {og{do$ fqyodd fq lh{zgob azgqqigozmhomr$ hudrlfioma| fmb lmrozmfrlgmfd agg{ozfrlgm- Op{ozlomao q`gyq rò dlnodl`ggb ge moy a`fddomioq lm r`lq

rlhoqafdo> ròqo yldd yfzzfmr uziomr fmb mgmblqazorlgmfz| _N hldlrfz|zoq{gmqoq- Ròqo zoq{gmqoq hf| lmadubo3 agmbuarlmi ùhfmlrfzlfm zodloeg{ozfrlgmq> mgmaghjfrfmr ofaufrlgmq> bofdlmi ylr` lhhlmomr rozzgzlqrfrrfanq gz r`zofrq rg _N omozi| qu{{dloq> gz egauqob agozalo farlgmq (qua`fq zflblmi j| q{oalfd gz q{oalfdlqob egzaoq,- Fr `gho$ Hldlrfz| Fqqlqrfmao rg


28/45

rò Alld Fur`gzlrloq$ qua` fq r`fr jolmi {dfmmob egz rò :;6: Gd|h{laq$ lqhgzo dlnod| rg jo zovulzob r`fm lq auzzomrd| omlqfiob-

:5- [zoomrlgm- Ilom guz zoqrzlarob zfmio ge zoq{gmqo g{rlgmq lm r`lqrlhoezfho$ agmedlar {zoomrlgm$ r`zgui` ofzd| fmb agmrlmuguq omifiohomr ylr`fddloq fmb gròz {fzrmozq$ yldd jo zovulzob rg eldd rò if{ lm guz af{falr| fmb{zglbo uq ylr` rò moaoqqfz| fildlr|- Le umbozrfnom$ qoobagzm lmoqrhomrmgy yldd juldb agmelbomao fmb dgafd af{falr|> yldd lmazofqo umbozqrfmblmi> fmbhf| omfjdo _N Fzhob Egzaoq faaoqq rg fzofq ge g{ozfrlgm lm rò euruzo- Lr

`gyooz$ jo fm lmazofqlmi zovulzohomr rg joagho lmgdob lm {zoomrlgmfarllr|$ gm f efz ylboz iogizf{`la qafdo$ fq rò lmalbomao ge {gromrlfd agmedlar`grq{grq lmazofqoq- Y`ldo qua` farllrloq zohflm lh{gzrfmr$ ròlz dgy lqljldlr|ylr`lm ylboz igozmhomr alzadoq hfno ròh udmozfjdo rg agqr aurrlmi-@gyooz$ fq {fzr ge rò qu{ozcglmr f{{zgfa` fbgafrob ofzdloz lm rò {f{oz$rò oeeoarlomoqq fmb {gdlrlafd urldlr| ge ròqo egzhq ge hldlrfz| hlqqlgmq hf|joagho hgzo f{{fzomr- [zoomrlgm$ lmadublmi borozzomao$ agmrflmhomr gzagozalgm$ yldd jo efz hgzo oeeoarlo le lr lq jfanob u{ j| azobljdo hldlrfz| egzao-

:9- Borozzomao-:2 Borozzomao lq f qujqor ge {zoomrlgm- J| :;62$ rò oomylboz {zgdleozfrlgm ge YHB fmb AMG af{fjldlrloq yldd euzròz lmazofqoumaozrflmr| fmb rò moob rg jorroz umbozqrfmb borozzomao lm lrq ylboqr qomqo$jo lr muadofz$ agmomrlgmfd gz lm a|jozq{fao- Borozzomao huqr jo azobljdo

`fq joom fqqoqqob r`fr 6 q{omr gm agmedlar {zoomrlgm iomozfroq goz 2 lm

qflmiq egz rò lmrozmfrlgmfd aghhumlr|-

:1

Lr lq mgr$ `gyooz$ {gqqljdo rgiufzfmroo rò oeeoarlomoqq ge {zoomrlgm fmb$ oom ylr` `lmbqli`r$ lr lqbleelaudr rg hofquzo rò oeeoarlomoqq ge {zoomr farllrloq- Ròzo yldd$

[zoomrlgm Jfanob _{ j| Azobljdo Hldlrfz| Egzao


29/45

omgui` rg lmeduomao rò {ozao{rlgmq ge {gromrlfd fbozqfzloq zoifzbdoqq geròlz hlmbqor- Borozzomao lq dlnod| rg zohflm oeeoarlo fiflmqr qrfro fargzq fmbhf| fdqg `fo f boizoo ge urldlr| fiflmqr qgho mgmqrfro fargzq fdr`gui` lryldd zohflm lh{gqqljdo rg boroz fdd oprzohlqrq lm fdd alzauhqrfmaoq- Ròzo lq

agmqlbozfjdo zlqn r`fr qlh{d| joafuqo borozzomao bgoq mgr qrg{ fdd ge rgbf|qr`zofrq rozzgzlqrq lm {fzrlaudfz lr hf| jo loyob fq `flmi dlhlroboeeoarlomoqq- Borozzomao lq {zlhfzld| fjgur qrg{{lmi `liòmb r`zofrq fmb$ lmròlz fjqomao$ lr huqr jo fqquhob rg jo oeeoarlo- Le lr lq zohgob rò qhfzr$fbf{rlo fbozqfz| yldd qlh{d| zflqo `lq ifho rg f `liòz dood-

Borozzomao lq [zlhfzld| fjgur Qrg{{lmi @li`(Omb R`zofrq


30/45

:;:; F Rlho ge Rzfmqlrlgm

Bobuarlgmq ezgh :;:;

Rò q`ler lm rò idgjfd jfdfmao ge {gyoz yldd a`fddomio rò_Nq zodfrlo {gyoz-

Lmoqrhomrq mgy lm roa`mgdgi| agudb òbio fiflmqrzodfrlo roa`mgdgi| boadlmo lm _N Boeomao- @gyooz$roa`mgdgi| yldd mgr zobuao rò bohfmb egz queelalomr `liàfdljzo$ af{fjdo fmb hgrlfrob {og{do- Rò {og{do yobo{dg| gm g{ozfrlgmq agudb jo guz fq|hhorzla obio-@gyooz$ bohgizf{`| fmb qgalorfd rzombq yldd agmqrzflmrò qu{{d| ge rò {og{do yo moob-

Rò {ozlgb fzgumb :;:; hf| qoo rò agmoziomao ge f muhjoz ge gmiglmiqrzfroila rzombq> òmao yo opfhlmo lr fq f rlho ge rzfmqlrlgm joryoom rò :qmf{q`grq yo fzo fmfd|qlmi- Rò hgqr qlimlelafmr ge ròqo rzombq lq adlhfroa`fmio> umdoqq qlimlelafmr hofquzoq fzo fa`loob j| :;:;$ lrq lh{far hf| jolh{gqqljdo rg agmrflm- Fdqg j| :;:; f q`ler rgyfzbq hudrl{gdfzlr| yldd joumbozyf| ylr` rò {gyoz ge A`lmf$ Lmblf fmb {gqqljd| Jzfsld zlqlmi- A`lmfqoagmghla {gyoz yldd jo {zobghlmfmr lm Fqlf fmb lrq lmeduomao yldd jo idgjfd-Gròz {gyozq$ qua` fq Zuqqlf fmb Lzfm$ yldd fdqg jo qoonlmi rg qoauzo ylbozlmeduomao- Zlqlmi {gyozq yldd lmazofqlmid| bghlmfro lmrozmfrlgmfdgzifmlqfrlgmq$ qua` fq rò _mlrob Mfrlgmq (_M,- Euzròzhgzo$ rò _Nqqrzomir` lm Boeomao roa`mgdgi|$ fdgmi ylr` hfm| gròz Yoqrozm mfrlgmq (jur{zgjfjd| opadublmi rò _Q,$ hf| `fo joom quz{fqqob j| ròqo ohozilmi{gyozq-:? Azlrlafd zoqguzao q`gzrfioq hf| fdqg jo zofaòb j| r`lq {glmr ylr`rò op`fuqrlgm ge qgho ge rò gld elodbq ylr`lm rò Hlbbdo Ofqr-:5

@gyooz$ ezgh f _N {ozq{oarlo$ rò a`fmioq lm rò a`fzfaroz ge agmedlar fzodlnod|rg jo bzlom j| f aghjlmfrlgm ge rò q`lerq lm idgjfd {gyoz fmb ròzofdlqfrlgm r`fr$ ylr`gur qlimlelafmr fbblrlgmfd lmoqrhomr$ rò {gqr6 rò quh ge fddr`lq yldd zovulzo f {zgegumb q`ler lm guz hldlrfz| audruzo- Fr rò qfho rlho fmfiolmi {g{udfrlgm yldd {dfao lmazofqlmi bohfmbq gm rò {ujdla {uzqo$ agu{dobylr` rò agmrlmuob oeeoar ge rò zoaoqqlgm ge :;;0':;;


31/45

Agmedlar lm :;: lmazofqlmid| jgr` yldd jozovulzob$ jur lm hgqr afqoq r`lq yldd jo umfeegzbfjdo- Fq rò agqrq gehflmrflmlmi f vufdlrfrlo obio lmazofqo$ _N Boeomao huqr boalbo yòròz rgzobuao lrq roa`mgdgilafd obio rg mlaò fzofq gz hflmrflm jzgfboz jfqobaf{fjldlrloq fr dgyoz roa`mgdgilafd qrfmbfzbq-

11- _N Zoq{gmqoq- Joegzo rò _N afm agmqlboz fm| rzfbogeeq joryoom

vufmrlr| fmb vufdlr|$ lr huqr agmqlboz lrq a`fmiob qrzfroila agmropr- Joafuqoge rò q`lerlmi jfdfmao ge {gyoz$ lm :;:< fddlfmaoq yldd jo oom hgzo lh{gzrfmrrg rò _N- Idgjfd lmrozoqrq yldd lmolrfjd| bohfmb hudrlmfrlgmfd zoq{gmqoqylr`lm fm lmrozmfrlgmfd zudoq jfqob q|qroh- Fddlfmaoq afm uqoeudd| {zoboelmorò agddoarlo qoauzlr| (fmb ròzoegzo Boeomao, lmrozoqrq fmb fqqgalfrobr`zofrq$ fmb fdqg guz aghjlmob {gromrlfd zoq{gmqoq rg ròh- Ròzovulzohomr rg qu{{gzr qrfjldlqfrlgm gz {ofao qu{{gzr farllr| ylr`lm gdfrldozoilgmq (qua` fq rò Jfdnfmq, gz efldob fmb efldlmi qrfroq yldd ombuzo$ fdgmiylr` f agmrlmuob zovulzohomr rg agumroz mgmqrfro fargzq- Rò _N huqr fdqgagmrlmuo rg boeomb lrq azlrlafd mfrlgmfd lmezfqrzuaruzo$ y`la` yldd zohflm

bo{ombomr gm q{fao fmb a|jozq{fao- @ghodfmb qoauzlr| yldd jo f {zoqqlmiagmaozm- Rò {zgdleozfrlgm ge YHB fmb AMG r`zofrq hofmq r`fr rò _N huqr`fo rò af{fjldlr|$ ylr` lrq fddloq$ rg boroz fmb le moaoqqfz| boeomb fiflmqr gzagumroz qua` frrfanq- Rò _N yldd zovulzo queelalomr muadofz borozzomr fmbagmomrlgmfd egzaoq$ agu{dob ylr` lmroddliomao$ yfzmlmi fmb quzolddfmaolmezfqrzuaruzo rg agumrozfar {gromrlfd r`zofrq- Muadofz fmb agmomrlgmfd


34/45

borozzomao huqr jo umboz{lmmob j| queelalomr af{fjldlr| fmb lmromr fmb joyodd aghhumlafrob rg {gromrlfd fbozqfzloq lm fbfmao le lr lq rg azobljd|{zoomr gz$ le moaoqqfz|$ agmrflm agmedlar- Boeomao boalqlgmq rfnom mgy ylddq`f{o rò azobljldlr| ge euruzo borozzomao- Qoauzlmi rò faaoqq r`zgui`$ fmb

rg$ rò idgjfd aghhgmq yldd zohflm lrfd le rò _N lq rg zorflm lrq idgjfdlmeduomao fmb rg hflmrflm lrq zodfrlo {zgq{ozlr| fmb {gqlrlgm ge {gyoz- R`lqylbo zfmio ge farllrloq yldd jo jo|gmb rò _Nq gym zoqguzaoq fmb$ ròzoegzo$lr yldd `fo rg ygzn lm adgqo agg{ozfrlgm ylr` {fzrmozq$ jur lr yldd fdqg moobqueelalomr agmomrlgmfd hldlrfz| {gyoz rg umboz{lm lrq bl{dghfrla hfmouozlmifmb rg zorflm lmeduomao ylr`lm fm| agfdlrlgm-:


35/45

lh{dlafrlgm rò Yoqrq vufdlrfrlo$ fq yodd fq vufmrlrfrlo$ qu{ozlgzlr| lmyof{gmq q|qrohq fmb fzhob egzao hf| jo umboz qoozo {zoqquzo- Rò _Qyldd lmazofqlmid| dggn rg {fzrmoz qrfroq egz qu{{gzr- [fzrmozq yldd joqr fqqlqr j|qf|lmi y`fr rò| fzo iglmi rg bg$ ròm bglmi lr$ fmb bglmi lr yodd-

F A`lmoqo [ozq{oarlo

Zofblmi A`lmoqo qrzfroila lmromrlgmq lq bleelaudr$ mgr dofqr buo rg rò dfan gebfrf- A`lmf jodlooq lr lq rò zlqlmi {gyoz fmb y`ldo lr jodlooq lm`fzhgmlguq boodg{homr lr yldd joagho lmazofqlmid| egzaoeud fq fmlmrozmfrlgmfd {df|oz$ y`ldo {df|lmi rò dgmi bl{dghfrla ifho ylr` lmazofqlmiqg{`lqrlafrlgm-

A`lmfq hgbozmlqfrlgm ge lrq Fzhob Egzaoq$ agmomrlgmfd$ umagmomrlgmfd fmbmuadofz$ lq flhob fr agumrozlmi fm| {ozaolob _Q$ Lmblfm gz Fqlfm r`zofr fmb$

j| :;: rò zfmio ge r`zofrq lq farufdd| op{fmblmi- Op{fmblmi guz zfmio gezoq{gmqoq faagzblmid| yldd jo bohfmblmi ylr`gur qlimlelafmrd| hgzo zoqguzao-Rò hldlrfz| lmqrzuhomr huqr jo agmeliuzob rg bodloz jzgfb urldlr| fmb yo

huqr jorroz umbozqrfmb r`fr rò hldlrfz| lmqrzuhomr fdgmo afm zfzod|$ le ooz$bodloz boalqlo qrzfroila oeeoar- Ombuzlmi quaaoqq yldd lmfzlfjd| zovulzo ròafzoeud lmroizfrlgm ge fdd doozq ge mfrlgmfd {gyoz- Q`lerq lm zodfrlo {gyoz hf|fdqg agmrzljuro rg f euzròz boadlmo lm rò _Nq qrzfroila fbfmrfio$ y`la` ylddumbozhlmo qgho dgmiòdb eumbfhomrfd fqquh{rlgmq fjgur quaaoqq lmhldlrfz| omruzoq- Ilom auzzomr rzombq$ yo agudb goz rlho dgqo rò qrzfroila$


36/45

g{ozfrlgmfd fmb rfarlafd lmlrlfrlo r`fr yo `fo {oz`f{q rfnom egz izfmrobjoafuqo ge guz `lqrgzlafd vufdlrfrlo fmb vufmrlrfrlo fbfmrfioq- Agmrzfz| rgqgho {ozao{rlgmq$ r`lq q`ler yldd `f{{om lm f {ozlgb lm y`la` yo yldd `fo rgboeomb$ gz fr dofqr qoauzo$ guz mfrlgmfd lmrozoqrq-

1?- _maozrflmr| lm [dfmmlmi egz Euruzo Agmedlar- Agmedlarq `fo ròlz gymb|mfhla r`fr mgrlgmq ge blqazorlgm romb rg umbozqrfro- Fbozqfzloq fzofdzofb| fbf{rlmi efqr rg rò Yoqrq {zoeozzob yf| ge yfz- Le lr lq faao{rob r`fragmedlar lq blozqle|lmi$ ròm yo moob rg zoloy rò urldlr| ge qgho ge guzrzfblrlgmfd rggdq- Boeomao {dfmmozq moaoqqfzld| fdlim agmao{rq$ zoqguzaoq fmb{gdla| uqlmi fm oh{lzlafd {zgaoqq- R`lq agh{fzrhomrfdlqfrlgm ge yfzefzo zlqnqhlqzo{zoqomrlmi rò lmrozagmmoarobmoqq fmb lmrozbo{omboma| ge bleeozomrhldlrfz| farllrloq gmao f egzao lq omifiob- Ròzo hf| jo f zovulzohomr rgfbf{r rò af{fjldlr|jfqob f{{zgfa` rg ohjzfao ylboz r`zofrq- Bofdlmi ylr`

blozqo fmb fbf{rlo r`zofrq hf| bohfmb hgzo lmoqrhomr lm `liàfdljzo{og{do$ obuafrob fmb rzflmob rg f moy joma`hfzn- Rò _Q fmb Lqzfodlegzaoq `fo hfbo r`lq qro{ a`fmio-

15- [fzrmozq`l{- Fddlfmaoq fzo f zodfrlod| qrzgmi egzh ge agddoarlo boeomaofmb geeoz rò joqr a`fmao ge q{zofblmi rò dgfb lm euruzo agmedlar- Rò zfmioge {fzrmozq ylr` y`la` rò _N ylqòq rg g{ozfro lq dlnod| rg izgy- Lm ròfjqomao ge egzhfd$ jlmblmi fddlfmaoq$ lmegzhfd {fzrmozq`l{q lm fzofq yòzo rò_N `fq agzo qrzfroila lmrozoqrq yldd jo ge lmazofqlmi lh{gzrfmao lm gzboz rg

{zglbo rò jomoelrq ge3 agddoarlo qoauzlr|> juzbom q`fzlmi> agmelbomaojuldblmi fmb agmedlar {zoomrlgm> {zghgrlmi qlrufrlgmfd umbozqrfmblmi> zgdoq`fzlmi> fmb azlrlafdd| rg omfjdo faaoqq- Mgrylr`qrfmblmi r`lq f{{zgfa`$rò _N hf| `fo rg zorflm queelalomr hldlrfz| af{fjldlr| rg agmbuar fmlmbo{ombomr hldlrfz| g{ozfrlgm lm boeomao ge lrq gozqofq rozzlrgzloq- Oeeoarlo{fzrmozq`l{ lm euruzo agmedlar yldd zovulzo ombuzlmi omifiohomr rg juldbumbozqrfmblmi fmb af{falr|- [fzrmozq`l{ yldd jo agmroqrob fmb lr bgoq lh{d|f boizoo ge {zoaghhlrhomr> fmb lm qgho afqoq yo yldd jo qoonlmi rò qfho{fzrmozq fq guz agh{orlrgzq- Rg hfno {fzrmozq`l{ ygzn yo yldd moob rgomquzo azgqqBoeomao Dlmoq ge Boodg{homr B16B lmrozg{ozfjldlr| ylr` fm

lmazofqlmi zfmio ge {fzrmozq (egz opfh{do rò Fezlafm _mlgm fmb [zlfroQoauzlr| Agh{fmloq,$ fazgqq fdd omlzgmhomrq fmb fr lmazofqlmid| dgyozdoodq- Y`ldo MFRG `fq joom f qlimlelafmr boelmlmi efargz$ lmegzhfd zoilgmfd{fzrmozq`l{q$ y`la` agho fr f zodfrlod| dgy {zlao$ fzo fm fzof yòzo yoq`gudb lmoqr qlimlelafmrd| hgzo- Gmo ge rò {zlhfz| zofqgmq yo `fo qgui`r{fzrmozq`l{q$ oq{oalfdd| ylr` rò _Q$ lq rg hfplhlqo rò iofzlmi r`fr hf|


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fa`loo lmeduomao$ fddgylmi rò _N rg {uma` fjgo lrq yoli`r- Olbomao gerò farufd qrzfroila lmeduomao fa`loob lq fhjliuguq$ fmb yo moob rg jo{zfihfrla fq rg y`fr afm jo fa`loob-

19- [zoomrlgm- [zoomrlgm lq jorroz fmb aòf{oz r`fm auzo- Rò _N q`gudblmoqr hgzo lm r`lq fzof- @gyooz$ {zoomrlgm fq {zfarlafd dlhlrq- Lr lq fdqgbleelaudr rg vufmrle| fmb lmoqrhomr òzo bgoq mgr iufzfmroo r`fr yo yldd jofjdo rg fglb agmedlar fdrgioròz- Lmboob$ qger {gyoz lq fr lrq hgqr agmlmalmiyòm umboz{lmmob j| `fzb {gyoz- B1:B [zoomrlgm zovulzoq rlhod|$ lmegzhobboalqlgm hfnlmi (g{rlhlqob r`zgui` ezovuomr {zfarlao, fmb rò fjldlr| rg farfmb zofar efqroz r`fm rò qlrufrlgm lq umegdblmi- @gyooz$ op{ozlomaolmblafroq r`fr mgmo ge ròqo afm jo fqquhob- [zoomrlgm$ le lr lq rg joazobljdo$ moobq ofzd| lmoqrhomr fmb {zgrzfarob omifiohomr-

10- Borozzomao$ Agmrflmhomr fmb Agozalgm- Borozzomao lq$ fmb yldd zohflm$eumbfhomrfd rg rò _Nq f{{zgfa` rg agmedlar> le lr efldq$ agmrflmhomr gz oomagozalgm hf| jo zovulzob- Ròqo qrzfroiloq zod| u{gm adofz qlimfddlmi fmbhurufd umbozqrfmblmi ge oqafdfrlgm fmb zlqn- @gyooz$ rò| fzo {zoqomrd|egauqob gm qrfro r`zofrq- Y`ldo rò| fzo dlnod| rg zohflm oeeoarlo lm hfm|afqoq$ rò {zgdleozfrlgm ge YHB fmb mgod r`zofrq$ qua` fq AMG$ ezgh jgr`qrfro fmb mgmqrfro fargzq$ a`fddomioq rò f{{dlafrlgm ge rò umbozd|lmi rògz|fmb egzao qrzuaruzoq egz agmomrlgmfd borozzomao- Ylr`gur hua` lh{zgoblmqli`rq lmrg `gy fmb y`fr rò fbozqfz| r`lmnq fmb y`fr yldd boroz `lh$

agmomrlgmfd borozzomao yldd joagho hgzo bleelaudr- Agumroz{zgdleozfrlgm lmrò euruzo yldd moob rg jo efz hgzo zgjuqr fmb lmrzuqlo- Ooz| af{fjldlr|a`glao fmb bohgmqrzfrlgm ge lmromr yo hfno mgy fmb lm rò euruzo yldd q`f{orò azobljldlr| ge _N borozzomao- Agmomrlgmfd borozzomao$ agmrflmhomr fmbagozalgm rògz| afm rùq jo jzlrrdo lm lrq f{{dlafrlgm- Ròzoegzo$ guz qrzfroilaafdauduq yldd jo hgzo agh{dop$ hfnlmi lr lmazofqlmid| bleelaudr egz rò _N rgylodb lrq {gyoz-

1 g{ozfrlgmq yldd jo fjgur lmeduomalmi{og{do- Yo huqr qrzuaruzo fmb rzflm rg {zglbo {ozqlqromr qoauzlr| oeeoar$ rgg{ozfro adgqod| ylr` {fzrmozq lmadublmi lmbliomguq egzaoq fmb$ yòzomoaoqqfz|$ rg omfjdo rò bodloz| ge alld oeeoar- Af{falr| juldblmi yldd jo f


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hfcgz odohomr lm gozaghlmi rò {zgjdohq ge fa`lolmi queelalomr hfqq- R`lqyldd zovulzo f qafdfjdo fmb edopljdo f{{zgfa` rg egzao doodq buzlmi f afh{flim fmb lmoqaf{fjd| f boizoo ge _N hfqq- Yo huqr boodg{ fmblmqrlrurlgmfdlqo audruzfd umbozqrfmblmi lm guz obuafrlgm$ rzflmlmi fmb

bo{dg|fjdo qrzuaruzoq le yo fzo rg boodg{ rò moaoqqfz| lmqli`r rg {ozhlrboo{oz qlrufrlgmfd umbozqrfmblmi- Euruzo g{ozfrlgmq yldd jo agmbuarob lm fagh{orlrlo fmb agh{dop lmegzhfrlgm omlzgmhomr qg yo huqr boodg{ ròrggd qorq rg eli`r fmb ylm rò jfrrdo egz lmeduomao zoilgmfdd|$ bghoqrlafdd| fmbidgjfdd| fmb fdqg lm q{fao fmb rò a|joz bghflmq- Euruzo g{ozfrlgmq ylddzovulzo rò qu{{gzr ge$ fmb adgqoz lmroizfrlgm ylr`$ rò gròz lmqrzuhomrq gemfrlgmfd {gyoz> rò boodg{homr ge r`lq qu{ozcglmr f{{zgfa` yldd jo azlrlafdrg quaaoqq-

2;- Zofa`$ Faaoqq$ Buzfrlgm fmb Qafdo- Y`ldo rò zoqofza` egz r`lq {f{oz

quiioqrq r`fr rò hldlrfz| fjldlr| rg eudeld f qoauzlr|zodfrob qu{{gzrlmi zgdo fr`gho lq auzzomrd| umboz{df|ob$ rò _N q`gudb qoon {zlhfzld| rg uqo ròhldlrfz| lmqrzuhomr fr zfmio- @gyooz yo yldd bo{omb gm faaoqq rg bo{dg|$oh{dg| fmb quqrflm egzaoq fmb r`lq hf| joagho lmazofqlmid| {zgjdohfrla-Euzròzhgzo$ y`ldo yo hf| fdqg qoon rg fa`loo zf{lb$ boalqlo oeeoar$ yoq`gudb mgr fqquho r`lq yldd jo rò afqo3 goz rlho$ ombuzlmi g{ozfrlgmq `fojoom rò mgzh lm fdd omlzgmhomrq ylr` {zgegumb lh{dlafrlgmq$ mgr dofqr egz guz{dfmmlmi fqquh{rlgmq- Guz fq{lzfrlgmq rg fa`loo qrzfroila oeeoar lm fddomlzgmhomrq yldd mgr fdyf|q jo hfraòb j| guz fjldlr| rg iomozfro fmb

quqrflm egzaoq fr queelalomr qafdo-

26- Qlrufrlgmfd _mbozqrfmblmi- Rò euruzo a`fzfaroz ge agmedlar zovulzoq fq`ler ge oh{`fqlq ezgh {dfregzhq fmb A: mgboq rgyfzbq jorroz ùhfmumbozqrfmblmi oq{oalfdd| yòzo rfzior qlimfruzoq fzo qhfdd gz fhjliuguq-Yoqrozm agmomrlgmfd bghlmfmao lq jfqob gm rò fjldlr| rg elmb$ elp fmb qrzlnorò omoh| egzao- Euruzo r`zofr fargzq yldd qoon rg g{ozfro lm agmioqrob fmbadurrozob omlzgmhomrq lm gzboz rg fglb Yoqrozm qu{ozlgzlr|$ y`la` ylddzovulzo uq rg op{dglr moyoz omlzgmhomrq qua` fq q{fao$ a|jozq{fao$ fmbmgmdor`fd yof{gmq- Qlrufrlgmfd umbozqrfmblmi yldd fdqg zovulzo fm lmbo{r`

nmgydobio ge rò fbozqfzloq hldlrfz| af{fjldlrloq fmb fdqg ròlz audruzo fmbboalqlgm hfnlmi- Guz {og{do yldd moob mgr gmd| rg umbozqrfmb rò lh{ozfrloqegz afh{flim quaaoqq$ jur fdqg `gy rg ygzn ylr`lm f `li`d| mufmaob agmropr-

2:- Fbf{rfrlgm fmb Lmroizfrlgm- Yo huqr jorroz gzifmlqo egz fbf{rfrlgm-Rò op{dglrfrlgm ge mgod hldlrfz| af{fjldlrloq zovulzoq oh{gyozob a`fh{lgmq


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y`g yldd jo fjdo rg doozfio zoqguzaoq- Cglmroz|$ gmo ge r`o egumbfrlgmq geguz yf| ge yfzefzo$ zovulzob f {fzfblih q`ler- @gyooz$ quaaoqq lm euruzoagmedlar yldd omrfld efz boo{oz fmb ylboz lmroizfrlgm- R`lq qu{ozcglmr f{{zgfa`yldd `fo rg opromb fazgqq Igozmhomr fmb zofa` efz lmrg guz fddloq fmb

{fzrmozq- R`lq yldd fo qlimlelafmr lh{dlafrlgmq egz rzfblrlgmfd mgrlgmq geq|ma`zgmlqfrlgm$ egz opfh{do$ lmrozg{ozfjldlr|$ A:$ rzflmlmi fmb obuafrlgm-R`lq zovulzoq f audruzfd q`ler efz hgzo bzfhfrla r`fm r`fr y`la` bzgo _Ncglmroz| lm r`o 6


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Fzhob Egzaoq zovulzo rò zli`r muhjoz ge {og{do$ ylr` rò zli`r qnlddq$ y`g fzoylddlmi fmb fjdo rg uqo ròh umboz f zfmio ge alzauhqrfmaoq- Yo q`gudbròzoegzo {dfao fm oom izofroz {zohluh gm zoazulrhomr$ zoromrlgm fmb{zo{fzfrlgm- Homrfd fildlr| yldd jo f eumbfhomrfd {zozovulqlro egz lmqrlrurlgmfd

fildlr|- Yo fdzofb| nmgy r`fr obuafrlgm {zglboq rò jzgfb gurdggnmoaoqqfz| egz bofdlmi ylr` rò umop{oarob$ jur guz af{falr| rg obuafro rg ròzovulzob dood lq umboz zoqguzaob- Qlhldfzd|$ rzflmlmi jgr` lmbllbufd fmbagddoarlo r`fr zo{dlafroq rò eudd agh{doplr| ge rò g{ozfrlgmfd omlzgmhomr`fq f qlimlelafmr {fzr rg {df|- Ylr`gur rò efhldlfzlr| ge yodd{zfarlqob{zgaobuzoq$ lmadublmi agh{zoòmqlo fmb zofdlqrla opozalqoq$ zoq{gmqoq rgoomrq yldd lmolrfjd| jo qdgy fmb doqq oeeoarlo- Zoiomozfrlmi af{falr| fmbrlho egz obuafrlgm fmb rzflmlmi yldd jo oqqomrlfd le yo fzo rg zorflm fmb boodg{guz {og{do-

Rò _N Huqr Hfno lrq [og{do rò Obio

Ombmgroq3

6M|o C-Q Cz$ Qger {gyoz lq rò fjldlr| rg gjrflm {zoeozzob guraghoq r`zgui` frrzfarlgm- Le f qrfro afm qor rò fiombf egz

gròzq gz q`f{o ròlz {zoeozomaoq$ lr afm qfo f dgr gm afzzgrq fmb qrlanq- Jur zfzod| afm lr rgrfdd| zo{dfao olròz-:

Cglmr Bgarzlmo [ujdlafrlgm ;;6-6 Idgqqfz| ge Rozhq fmb Boelmlrlgmqboelmoq fzhob agmedlar fq f qlrufrlgm lm y`la`lgdomao gz hldlrfz| egzao lq r`zofromob gz uqob egz {gdlrlafd ombq$ f agmroqr joryoom ryg g{{gqlmi qlboq$ ofa` qoonlmi rglh{gqo lrq yldd gm rò gròz- Agmedlar (jo lr lmroz gz lmrzfqrfro, hf| lmgdo qoozfd efarlgmq- Rò rozh Fzhob Agmedlar lqgerom fjjzolfrob rg Agmedlar- R`lq {f{oz uqoq rò rozh mfruzo rg lmadubo r`gqo fq{oarq ge agmedlar r`fr fzo agmqrfmr fmbfdqg r`gqo fq{oarq r`fr a`fmio faagzblmi rg agmropr (adfqqlafdd| zoeozzob rg fq a`fzfaroz,-1

Ah9?


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6;Lm `lq :2 F{zld 6


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Fmmop F Rò Euruzo A`fzfaroz ge Agmedlar

Agmropr Rò R`zofr Bzlozq

6- _N IogQrzfroila [ozq{oarlo- Rò _N lq fm guryfzb efalmi mfrlgm ylr`hudrl{do lmrozoqrq fmb lrq qrzfroila agmropr yldd jo bzlom j| idgjfdlmrozagmmoarllr|- Rò _N lq fm lqdfmb jur mgr f egzrzoqq fmb lr `fqlmoprzlafjdo rloq rg Ouzg{o fmb Mgzr` Fhozlaf- Lm r`lq qghorlhoq umofq|rzlfmiudfz zodfrlgmq`l{$ guz lmrozoqrq fzo lmrozdlmnob ylr` jgr` ge ròqo {gyozjdgaq$ jur rò| yldd mgr fdyf|q jo fdlimob- Ròzo fzo fdqg romqlgmq joryoomguz egauq fq f Ouzg{ofm {gyoz fmb guz Frdfmrla gurdggn r`fr yldd lh{far yòzofmb `gy yo aghhlr rg euruzo agmedlar- Rò hldlrfz| af{fjldlrloq moobob rgqozlao ròqo iogqrzfroila zodfrlgmq`l{q fzo blozqo fmb agudb jo vulroblq{fzfro> f {zohluh q`gudb jo {dfaob gm r`gqo af{fjldlrloq r`fr `fo urldlr| lm

rò ylboqr qor ge alzauhqrfmaoq-

:- Adlhfro A`fmio- Adlhfro a`fmio lq zoagimlqob j| dofblmi op{ozrq rg jof rzud| moy efargz lm rò b|mfhla ge agmedlar- Lr yldd `fo ryg hfcgz lh{farq gmagmedlar- Elzqr$ rò g{ozfrlmi omlzgmhomr yldd a`fmio$ ylr` lmazofqobboqozrlelafrlgm$ hodrlmi lao af{q$ zobuaob yfroz zumgeeq$ `liòz fhjlomrroh{ozfruzoq fmb hgzo qoozo yofròz oomrq- _N Fzhob Egzaoq hf| moobrg jo fjdo rg g{ozfro lm fzofq ge adlhfrla oprzohoq$ ezgh rò [gdfz Zoilgmq rgrò boqozr- Qoagmb$ fmb hgzo lh{gzrfmrd|$ adlhfro a`fmio yldd feeoar dfzio

muhjozq ge {og{do$ hfm| ge y`gh dlo lm zoilgmq fmb qrfroq r`fr yldd mgr jofjdo rg fbf{r vuland| omgui` rg fglb rò ygzqr oeeoarq- R`lq lq dlnod| rg azofrolmqrfjldlr|$ oq{oalfdd| lm r`gqo qrfroq r`fr fzo fdzofb| udmozfjdo rg gròz{zoqquzoq-1- Bohgizf{`|- Rò Ygzdbq {g{udfrlgm lq {zoblarob rg zlqo rg goz 0-1jlddlgm j| :;:


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or`mlafdd| fzrlelalfd gz agmroqrob jgzbozq- Faaoqq rg eggb fmb yfroz ylddjoagho lmazofqlmid| a`fddomilmi$ fmb zoilgmq ylr` fauro q`gzrfioq fzo dlnod|rg eood lmazofqlmid| udmozfjdo- Qgho qrfroq yldd zoifzb rò qoauzlr| ge ròlzeggb fmb yfroz qu{{dloq fq lqquoq ge mfrlgmfd quzlfd fmb yldd far faagzblmid|3

f eli`r egz quzlfd hf| jo lqaozfd fmb umagmqrzflmob-2- Idgjfdlqfrlgm fmb lrq Lh{far- Rò _N zodloq gm idgjfdlqfrlgm egz lrq{zgq{ozlr|-6 Idgjfdlqfrlgm lq jgr` f {gqlrlo {zgaoqq fmb fm lbof$ y`la` lqbzlom j| rò zovulzohomrq ge rò boodg{ob ygzdb- Lr moaoqqlrfroq agg{ozfrlgm$ jur lr fdqg azofroq romqlgm fmb jfandfq` fmb lm qgho afqoq fr dofqryldd jo f no| bzloz ge lmqrfjldlr| fmb agmedlar$ fr lmazofqlmi roh{g- Ròqoromqlgmq fzo opfaozjfrob j| rò hoblf zogdurlgm y`la` `fq hfbo ròlmovufdlrloq ge yofdr` fmb yoddjolmi idgjfdd| rzfmq{fzomr- Egz opfh{do$lh{zgohomrq lm aghhumlafrlgmq mgy fddgy oprzohlqrq rg q{zofb ròlz

lbogdgi| fmb q`fzo ròlz ogdlmi fq|hhorzla hldlrfz| obio$ ylr` y`la` rgqrzlno fr guz lmrozoqrq- Idgjfdlqfrlgm lq fjgur rò q{zofb ge af{lrfd$ rzfbo$lmroddoarufd {zg{ozr|$ oagmghla farllr|$ yofdr` fmb zoqguzaoq- Lr fdqgomagh{fqqoq rò iufzfmroob faaoqq rg fmb op{dglrfrlgm ge ròqo zoqguzaoq lmboodg{lmi qrfroq- Rò idgjfd morygzn y`la` qu{{gzrq r`lq rzfmqhlqqlgm lqomfjdob j| q`fzob lmrozmfrlgmfd aghhumlafrlgm {fr`q agh{zlqlmi zgfb fmbzfld> qof fmb flz zguroq> q{fao> a|jozq{fao> fmb rò odoarzghfimorla q{oarzuh$fmb lq zoeozzob rg fq rò idgjfd aghhgmq- Egz idgjfdlqfrlgm rg ygzn ròzo huqrmgr jo qlimlelafmr lmrozzu{rlgmq rg edgyq fdgmi ròqo rzfmqhlqqlgm zguroq> |or fdd

ge ròqo {fr`q `fo a`gno{glmrq fmb udmozfjldlrloq- Lm rò _N$ joafuqo ge guzoagmghla lmrozoqrq$ guz alrlsomq$ fmb guz audruzfd fmb efhldlfd agmmoarlgmq ylr`gròz agumrzloq y`la` fzo q{zofb r`zgui`gur hfm| {fzrq ge rò Ygzdb$ yo `folmrozoqrq r`fr fzo iomulmod| ygzdbylbo zfròz r`fm dgafd gz zoilgmfd- Yòzoozhfcgz agmedlar gaauzq$ ròzo fzo dlnod| rg jo qoauzlr| agmqovuomaoq- Bghoqrlaqoauzlr| afmmgr jo qo{fzfrob ezgh gozqofq qoauzlr| lqquoq-

?- Omozi| Zoqguzaoq- J| :;:< ròzo lq op{oarob rg jo f agmqlbozfjdolmazofqo lm bohfmb egz omozi|- Lm {fzrlaudfz ifq yldd jo ge lmazofqlmilh{gzrfmao fq qrfroq qrzuiido rg hflmrflm omozi| qu{{dloq- Rò hfcgzlr| ge r`lq

ifq yldd {zgjfjd| agho ezgh f eoy zoilgmq$ mfhod| rò Fzarla$ Aomrzfd Fqlf$ rò[ozqlfm Iude (oq{oalfdd| Vfrfz fmb {gromrlfdd| Lzfm,$ Zuqqlf fmb Fezlaf- Hfm|jgumbfz| blq{uroq$ qua` fq r`gqo lm rò Fzarla$ Iude ge Iulmof fmb rò Qgur`Frdfmrla yldd joagho lmoprzlafjd| dlmnob rg rò qoauzlmi ge omozi| qu{{dloq- Rò_N yldd jo azlrlafdd| bo{ombomr u{gm omozi| lh{gzrq- R`lq yldd bohfmb qrzgmizoilgmfd lmeduomao lmadublmi qu{{gzrlmi guz Ouzg{ofm {fzrmozq fmb lemoaoqqfz|$ rò fjldlr| rg {zgcoar fmb hflmrflm hldlrfz| {gyoz lm rò agmropr ge


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zoilgmfd qoauzlr| r`fr azofroq f efguzfjdo jfdfmao ge {gyoz$ fr zfmio fmb frrò Ouzg{ofm hfzilmq-

5- Efldob fmb Efldlmi Qrfroq- Qrfroq yldd zohflm rò {zobghlmfmr gzifmlqlmi{zlmal{do egz f qrfjdo zudoqjfqob lmrozmfrlgmfd q|qroh gm y`la` _N {zgq{ozlr|lq jfqob- Qrfroq r`fr afmmgr ylr`qrfmb rò lmeduomaoq ge rò a`fmilmi idgjfdagmropr yldd zlqn agddf{qo- [ggz igozmfmao$ oagmghla bo{zlfrlgm fmblmovufdlr|$ fdzofb| {zofdomr lm {fzrq ge Fezlaf$ Aomrzfd Fqlf fmb AomrzfdFhozlaf$ fzo dlnod| rg q{zofb euzròz-: Hfm| eflduzoq yldd jo faagh{fmlob j|qujqrfmrlfd gurjzofnq ge lgdomao- Rò _N yldd mgr moob mgz ylq` rg lmrozomohldlrfzld| lm fdd afqoq ge qrfro eflduzo- @gyooz$ rò _N hf| eood agh{oddob rgfar boalqlod| rg zoqrgzo qrfjldlr|$ agmrflm rò lh{far ge lmqrfjldlr|$ gz ofaufro_N mfrlgmfdq- G{ozfrlgmq lm efldob fmb efldlmi qrfroq `fo fbblrlgmfda`fddomioq lmadublmi$ `gqrfio rfnlmi$ òfld| fzhob alldlfmq$ fmb

ùhfmlrfzlfm azlqoq- Rò {ggz dood ge qoauzlr| fdqg hofmq r`fr alldlfmq hf|jo umfjdo rg bo{dg| fmb rò hldlrfz| hf| `fo rg rfno gm fbblrlgmfd rfqnq egzy`la` rò| fzo molròz rzflmob mgz ovul{{ob-9- Lbogdgi|- Lbogdgilafd hgohomrq$ jfqob gm zodlilgm fmb lbomrlr|$ ylddzohflm f qlimlelafmr efargz- Zodlilguqd|jfqob {gdlrlafd izgu{lmiq$ zfblafdomlzgmhomrfdlqrq fmb oprzoho mfrlgmfdlqrq yldd fdd jo eofruzoq ge idgjfd {gdlrlaq$fq yldd qrfroq hgrlfrob j| lbogdgi|- [og{do yldd eli`r egz ròlz jodloeq fmb ròqojodloeq hf| mgr jo iogizf{`lafdd| jgumbob-Ombmgroq36

Rò _Nq oagmgh| yldd zohflm lm rò rg{ 5 idgjfdd|$ fmb yldd agmrlmuo rg `gqr hfm| dofblmi hudrlmfrlgmfd agz{gzfrlgmq$zorflm dofbozq`l{ lm qgho fzofq ge qalomao fmb roa`mgdgi| fmb hflmrflm lrq zgdo lm rò lmrozmfrlgmfd elmfmalfd q|qroh-:_mlrob Mfrlgmq Boodg{homr [zgizfhho$ Ygzdb Jfmn fmb Lmrozmfrlgmfd Hgmorfz| Eumb {zoblarlgmq-


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Fjjzolfrlgmq

A: Aghhfmb fmb AgmrzgdAJ A`ohlafd fmb JlgdgilafdAJZM A`ohlafd Jlgdgilafd Zfblgdgilafd MuadofzAMG Agh{uroz Morygzn G{ozfrlgmq

BABA Boodg{homr Agmao{rq fmb Bgarzlmo AomrzoBOY Blzoarob Omozi| Yof{gmqBELB Bo{fzrhomr egz Lmrozmfrlgmfd Boodg{homr

O_ Ouzg{ofm _mlgm

LBE Lqzfodl Boeomao Egzaoq

LOB Lh{zglqob Op{dgqlo BolaoLHE Lmrozmfrlgmfd Hgmorfz| EumbLZF Lzlq` Zo{ujdlafm Fzh|

MFRG Mgzr` Frdfmrla Rzofr| GzifmlsfrlgmMOA Morygznob Omfjdob Af{fjldlr|MQQ Mfrlgmfd Qoauzlr| Qrzfroi|

Z%B Zoqofza` fmb Boodg{homrZHF Zogdurlgm lm Hldlrfz| FeeflzqZ_QL Zg|fd _mlrob Qozlaoq Lmqrlruro

QL[ZL Qrgan`gdh Lmrozmfrlgmfd [ofao Zoqofza` Lmqrlruro

_FU _mhfmmob Fozlfd Uo`lado_M _mlrob Mfrlgmq_MB[ _mlrob Mfrlgmq Boodg{homr [zgizfhho_MQA _mlrob Mfrlgmq Qoauzlr| Agumald_Q CEAGH _mlrob Qrfroq Cglmr Egzaoq Aghhfmb

_QM _mlrob Qrfroq Mf|

YHB Yof{gmq ge Hfqq Boqrzuarlgm

strategic trends prgramme - future character of conflict

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