In

Science & Health V

Prepared by:

BENROS A. SAMPILO Teacher II

Malabago Elem. School Sta. Cruz North District

Simple Machine

Task Analysis: Learning Competency: Infer that simple machines make work easier and faster. Subtasks:

A. Identify the kinds of simple machines e.g. wedge, screw, wheel and axle

pulley

B. Identify the main parts of each kind of simple machines

C.Describe how each simple machine makes work easier and faster.

D.Identify activities where simple machines are used.

Guide Card

Have you ever tried to remove the lid from a can of biscuit? You

know that it is difficult, if not impossible, to do it

using only your fingers. What do you think?

Ummmm… Wait!

Let me think of it

Don’t waste your energy, Kitten. Let me share to you the

easiest way to open that can of biscuit

and even make your work easier with the aid of Simple

Machines.

1) LEVER - is a rigid bar or rod that moves or turns about a fixed point called the fulcrum

3 Classes of Lever

A. First Class Lever - the fulcrum is between the effort and resistance (load)

Example: seesaw, scissors

B. Second Class Lever - the resistance (load) is between fulcrum and the effort.

Examples: Whellbarrow trolley cart nut cracker

C. Third Class Lever - the effort is between the resistance (load) and the fulcrum

Examples: Spades tweezer broomstick icetong

2) PULLEY – is a wheel with a grooved rim which is free to turn about a fixed point called an axis. It is used to raise heavy loads with less force quickly.

Classification:

A. Fixed Pulley - the simplest pulley composed of a grooved wheel on a fixed axle

B. Movable Pulley - the load is attached to the axle of this pulley. It is movable and not attached to a fixed point.

C. Block and Tackle pulley - system of pulleys used to lift very heavy objects with

small amount of force.

3) WHEEL AND AXLE - is a rotating level in which two wheels are mounted on the same

axle. The fulcrum of a wheel and axle is located at the center of the axle. It is used to lift loads with very little effort.

Examples: bicycle egg beaker

doorknob

potter’s wheel

4) INCLINED PLANE - is a flat surface with one end elevated. It is called a ramp.

Inclined planes make it easier to lift or move things to a lower or higher place.

Examples:

5) WEDGE - is a double inclined planes forming a sharp edge. Wedges are used to split

or pierce materials and to adjust the positions of heavy objects. Ex.

shield razor knife saw ax

A wedge can multiply force greatly. The thinner the wedge, the more the effort is multiplied.

6) SCREW - is usually a metal piece grooved in an advancing spiral with a slotted head. The spiral ridge of the screw is called the thread. Between the two threads

of a screw is called the pitch.

Examples: faucet jackscrew

Parts:

Activity Card I

Name the simple machines found in each of these.

1. Scissors 4. Wheelbarrow

2. Stairs 5. Screw

3. Hammer 6. Raising flag

Activity Card 2

Classify each machine as pulley, lever, screw, inclined plane and wheel and axle. Write your answer on the spaces provided for.

1. Toothpick 6. Bicycle

2. Staple wire remover 7. Scissors

3. Doorknob 8. Knife

4. Ice Tong 9. Ax

5. Ramp 10. Electric Fan

Assessment Card 3

Complete the words by supplying the missing letters in the boxes. Use the sentences below as clue.

1W 2M

3L 4E

5F

6P

7R

Assessment Card I

8T 9A

10P

Across

2 Mechanical device that helps do work more easily 3 Stiff bar that rests or turns on a fixed point

5 Fixed point where the bar rotates 7 Object moved by a machine

8 Sharp spiral edge of a screw 10 Grooved wheel that turns about an axle which is stationary

Down

1 A form of inclined plane used to lift or split objects 4 Force exerted on a machine

6 Distance between the two threads of a screw 9 Attached to a wheel, forming a machine

Match column A with B. Write the only the letter of the correct answer.

A B

1. It makes work easier and faster a. wheel

2. It moves around the axle b. wedge

3. It is a twisted inclined plane c. screw

4. It is a double inclined plane d. machine

5. It brings up object as one end is pulled e. pulley

6. It is a hard, strong bar that turns about a fixed point f. thread

7. It is a ramp which is used to lift heavy objects g. lever

8. The force applied to the lever in moving an object h. inclined plane

9. It is the point or support on which a lever turns i. effort

10. It is a inclined plane that sticks out from a body j. fulcrum

of a screw.

Assessment Card 2

Write T if the statement is true and F is the statement is false.

1. A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.

2. It is easier to lift the cap of a bottle than to turn it on a screw.

3. When the wheel turns, the axle is just steady.

4. When using a block and tackle, the more pulleys there are the greater

force is applied.

5. A wheel and axle is a machine that reduces friction.

6. Screw may also be used to hold things together.

Enrichment Card

1. Why is a machine considered a very important invention?

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2. Name the six simple machines. Describe each type. ____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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3. List the machines your parents use at home, office or in the farm. Identify what kind of machine is each.

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Answer Card

Activity Card 1

1. wedge/lever

2. inclined plane 3. wedge

4. wheel and axle 5. screw 6. pulley

Activity Card 2

1. wedge 2. lever 3. wheel and axle

4. lever 5. inclined plane

6. wheel and axle 7. wedge/lever 8. wedge

9. wedge 10. screw

1W 2M A C H I N E

D

G

3L E V 4E R

F

5F U L C R U M

O

6P R

7R E S I S T A N C E

T

C

8T H R E 9A D

Assessment Card 1

1. d

2. a 3. c

4. d 5. e 6. g

7. h 8. i

9. j 10. f

Assessment Card 2

1. T

2. T 3. F (when the wheel turns, the axle turns too)

4. T 5. T

6. T Assessment Card 3

Enrichment Card

1. Machine is considered a very important invention because it helps man in making his work easier and

faster. In addition to, machines are used to produce more products.

2. Six Simple Machines 1. Lever

2. Pulley 3. Wheel and Axle 4. Wedge

5. Screw 6. Inclined Plane

3. Home

1. knife – wedge

2. sewing needle – wedge 3. doorknob - wheel and axle

4. stair - inclined plane 5. bottle opener – lever

Office 1. pair of scissors – wedge / lever

2. puncher – lever 3. cutter – wedge

Farm 1. plow of the farmer – wedge

2. spade – wedge / lever 3. hoe – wedge

Reference Card

1. Ecaldre, Felix G., et al. The New Science, Health and Environment 5. Quezon City: Abiva Publishing

House, Inc., 2003.

2. Fallaria, Rebecca R., et al. Science Spectrum 5: Work text in Science and Health for Elementary.

Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2004.

3. Llarinas, Jose F. and Emily M. Pelobello. Into the

Future: Science and Health for Grade 5. Diwa Scholastic Press, Inc. and DepEd (SEMP), 1999.

4. Obra, Leodencio T. and Reny C. Obra. Exploring

Science 5: Quezon City: Saint Bernadette Publications, Inc., 2004.

5. PELC V. 10: 10.1; 10.2; 10.3; 10.4