Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 1 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 2 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 3 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 4 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 5 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 6 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 7 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 8 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 9 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 10 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 11 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 12 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 13 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 14 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 15 / 16

Name

Skews.MeEven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Home | Contact | Facebook | Tinfoil Hat

SkewsMe.comapt pupil, mad scientist, town crier

kevin.crosby.seattle@gmail.comeven the smallest drop in the bucket makes a wave

Welcome University of California, Berkeley, Neuroelectric Research Group,University of California, Berkeley, Introduction to Cyberpunk students,University of Maine Homeland Security Lab and Electrictal & Computer Engineering students,The Neuroscience ThinkTank at the University of Sussex,New York University, Tisch School of the Arts, Interactive Telecommunications Program,National University of Singapore Integrated Virtual Learning Environment,Kansas’s Fort Hays State University students,Michigan’s Wayne State University ISM 7500,University of Massachusetts psychology students,Pennsylvania's Muhlenberg College students,Tasmania's ICT Mindtools Robotics students!

Brain implant

Brain Implants

Direct neural control of complex machines is a longterm U.S. military goal.DARPA has a brainmachine interface program aimed at creating nextgeneration wireless interfaces between neural systems and, initially,

prosthetics and other biomedical devices.— Rodney Brooks, “Toward a BrainInternet Link,” WirelessNewsFactor, 10 Dec 2003.

See also "Brain Implants" in Tinfoil Hat

In a Kurzweillian future, the world would become a verystrange place, where converging advances innanotechnology, biotechnology and computer sciencecombine to propel humanity to its next stage of evolution.“By the end of this century, I don't think there will be aclear distinction between human and machine,” Kurzweiltold the Foresight Institute’s Eighth Conference onMolecular Nanotechnology.1

[By 1969,] the miracle of giving light to the blind i, ii, iii, iv

or sound to the deaf ha[d] been made possible byimplantation of electrodes, demonstrating the technicalpossibility of circumventing damaged sensory receptorsby direct electrical stimulation of the nervous system.2

Computers that become part of our bodies are not sofarfetched.… Surgeons have performed [more than50,000 3] cochlear implants on patients with hearing loss.v

“These people are already walking around with chips intheir heads,” [Peter Cochrane, head of research at BritishTelecommunications PLC,] says.4

Giving completely paralyzed patients full mental control of robotic limbs or communication devices has longbeen a dream of those working to free such individuals from their lockedin state.5 There is little doubt thatdirect brainmachine interfaces will be available in the very near future.6

Researchers at the University School of Medicine in Philadelphia demonstrated that signals fromneuron groupings in rats brains can be used to control a physical device without the rats carryingout a physical action themselves.7 “This study breaks new ground in several areas,” said Dr.Eberhard Fetz, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School ofMedicine, who authored a commentary on the research in the “News and Views” section ofNature Neuroscience. “Unlike comparable studies, this is the first demonstration to prove thatsimultaneous recordings from large ensembles of neurons can be converted in real time and onlineto control an external device. Extracting signals directly from the brain to control robotic devices has been ascience fiction theme that seems destined to become fact.” 8

[Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues] at Duke University in North Carolina wired monkey brains to control roboticarms that mimicked the motions of their real arms (another search; see also another similar study).9 “It was anamazing sight to see the robot in my lab move, knowing that it was being driven by signals from a monkeybrain at Duke,” said [Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s] Touch Lab director and coresearcherMandayam Srinivasan. “It was as if the monkey had a 600mile (950km) long virtual arm.”10

John P. Donoghue , a neuroscientist at Brown University developing a similar system, said paralyzed patientswould be the first to benefit by gaining an ability to type and communicate on the Web, but the list of potentialapplications is endless, he said. The devices may even allow quadriplegics to move their own limbs again bysending signals from the brain to various muscles, leaping over the severed nerves that caused their paralysis.…

Both he and Nicolelis hope to get permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin experiments inpeople [in 2004]. Nicolelis also is developing a system that would transmit signals from each of the hundredsof brain electrodes to a portable receiver, so his monkeys — or human subjects — could be free of externalwires and move around while they turn their thoughts into mechanical actions.11

Scientists say they have developed a technology that enables a monkey to move a cursor on a computerscreen simply by thinking about it.… Using hightech brain scans, the researchers determined that [a] smallclump[] of cells…were active in the formation of the desire to carry out specific body movements. Armed withthis knowledge, [researchers at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena] implanted sensitiveelectrodes in the posterior parietal cortex of a rhesus monkey trained to play a simple video game.… Acomputer program, hooked up to the implanted electrodes,…then moved a cursor on the computer screen inaccordance with the monkey’s desires — left or right, up or down, wherever “the electrical (brain) patternstells us the monkey is planning to reach,” according to [researcher Daniella] Meeker.12 [Dr. WilliamHeetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders andStroke,] believes that the path to longlasting implants in people would involve the recording of data from manyelectrodes. “To get a rich signal that allows you to move a limb in threedimensional space or move a cursoraround on a screen will require the ability to record from at least 30 neurons,” he said.13

Dr. Philip R. Kennedy, an [sic]clinical assistant professor ofneurology at Emory Universityin Georgia, reported that aparalyzed man was able tocontrol a cursor with a coneshaped, glass implant ( S e ealso another similar study).14

Each [neurotrophic electrode]consists of a hollow glass cone about the size of a ballpoint pen tip.15 The implants…contain an electrode thatpicks up impulses from the nerve endings. Before they are implanted, the cones are coated with chemicals —taken from tissue inside the patients’ own knees — to encourage nerve growth. The implants are then placedin the brain’s motor cortex — which controls body movement — and over the course of the next few monthsthe chemicals encourage nerve cells to grow and attach to the electrodes. A transmitter just inside the skullpicks up signals from the cones and translates these into cursor commands on the computer.16

Scientists at Northwestern University crafted a twowheeled robot that operated partly on the electrical signalsof a displaced lamprey’s brain (pic, video).17 The part of the brain used in the experiment normally keeps thelamprey upright in the water. When connected up correctly, the organ can guide the robot towards a lightsource.18

Scientists at the University of Tokyo are exploring ways that la cucaracha can become moresocially redeeming. Using hardy American roaches, scientists remove their wings, insertelectrodes in their antennae (more pics, schematics) and affix a tiny backpack of electriccircuits and batteries to their carapace. The electrodes prod them to turn left and right, gobackward and forward. The plan is to equip them with minicameras or other sensory

devices.19, vi [Later that same year, the motion picture The Fifth Element (1997) featured a remotecontrolledcockroach equipped with a camera.]

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute have…demonstrated electronicbased neuron transistors that can controlthe movement of a live leech from a computer. They can detect the firing of a nearby neuron, cause it to fire, orsuppress a neuron from firing — all of which amounts to twoway communication between neurons andneuron transistors.20

Rats steered by a computer…could soon help find buried earthquake victims or dispose ofbombs, scientists said [1 May 2002]. The remotecontrolled “roborats” (more pics, audio,video) can be made to run, climb, jump or turn left and right through electrical probes, thewidth of a hair, implanted in their brains. Movement signals are transmitted from acomputer to the rat’s brain via a radio receiver strapped to its back. One electrodestimulates the “feelgood” center of the rat’s brain, while two other electrodes activate thecerebral regions which process signals from its left and right whiskers.21

“They work for pleasure,” says Sanjiv Talwar, the bioengineer at the State University of New York who ledthe research team.… “The rat feels nirvana.” 22 Asked to speculate on potential military uses for roboticanimals, Dr Talwar agreed they could, in theory, be put to some unpleasant uses, such as assassination.23

[In February 2007, scientists at the Robot Engineering Technology Research Centre at Shandong University ofScience and Technology in China announced they had created remotecontrolled pigeons (pic) after havinghad similar success implanting mice in 2005. Their next step is to improve the technology for practical use.]

A team of US scientists have wired a computer to a cat’s brain and created videos of what the animal wasseeing. By recording the electrical activity of nerve cells in the thalamus, a region of the brain that receivessignals from the eyes, researchers from the University of California at Berkeley were able to view theseshapes.… They recorded the output from 177 brain cells that responded to light and dark in the cat's field ofview. In total, the 177 cells were sensitive to a field of view of 6.4 by 6.4 degrees.… In the cat’s brain, as inours, the signals from the thalamus cells undergo considerable signal processing in the higher regions of thebrain that improve the quality of the image that is perceived. Taking an image from a region of the brain beforethis image enhancement has taken place will result in a poorer image than the cat is able to see.… Given time,it will be possible to record what one person sees and “play it back” to someone else either as it is happeningor at a later date.24, vii

In 1870, two German researchers named [Eduard] Hitzig and [Gustav] Fritsch electrically stimulated the brainsof dogs, demonstrating that certain portions of the brain were the centers of motor function. The American Dr.Robert Bartholow, within four years, demonstrated that the same was true of human beings. By the turn of the[twentieth] century in Germany Fedor Krause was able to do a systematic electrical mapping of the humanbrain, using conscious patients undergoing brain surgery [Morgan, James P., “The First Reported Case of ElectricalStimulation of the Human Brain,” Journal of History of Medicine at http://www3.oup.co.uk/jalsci/scope/; Zimmerman, M.,

“Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain,” Human Neurobiology, 1982].

Another early researcher into electrical stimulation of the brain was Walter Rudolf Hess, who began researchinto ESB in the 1930s, jolting patients’ brains with shocks administered through tiny needles that pierced theskull.25 His experiments [also] included the insertion of fine electrically conductive wires into the brains ofanaesthetized cats. To noone’s great surprise, given mild electrical stimulation the cats went beserk [VancePackard, The People Shapers (New York: Bantam Books, 1977); “Hess, Walter Rudolf,” Encyclopedia Americana (New York:Harper & Row, 1969); “Hess, Walter Rudolph,” Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Inc.,

1973)].26

During the decades of the 1940s and 1950s, [Canadian pioneer] Wilder Penfield…experimentedwith electrical brain stimulation on patients undergoing surgery. One of Penfield’s discoveries wasthat the application of electricity on alert patients could stimulate the memory of past events[Project Open Mind] (full pic, "I smell burnt toast" reenactment surgery video).

Since 1949, the Tulane University Department of Psychiatry and Neurology has done experimentation in theimplantation of electrodes into patients’ brains. According to one of their staffgenerated reports, “Byimplantation of electrodes into various predetermined specific brain sites of patients capable of reportingthoughts and feelings, we have been able to make invaluable longterm observations…” [“StereotaxicImplantation of Electrodes in the Human Brain: A Method for LongTerm Study and Treatment,” Heath, John, Fontana,

Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine].

Other early researchers into direct brain stimulation were Robert G. Heath…and his associate, Dr. RussellMonroe. Beginning in 1950, with funding from the CIA and the military, among other sources, they implantedas many as 125 electrodes into subjects’ brains, and also experimented by injecting a wide variety of drugsdirectly into the brain tissue through small tubes; these drugs included LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline. One ofHeath’s memorable suggestions was that lobotomy should be used on subjects, not as a therapeutic measure,but for the convenience of the staff [Heath, Robert G. Undated interview in Omni; Cannon, Martin, “Mind Control andthe American Government,” Prevailing Winds, 1994; Human Rights Law Journal, “Freedom of the Mind as an InternationalHuman Rights Issue,” Vol. 3, No. 14; Ross, M.D., Dr. Colin, “The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building theManchurian Candidate,” lecture given at Ninth Annual Western Clinical Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18,

1996].27 Heath of Tulane University, who pioneered the electrical stimulation of human brains, has equippeddangerously aggressive mental patients with selfstimulators. A film shows a patient working himself out of aviolent mood by pushing his stimulator button.28

In 1956, James Olds (pic) reported on research in which he had electrically stimulated the brains of rats.Implanting electrodes in rats’ pleasure center of the brain, he attached a device that allowed the rats to activatethe electrical impulse. He found that the rats would become so obsessed with selfstimulation that they wouldliterally starve themselves to death.29 Very similar results have since been achieved replacing rats with monkeys[and humans as well].30

Jose Delgado, funded by Yale University, the Office of NavalIntelligence, the U.S. Air Force 6571st Aeromedical ResearchLaboratory, and other institutions, and linked to Spanish fascist groupsby researcher John Judge,31…is the man who perfected the stimoceiver[or ‘transdermal stimulator’], a tiny electronic device that is implantedinto the brains of humans and animals, and is used to transmit electricalimpulses directly to the brain [Delgado, Jose, Physical Control of the Mind (New York: Harper & Row, 1969); and Judge,John, “The Secret Government,” Dharma Combat number 10].32

Delgado, in a series of experimentsterrifying in their human potential,implanted electrodes in the skull of abull. Waving a red cape, Delgadoprovoked the animal to charge.Then, with a signal emitted from atiny handheld radio transmitter, hemade the beast turn aside in midlunge and trot docilely away.33 Hehas [also] been able to “play”monkeys and cats like “littleelectronic toys” that yawn, hide,fight, play, mate and go to sleepviii

on command.34 The individual isd e f e n s e l e s s a g a i n s t d i r e c tmanipulation of the brain [Delgado,Physical Control].35

The open publication of Delgado’s book Physical Control of the Mind met with a decidedly cool reactionfrom the public, and this may have warned other researchers in the field to keep quiet about the subject. Tothis day, Delgado’s is the only popular book on the subject of implants and electrical stimulation of the brain.36

During the latter days of MKULTRA research, a CIA memorandum, dated 22 November, 1961, announced,“Initial biological work on techniques and brain locations essential to providing conditioning and control ofanimals has been completed. The feasibility of remote control of activities in several species of animals hasbeen demonstrated.… The ultimate objective of this research is to provide an understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in the directional control of animals and to provide practical systems suitable for humanapplication.” 37

Later breakthroughs in technology were documented in “TwoWay Transdermal Communication with theBrain,” published in 1975. By this time Delgado had linked his brain implants with computers. The monographrecords,

“The most interesting aspect of the transdermal stimoceivers is the ability to perform simultaneousrecording and stimulation of brain functions, thereby permitting the establishment of feedbacksand ‘ondemand’ programs of excitation with the aid of the computer. With the increasingsophistication and miniaturization of electronics, it may be possible to compress the necessarycircuitry for a small computer into a chip that is implantable subcutaneously. In this way, a newselfcontained instrument could be devised, capable of receiving, analyzing, and sending backinformation to the brain, establishing artificial links between unrelated cerebral areas, functionalfeedbacks, and programs of stimulation contingent on the appearance of predeterminedpatterns” [Delgado, Lipponen, Weiss, del Pozo, Monteagudo, and McMahon, “TwoWay TransdermalCommunication with the Brain,” a cooperative publication of the Medical University of Madrid, Spain, and

Yale University Medical School, 1975].38

Many popular articles on Delgado intend us to think that his primary purpose wasthe rehabilitation of the mentally and physically sick. This does not happen to bethe case. Delgado was a blatant control freak. An example is Delgado’sexperimentation on changing the social orientation of animals. One staging area forthis experimentation was an island in the Bermudas, where Delgado maintained afreeroving population of gibbons with electronic implants, using electrical brainboosts to build and destroy social orders among those primates as if he wasknocking down a row of dominoes [Packard, People Shapers].39

Although well cited, Delgado’s practical results on humans were extremely limited, ix as most of his researchwas either merely stated without a results base, or has been reported on second hand.… Reports have beenmade on his work on the ‘Pandora Project’, which involved modulating electromagnetic fields to a soldier’shead so that the soldier would lose selfcontrol on the battle field. Reports also include how work was carriedout to induce schizophrenia artificially through electrical stimulation of the septal zone in the human brain.40

Always a visionary in the Orwellian mold, Delgado said, “Looking into the future, it may be predicted thattelerecording and telestimulation of the brain will be widely used” [Delgado, Jose, “Radio Stimulation of the Brain inPrimates and Man,” New Haven, Connecticut: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1969 ].41 Hehas urged the U.S. government to make “control of the mind” a national goal.42

Another researcher who specialized in brain implants is Dr. Stuart Mackay, who in 1968 penned a textbooktitled BioMedical Telemetry. Mackay reported, “Among the many telemetry instruments being used todayare miniature radio transmitters that can be swallowed, carried externally, or surgically implanted in man oranimal. They permit the simultaneous study of behaviour and physiological functioning. The scope ofobservations is too broad to more than hint at a few examples. The possibilities are limited only by theimagination of the investigator” [Dr. Stuart Mackay, cited in Glenn Krawcyzyk, “Mind Control Techniques and Tactics of

the New World Order,” Nexus, DecJan 1993].43

By 1994, the London Times estimated that in the previous decade there had been 15,000 cases of personsbeing implanted with electronic brain devices. It is impossible to know if the Times estimate is at all accurate,since it is unlikely that they would be privy to statistics of secret testing. Certainly, most antimind controlactivists would say that the figure was a gross underestimate.44

In July 1996, information was released on research currently taking place into creation of a computer chipcalled the “Soul Catcher 2025.” Dr. Chris Winter and a team of scientists at British Telecom’s MartleshamHeath Laboratories, near Ipswich, are developing a chip that, when placed into the skull behind the eye, willrecord all visual and physical sensations, as well as thoughts. According to Winter, “This is the end of death…By combining this information with a record of the person’s genes, we could recreate a person physically,emotionally, and spiritually.” 45

“The brain is so complex that one wouldn’t at the outset think that replacing any of its parts is doable,” said Dr.Howard Eichenbaum, a professor of psychology at Boston University and director of the Laboratory ofCognitive Neurobiology there. But advances in neuroscience and computer engineering have made it possibleto develop implanted circuits that mimic neural activities, he said. “At least in principle, it looks as though a chipimitating some functions of the hippocampus could be implanted in the future,” he said (pic). “It’s a huge, hugeadvance in simply duplicating the functions of the hippocampus, which in many ways Dr. [Theodore W.]Berger, [a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Southern California and the director of theCenter for Neural Engineering there,] has done.” 46

Electrical devices called deep brain stimulators, essentially a pacemaker for thebrain, have been used for some years to ease the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.Now, they’ve just been approved for another degenerative brain disease calleddystonia.… The brain stimulators don’t cure dystonia but…they can give patients abetter quality of life. The beneficial effect has lasted for almost a decade so far in

Parkinson’s patients, and it’s expected the dystonia effect will also be long lasting.47

Cyberkinetics Inc. of Foxboro, Mass., has receivedFood and Drug Administration approval [in 2004] tobegin a clinical trial in which foursquaremillimeter chipswill be placed beneath the skulls of paralyzed patients48

that would enable [them] to control computers directlywith their brains or possibly help them move their limbs.… “Testing these implants in humans is the next step,”said Eberhard E. Fetz, professor at the Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics at the University ofWashington, who has been experimenting with brainsignal devices since the late 1960s. “Within a decade,we’ll see these being used regularly to control prostheticdevices or activate a patient’s own muscles.” 49 At least two other research teams are planning similar brainmachine experiments in people.50

For the first time in humans [2004], a team headed by University researchers has placed an electronic gridatop patients’ brains to gather motor signals that enable the patients to play a computer game using only thesignals from their brains. The use of a grid atop the brain to record the organ’s surface signals is a brainmachine interface technique that uses electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity — data taken invasively directlyfrom the brain surface.… Eric C. Leuthardt, M.D., a WUSTL neurosurgeon at BarnesJewish Hospital, andDaniel Moran, Ph.D., assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the School of Engineering & AppliedScience, performed their research on four adult epilepsy patients who had the grids implanted so thatneurologists could find the area in the brain serving as the focus for an epileptic seizure, with hopes of removingit to avoid future seizures.… “To put this in perspective,” Leuthardt said, “the previous EEGbased x systemsare equivalent to a 1908 Wright brothers airplane in regards to speed of learning to achieve control. Rightnow, with our results, we're flying around in an F16 jet.” 51

Probes implanted in the brain for diagnosis and treatment could be improved with nanoscalecarbon fibers. Biomedical engineer Thomas Webster from Purdue University in West Lafayette,Indiana and colleagues developed a carbon nanofiberreinforced plastic composite to determinewhether it could improve neural and orthopedic prosthetics.

Neural prosthetics, usually made of silicon, can become covered in scar tissue. Orthopedicimplants, usually made of titanium or titanium alloys, often become covered in soft tissue.

Knowing that carbon nanofibers and nanotubes have electrical and mechanical properties thatmight make them suitable for prosthesis, the researchers tested composites of 60odd nanometercarbon nanofibers in polycarbonate urethane. Polycarbonate urethane is already approved forhuman use.

They found that neurons cultured on the nanofiber composite developed neurite extensions, whichare the first step towards axons and a sign that the materials could encourage interactionsessential to neural probes. Additionally, the material had less adhesion to astrocytes, which canimpede neural function by producing scar tissue.

For orthopedic applications, the researchers found that boneforming cells adhered better tocomposites with a high volume of nanofibers but cells that produce soft fibrous tissue stuck lessreadily.

The research is reported in the journal Nanotechnology (read abstract).52

[Related to brain implants are implants that are connected to nerves from different parts ofthe body. Professor Kevin Warwick, for example, had implants inserted into his and hiswife’s arms allowing twoway communication. The results were published in his book, I,Cyborg.]

[Another man, whose arms needed to be amputated,] underwent surgery to graft existingnerve endings from his shoulder onto the pectoral muscle on his chest. Those nerves grew

into the muscle after about six months. Electrodes on the graft can now pick up any thoughtgenerated nerveimpulses to the nowabsent limb and transmit those to [a] mechanical prosthesis, controlling the movements ofthe [“bionic”] arm.53

[The television series Ripley’s Believe it or Not that aired on 5 June 2004 included a segment about Frenchdoctors who implanted a computer chip in a paralyzed man’s abdomin connected to implants in his legs thatallowed him to stand and walk with a walker by means of computer control.]

We are Borg.You will be assimilated.

Resistance is futile.54

Not everyone is thrilled at the prospect of a posthuman future populated by cyborgs, designer children,conscious computers,xi immortals and disembodied minds roaming the Internet.… [Critics] think this could bethe worst calamity to befall us, both as individuals and as a species.xii And they argue we should be takingsteps to prevent it.55

If cyborgs are created with superhuman capabilities from a normal human start point, then it certainly bringsabout a threat to humanity itself. Perhaps the development of direct, militarystyle cyborgs might be possible toavoid. After all, when cyborgs exhibiting an intelligence that far surpasses that of humans are brought about, itwill surely be the cyborgs themselves that make any decisions about how they treat humans.56

[Marvin Minsky, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and pioneer in the field of artificialintelligence,] celebrates a future when humans will be able to “upload” the contents of their brains intocomputers or robot brains.… [Ray Kurzweil] recently called for replacing the body’s often imperfectmolecular blueprint, DNA, with software.… “Transhumanists want to use technology to enhance and fulfillhuman potential,” [James Hughes, executive director of the World Transhumanist Association based inWillington, Conn.,] said. “That’s very hard to do if you die after only 70 years.” 57

“Humanity’s ability to alter its own brain function might well shape history as powerfully as the development ofmetallurgy in the Iron Age,” cognitive neuroscientist Martha Farah and eight coauthors write in a[n]…issue ofNature Reviews Neuroscience.58

i A handful of researchers are plumbing the potential of the bionic eye, including Wheaton, Ill.basedOptobionics Corp., led by Dr. Alan Chow, a pediatric ophthalmologist whose artificial silicon retinas haveslight [sic] improved the vision of the six patients who’ve received them. — Jim Krane (The Associated Press) “Bionic Eye Follows Bionic Ear,” Yahoo! News, 27 May 2002.

ii A small, precise dose of electricity can restore sight to some of the million or so Americans considered legallyblind. For the past few months, two patients have made out doctors in white lab coats, among other things,thanks to a complex apparatus…made by Second Sight, a privately held firm in Santa Clarita, Calif. Thedevice includes a tiny antenna inside the eye and a retinal implant with penciltipsize electrodes that fireelectrical signals directly onto the optic nerves and brain. The resolution is extremely crude because there areonly 16 electrodes, not enough to recognize faces. Second Sight and a consortium of research laboratoriesrecently received a $9 million federal grant to find a way to squeeze 1,000 electrodes onto the array to makethe picture sharper. Powered by an external battery, a mini video camera screwed into a pair of eyeglasses willwirelessly beam images to the array (pic) — all for an estimated cost, including surgery, of $25,000. Scientistsconcede facial recognition may be five to ten years away. So far, Second Sight has reported no negative sideeffects in the two patients undergoing clinical trials. — Aliya Sternstein, “SeeingEye Chip,” Forbes, 14 Oct 2002.

iii A peasized miniature telescope inserted into the eye is showing promise in improving vision for people withmacular degeneration.… Once the telescope is implanted, the eyes no longer work together because the braincannot merge the magnified image in one eye with the normal image in the other eye. The onehour surgeryinvolves removing the eye lens and placing the telescope into the patient’s eye with the poorest vision. The eyetelescope is one of the newest developments in a bionic revolution, in which plastic, metal and polymers areused to create artificial muscles, ears and other organs that researchers hope will improve the quality of life.“There’s no question there will be a tremendous number of advances in the future that will include devices,whether electrical or mechanical, which will enhance the function of our organs,” said Steve Goldstein, aUniversity of Michigan Henry Ruppenthal family professor of orthopedic surgery and bioengineering. — The Associated Press, “Miniature ‘bionic’ eye implant rescues vision,” USA Today, 8 Dec 2003.

iv An implantable chip that can serve as both a prosthetic retina and a drug delivery system has beendeveloped to treat agerelated blindness and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. Created by researchersat the Stanford University School of Medicine in California, the chip communicates chemically rather thanelectrically, using neurotransmitters to stimulate cells.… Because the chip can draw droplets of fluid in as wellas out, it could also enable researchers to take samples in real time, giving them a chemical picture of whatgoes on in living tissues during certain processes. — Gabe Romain, “‘Wet’ Eye Chip Becomes Reality; Uses chemicals to work as artificial retina and drugdelivery system,” BetterHumans, 23 June 2004.

v Physicians of the House Ear Clinic have successfully implanted the first two patients with a PenetratingElectrode Auditory Brainstem Implant (PABI), a revolutionary prosthetic device that is currently in clinicaltrials. The PABI is based on cochlear implant technology, but extends the utility to stimulating the hearingportions of the brain to restore some degree of hearing function to people deafened by bilateral tumors on theirhearing and balance nerves (vestibular schwannomas). The PABI is a modified version of the existing AuditoryBrainstem Implant (ABI) with the addition of an assembly of microelectrodes, designed to penetrate into theauditory portion of the brainstem (cochlear nucleus) and send sound signals to the brain. — “First Successful Use of Penetrating Microelectrodes in Human Brainstem Restores Some Hearing to DeafPatient,” Business Wire, 16 Jan 2004.

vi Be on guard next time you step into the shower. It might not be a regular cockroach watching you on theceiling. It could be a wellheeled voyeur’s spy filming you! — Ron Henderson, trans., “Cockroaches on a secret mission,” Sydsvenska Dagbladet, 18 Jan 1997, athttp://magazine.magnus.se/artikele.asp?artikel=kackerla.

vii The idea that advance in neurotechnology will one day allow us to video our whole lives from somewhereinside our brains throws up all kinds of issues about privacy, about the world being a stage, about how we editand censor our own memories and about how one day someone else may do this job for us. — Lee Marshall, Screen review “The Final Cut,” at http://www.screendaily.com/story.asp?storyid=16330&r=true.

viii Sleep induced by electrical stimulation of the brain is similar to spontaneous sleep. — José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 158.

ix In 1950 the Agency [CIA] tooled up for a battery of mind control experiments on human guinea pigs,underwritten by a network of scientific foundations and academic fronts. Neuropsychiatrists at Tulane, McGill,Yale, UCLA and Harvard, some of them laboring beside Nazi imports, researched the use of brain implants tocontrol behavior.… A monograph written in the 1960s by Dr. Jose Delgado, a Yale psychiatrist hailing fromFranco’s Spain, detailed his experiments on an 11yearold boy with electrodes implanted in his brain. Dr.Delgado stimulated his young subject’s synapses with a radio transmitter at a range of 100 feet. The boy wasimmediately stripped of his sexual identity, reporting that he wasn’t sure if he was a boy or a girl. — Alex Constantine, “Journal Preview; 12/95: The Constantine Report,” athttp://www.mindcontrolforums.com/cnstnws.htm.

x [Operant conditioning is used in the science of electroencephalograph (EEG)based cursor control braincomputer interface (BCI) technologies. By successive training of mu (and beta) brainwaves, a cursor can bemoved on a computer screen just by thinking about it.]

xi According to Moore’s Law, computer power doubles every 18 months, meaning that computers will be amillion times more powerful by 2034. According to Nielsen’s Law of Internet bandwidth, connectivity to thehome grows by 50 percent per year; by 2034, we’ll have 200,000 times more bandwidth. That same year, I’llown a computer that runs at 3PHz CPU speed, has a petabyte (a thousand terabytes) of memory, half anexabyte (a billion gigabytes) of hard diskequivalent storage and connects to the Internet with a bandwidth of aquarter terabit (a trillion binary digits) per second. The specifics may vary: Instead of following currentMoore’s Law trajectories to speed up a single CPU, it’s likely that we’ll see multiprocessors, smart dust andother ways of getting the equivalent power through a more advanced computer architecture.… By 2034, we’llfinally get decent computer displays, with a resolution of about 20,000 pixels by 10,000 pixels (as opposed tothe miserly 2048 pixels by 1536 pixels on my current monitor). Although welcomed, my predictedimprovement factor of 200 here is relatively small; history shows that display technology has the most dismalimprovement curve of any computer technology, except possibly batteries. — Jakob Nielsen, “Thirty years with computers,” News.com, 27 May 2004.

xii [Ethicist Joel Anderson at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri,] points out that it will take time forpeople to accept the technology. “Initially people thought heart transplants were an abomination because theyassumed that having the heart you were born with was an important part of who you are.” — “World’s first brain prosthesis revealed,” NewScientist.com, 12 March 2003.

Endnotes1 Declan McCullagh, “Kurzweil: Rooting for the Machine,” Wired News, 3 Nov 2000.2 José M. R. Delgado, M.D., Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1969), p. 201.3 Cochlear Hearing Implants, “New to Cochlear? Start Here,” athttp://www.cochlearamericas.com/NewToCochlear/new_to_cochlear_index.asp.4 Neil Gross, “Into the wild frontier,” Business Week, 23 June 1997, p. 74.5 E. J. Mundell (Reuters Health), “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor by Thoughts Alone,” Yahoo! News, 30Jan 2002.6 Peter Passaro, “Is it Possible to Download Knowledge into the Brain? Mindmachine interfaces will beavailable in the near future, and several methods hold promise for implanting information,” Better Humans, 16Jan 2004.7 Amanda Onion, “Rat Robots: Scientists Develop RemoteControlled Rats,” ABCNEWS.com, 2 May 2002.8 “Rats Operate Robotic Arm Via Brain Activity,” Science Daily, 23 June 1999.9 “Monkey brain operates machine,” BBC, 15 Nov 2000.10 Rick Weiss, “Monkeys Control Robotic Arm With Brain Implants,” washingtonpost.com, 13 Oct 2003.11 Mundell, “Monkey Moves Computer Cursor.”12 Anne Eisenberg, “Don’t Point, Just Think: The Brain Wave as Joystick,” The New York Times, 28 March2002.13 Paul Eng, “Moving Thoughts: Scientists Study Brain Implants to Control PCs, Artificial Limbs,”ABCNEWS.com, 13 March 2002.14 “Communicating with ‘thought power’,” BBC, 15 Oct 1998.15 Jane Wakefield, “BodyTechnic: New funding for brain implants,” ZDNet UK News, 3 Dec 1998.16 Eng, “Moving Thoughts.”17 Onion, “Rat Robots.”18 “Fishbrained robot at Science Museum,” BBC, 27 Nov 2000.19 “Peepers creepers; Research at the University of Tokyo is investigating ways in which cockroaches with theminicameras can be used to locate vermin or perhaps even survivors of earthquakes,” Time, 27 Jan 1997,149(4), p. 17.20 Raymond Kurzweil, “Accelerated Living,” KurzweilAI.net, 24 Sep 2001; See also Ray Kurzweil,“Accelerated Living,” PC Magazine, 4 Sep 2001.21 Reuters, “RemoteControlled Rats May Hunt Bombs and Bodies,” Yahoo! News, 2 May 2002.22 Tom Clarke, “Here come the Ratbots; Desire drives remotecontrolled rodents,” Nature, 2 May 2002.23 James Meek, “Live rats driven by remote control,” The Guardian, 2 May 2002.24 Dr David Whitehouse, “Looking through cats’ eyes,” BBC News, 11 Oct 1999; See also Garrett B.Stanley, Fei F. Li, and Yang Dan, “Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the LateralGeniculate Nucleus,” The Journal of Neuroscience, 15 Sep 1999, 19(18):80368042.25 Jim Keith, Mass Control: Engineering Human Consciousness (Lilburn, GA: IllumiNet Press, 1999), p.94.26 Jim Keith, Mind Control, World Control (Kempton, IL: Adventures Unlimited Press, 1998), p. 127.27 Keith, Mass Control, pp. 9495.28 Vance Packard, The People Shapers (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1977), p. 45.29 “Brain, Mind, and Altered States of Consciousness,” New Enlightenment.30 Professor Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002), p. 110.31 Keith, Mind Control, p. 127.32 Keith, Mass Control, p. 97.33 Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1988, 1970), p. 194.34 John A. Osmundsen, “‘Matador’ With a Radio Stops Wired Bull,” The New York Times, 17 May 1965,CXIV(39,195), p. 20.35 Jose Delgado, cited in Keith, Mind Control, p. 128.36 Ibidem, pp. 129130.37 Ibidem, p. 130.38 Keith, Mass Control, p. 99.39 Ibidem, p. 100.40 Ibidem, p. 101.41 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 112.42 Packard, People Shapers, p. 4.43 Keith, Mass Control, p. 101.44 Keith, Mind Control, p. 138.45 Ibidem, p. 302.46 Anne Eisenberg, “What’s Next; A Chip That Mimics Neurons, Firing Up the Memory,” The New YorkTimes, 20 June 2002; See also USC Engineering News at http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/bergerNYT.47 “Brain ‘Pacemaker’ Helps Alleviate Symptoms Of Dystonia; Disease Makes Patients Stiffen Up So MuchThey Lose Mobility,” wnbc.com, 21 July 2003.48 Justin Pope (The Associated Press), “FDA Approves Human Brain Implant Devices,” Yahoo! News, 14April 2004.49 Jeffrey Krasner, “Approval sought to test brain implant; Neuronfired device would aid paralyzed people,state firm says,” boston.com, 6 Nov 2003.50 Ronald Kotulak, “I, CYBORG,” Chicago Tribune, 1 Aug 2004.51 Tony Fitzpatrick, “Thought control: Human subjects play real mind games,” Record, 25 June 2004.52 “Nanoscale Fibers Could Improve Neural Implants,” BetterHumans, 11 Dec 2003.53 “Brain waves drive man’s bionic arm,” CNN.com, 25 Sep 2003.54 Star Trek, television series.55 Margie Wylie (Religion News Service), “Transhumanists put their faith in technology,” Chicago Tribune, 28May 2004.56 Warwick, I, Cyborg, p. 239.57 Wylie, “Transhumanists.”58 Tom Siegfried, “Creating brain boosters demands smart approach,” DallasNews.com, 6 June 2004.

Physical control of themind;

Jose Manuel Rodrig...

Best Price $80.00or Buy New

Privacy Information

Mass Control

Jim Keith

Best Price $8.52or Buy New $12.62

Privacy Information

Mind Control, WorldControl

Jim Keith

Best Price $5.98or Buy New $11.85

Privacy Information

The People Shapers

Vance Oakley Packa...

Best Price $0.01or Buy New

Privacy Information

Future Shock

Alvin Toffler

Best Price $0.01or Buy New $7.19

Privacy Information

See also

Kevin Crosby, "Brain Implants," Tinfoil Hat, at http://skewsme.com/tinfoilhat/chapter/brainimplants/ (retrieved: 26March 2013).The work of Jose Delgado, a pioneering starBrainmachine interface: Can thoughts control machines?Microchip Implants, Mind Control, and Cybernetics by RauniLeena LuukanenKilde, MD Former Chief MedicalOfficer of Finland December 6, 2000, athttp://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/microchip_implants_mind_control.htm (referenced: 28 November2009).CIA Mind ControlBrain implant timelineGeorge Orwell Meets the Matrix (timeline)George Orwell Meets the Matrix by Maureen FarrellPercutaneous pedestalCortical implantsNeural ComputersManchurian Candidate (2004)Neuroprosthesis Research OrganizationW. Ross Ashby’s “An Introduction to Cybernetics”OpenEEG projectKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, ConditioningKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Hypnotism in WarfareKevin Crosby, SkewsMe.com, Cloning

Cochlear and ocular implant videos:

MSNBCSeattle PostIntelligencerCBS

Lamprey cyborg video:

TechTV

Rat cyborg audio:

BBC

Remotecontrolled rat video:

BBC

Primate Research Could Lead to Robotic Prosthetic (audio) (29 Oct 2004):

NPR

Wilder Penfield brain maps

Lamprey cyborg

Remotecontrolled cockroach

Remotecontrolled rat

Examples of guided rat navigation using brain microstimulation. Sketches are constructed fromdigitized video recordings. Red dots indicate rat head positions at 1s intervals; green dots indicatepositions at which reward stimulations were administered to the medial forebrain bundle (MFB); bluearrows indicate positions at which right (R) and left (L) directional cues were issued; black arrowsindicate positions 0.5 s after directional commands. a, Route followed by a rat guided through a slalomcourse. Inset, detail of the events that took place inside the dashed enclosure. b, Route taken by a ratguided over a threedimensional obstacle course. The animal was instructed to climb a vertical ladder,cross a narrow ledge, descend a flight of steps, pass through a hoop and descend a steep (70º) ramp.Two rounds of highdensity MFB stimulation were required to guide the rat successfully down the ramp,demonstrating the motivational qualities of MFB stimulation.— Sanjiv K. Talwar, Shaohua Xu, Emerson S. Hawley, Shennan A. Weiss, Karen A. Moxon & John K.Chapin, “Behavioural neuroscience: Rat navigation guided by remote control,” Nature, 417, 3738(2002).

Canadian and German researchers havegrown snail nerve cells on a microchip andshowed the cells have memory and cancommunicate. The researchers say thismelding of machine and biology has awiderange of potential applications.— “Calgary scientist grows brain cells onmicrochip,” CBC News, 1 March 2004.

A bright yellow sl ime mould that can grow toseveral metres in diameter has been put in chargeof a scrabbling, sixlegged robot. The Physarumpolycephalum slime, which naturally shies awayfrom light, controls the robot's movement so that ittoo keeps out of light and seeks out dark places inwhich to hide itself. They grew slime in a sixpointed star shape on top of a circuit and connectedit remotely, via a computer, to the hexapod bot.Any light shone on sensors mounted on top of therobot were used to control light shone onto one ofthe six points of the circuitmounted mould – each

corresponding to a leg of the bot. As the slime tried to get away from thelight its movement was sensed by the circuit and used to control one of therobot's six legs. The robot then scrabbled away from bright lights as amechanical embodiment of the mould.— Will Knight, “Robot moved by slime mould’s fears,” NewScientist, 13 Feb2006.

The Pentagon's defence scientists want to createan army of cyberinsects that can be remotelycontrolled.… The idea is to insert microsystemsat the pupa stage, when the insects can integratethem into their body.… The foreign objects itsuggests to be implanted are specific microsystems Mems which, when the insect is fullydeveloped, could allow it to be remotelycontrolled or sense certain chemicals, includingthose in explosives.… The new scheme is abrainwave of the Defence Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (Darpa), which is tasked withmaintaining the technological superiority of the USmilitary.… The invasive surgery could "enableassemblyline like fabrication of hybrid insectMems interfaces", Darpa says.… Darpa wasfounded in 1958 to keep US military technologyahead of Cold War rivals.— BBC News, 16 March 2006

A m i c r o s c o p i c v i ew o f r a tneurons growing on a mult ielectrode array in a petri dishtrained to pilot a virtual F22fighter jet.See: Neural Computers.

Comments

Enter your comment here

Comment Html Comment Box

(Showing 1 to 10)

www.skewsme.com/implants.html

How to Do Meditation?silentjourney.com

Discover the easiest way to meditate in minutes

(Oct 22, 2012) Michael J. Williams said:

see the book "THE FREEDOM CHIP" on Amazon.com for a fictional yet realistic look at the issue of theimplementation of human microchip implantation program in the near future.

(Dec 29, 2011) uneven state fair said:

"strange to be"'s comments are inaccurate. especially those about other people. the comments should be erasedand stb should apologize to everyone.

(Oct 13, 2011) Kieron Perrin said:

Here's your proof:

chroniclesofamindcontroltarget.blogspot.com

(July 19, 2011) Anonymous said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site:sites.google.com/site/controlemental/home that deals with the physical control of the mind so scientific andobjective.

(July 19, 2011) Nuatan said:

It is no longer necessary to use electrodes to monitor brain function at a distance. After Delgado's experiments inthe 1950s, began to use a model for EEG biometrics at a distance that allows the individuation and activation ofmental functions to different individuals, and distance, without electrodes. Details are on this site that deals withthe physical control of the mind so scientific and objective.

(July 4, 2011) Sirius said:

A Fascist Regime exist guilty of carnying out Experiments on Humans using brain implants to interfere with themind to mind control follow Twitter as @Siriushc / Bizeso as Hiten / prefspot as Hiten Chudasama & readmy pdf files and blogs Fascsim1.blogspot.com

(July 3, 2011) strange_to_pee said:

Only those in control know how many people have microchip brain implants. The rest are left wondering.Maybe research subjects are just those that experience symptoms, maybe everybody has or will have implants.Maybe some cities have it more than others, as those operating implants experiment with plans of gradual, totalsurveillance and domination. Maybe just human brains are implanted, maybe some animals. The chips seem tosuppress discussion or media representation of brain implants. Most people don't know this is happening, andrefuse to believe it if one tells them. I wonder if the implants are only used to address crime in special situations,and if they will gradually address more crime and punish more people. It is important that those operating the implants are tripped out by existence. If they think it is normal and don'tallow for open, existentially shocked brains, then the chips will take away the most natural antidote to mania andleast prejudiced feelings of truth. From my experience, it seems that the designers of implants are smart enoughto be at least somewhat tripped out, though they could always be more so. I've listed a few symptoms of implants, but I've experienced more and there are probably many more.

(June 14, 2011) strange to be said:

My life has been endangered in many ways because of my involuntary microchip brain implant. It's not fair thatthis should happen to me. The chip is still making me manic by transmitting language and making me paranoidabout my safety. I forget to breathe while it talks to me. It sometimes produces a dot of light in my eye, pulsingpains in my body, ringing in my ears, fake smells, the sensation that bugs are flying into my nose (one time Iwalked all night because of this), or grinding electrode like feelings in pinpointed places in my head. In order toavoid mania, I listen to ambient sound, pretend that my chin is above my visioninmyhead (causing blood toflow in the top of my head and making me feel tall and 'cool'; the chip calls this posture I invented "professoremeritus"), or trip out about how intensely strange it is to be in this incomparable realm of existence. If more people knew that this inhumane torture is going on, maybe it would stop. If it doesnt stop, the chips havethe potential to stop crime altogether and reduce the number of people in prisons. The chips will probablyoperate differently at different times in history, and will probably determine the course of history to come. Peopleimplanted early in the history will probably be the most tortured, because it is unknown where it is coming fromand victims may be unprotected. I hope I live to see what happens to this technology.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

Why do most people not know about brain implants? Why is this page one of the few sources of information onbrain implants? Is it because those that implement implants suppress public knowledge of them, or is it becausepeople naturally resist knowing that implants are really happening? Probably both. The less people that have or know about involuntary implants, the easier it is for those that control the implantsto get away with whatever they want.

(June 4, 2011) strange_to_be said:

The more people have brain implants, the more society seems totalitarian. But also more implants means themore witnesses/resistance to totalitarian uses of the implants. If more people have state/police controlledimplants, then these state/police implants will have to become less abusive and will be kept in line by a knowingpublic, and also police will be pressured to stop subversive/unlawful implants (i wonder if police use implants tocounteract renegade implants, or if they even bother to stop them). Today, it is unclear whether police have brain implants under control. The use of psychiatry to silence implantvictims (to call them crazy and deny any existence of brain implants) obscures how many people have policedimplants and/or renegade implants. The effect of an implant partially depends on society being ignorant and the individual being alone with theknowledge of the reality of the implant. I think that the public will stay ignorant as long as possible, since it wouldbe a crisis to realize that implants are among us. Those in control of implants seem to be avoiding crisis bygradually making the public aware of implants, in a controlled process. Of course, as a victim of police implants,I hope that people soon wake up to the fact that brain implants are happening and resist totalitarian surveillanceor control uses of the implants. It is up to the individual to protect the domain of their brain from being totally usurped by an implant. This isdone mostly through ignorance of the implant, since fighting it is losing to it. Implants can seem charismatic whenthey interact with your brain; it is important to remember that implants do not give good advice, they cant totallyread thoughts since it is only interpretation and not immediacy, and that they are not friends, they are healthhazards. How can there be lawful implants? It may be complicated why somebody is implanted, but involuntaryimplantation for research purposes should be unlawful. Just b/c something is made doesnt mean it has to beused. Even implantation as a punishment should be unlawful. But if this torture is done, the victim must beprotected from becoming an easy target. Police should avoid controlling the victim and make it clear thatsomething external to the body is responsible for whatever is being done to the body. That way the victim canrecover their individuality after being confronted with the extremities of having an implant.

Generated with www.html-to-pdf.net Page 16 / 16