stormwater cost effectiveness 140604
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Stormwater Cost-Effectiveness & The James
Adrienne KotulaJune 4, 2014
Protecting America’s Founding River
Five Core Programs:• James RIVERKEEPER® • Education• Outreach• Watershed Restoration• River Advocacy
Initial Estimates
Source: Virginia Senate Finance Committee, November 18, 2011
Cost-Effectiveness Study
• In-depth investigation of costs• Review all urban practices• Costs & Pollutant Removal• Case Study in City of Richmond
Methodology• 33 Chesapeake Bay Program Approved & Unapproved Practices
•Review Pollution Removal Efficiencies•Approved by Chesapeake Bay Program•If unapproved, relied on current research
•Considered 20-Year Life Cycle Costs including:•Design & Construction•Land Values & Financing•Operations & Maintenance
Most Cost-Effective Practices: Nitrogen
• Pet waste programs: $ 1.36/lb• IDDE /sewer repair: $ 8.73/lb• IDDE /cross connections: $ 13.51/lb• Forest buffers: $100.31/lb• Urban stream restoration: $226.67/lb
Most Cost-Effective Practices: Phosphorus
• Pet waste programs: $10.43 /lb• IDDE /sewer repair: $34.94 /lb• IDDE/cross connections: $54.05 /lb• Urban stream restoration: $666.69/lb• Forest buffers: $1,230.76/lb
Most Cost-Effective Practices:Total Suspended Solids
• Urban stream restoration: $0.83/lb• IDDE /sewer repair: $0.87/lb• Urban growth reduction: $2.64/lb• Retrofit of existing dry pond (conversion to wet
pond or wetland): $3.89/lb• Vegetated open channels
(A/B soils, no underdrain): $4.50/lb
Case Study• City of Richmond• Stormwater Permit Reductions Used• Local Data Used:
– GIS layers to determine BMP feasibility– Local BMP Constraints– Input locally derived costs, where available
Case StudyThree Scenarios Developed:
1. Old CBP Approved Practices, Limited Constraints
2. New CBP Approved Practices, City Constraints Used
3. All Practices, City Constraints Used
Key Findings
*Scenario 2 does not meet pollution reduction targets
Initial Estimates Scenario 1 Scenario 2* Scenario 3$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$305
$89 $68 $62
City of Richmond Stormwater Pollution Reduction Costs through 2025 (in millions)
Key Findings
• Continued Research on Practices is Vital:– New Urban Nutrient Management Standard
Approved– New Stream Restoration Standard Recommended– Currently Being Reviewed:
• Enhanced Erosion & Sediment Control• Shoreline Erosion• Illicit Discharge Detection & Elimination
Key Findings
• Additional BMP Benefits should be quantified– Public Health/ Safety– Public Education– Recreation– Neighborhood Beautification– Urban Heat Island – Carbon Footprint– Wildlife Habitat– Stream Habitat– Flood Control
Future Considerations
• Local Practice Inventories Needed• Sustainable Funding Sources• Capital Improvement Planning• Private Property Incentives
