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Stimulate Student Learning using PowerPoint Games
Table of Contents
Session Pre-Requisites .................................................................................................................. i
About the Workshop ..................................................................................................................... i
Workshop Objectives .................................................................................................................... i
Current Research ......................................................................................................................... 1
Factors to Consider when Preparing a Game ................................................................................ 2
Game Types ................................................................................................................................. 2
Alternative Activity (no software required) .................................................................................. 2
Demonstration 1: Q&A Games .........................................................................................................................3
Jeopardy ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Demonstration 2: Classroom Response System ...............................................................................................6
Setting up the Receivers .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Setting up the Database ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Inserting a Question ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Integrating PowerPoint with CRS ................................................................................................................................. 8
Creating On the Spot Questions ................................................................................................................................. 11
Using the Chalkboard ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Viewing Reports ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
References ................................................................................................................................. 14
Further Readings on Educational Games ...................................................................................................... 14
Sample Games and Simulation ...................................................................................................................... 14
Game Show References ................................................................................................................................. 14
Bloom’s Taxonomy - Levels of Knowledge .................................................................................... ii
Activity: Improving Questions ...................................................................................................... ii
Questions & Answer Review Game ............................................................................................. iii
Hands-on Activities ..................................................................................................................... iv
Activity #1: Designing your Game board ......................................................................................................... iv
Activity #2: Adding Interactivity ...................................................................................................................... iv
Activity #3: Setting Up Classroom Clickers ...................................................................................................... iv
Activity #4: Adding Questions to CRS Application ........................................................................................... iv
Activity# 5: Reflections .................................................................................................................................... iv
i Stimulate Student Learning through PowerPoint Games Charina Ong Educational Technologist Centre for Development of Teaching and Learning
Session Pre-Requisites In order to fully maximize the benefits of this workshop, participants are expected to have the following pre-requisite knowledge and skills:
• Basic computing skills • Familiarity with Powerpoint XP, 2003, or its equivalent
About the Workshop Have you ever found yourself standing in front of your class and wondering what in the world is going on in the minds of your students? Many times, when we ask our students if they have questions on the lecture, they will not give you any response or the ones who are staring at the screen look down when they notice you are looking at their direction. Student motivation and engagement are an ongoing challenge for classroom instructors. A substantial body of literature indicates that the use of non-traditional interventions, such as games, simulations, multimedia instruction and interactive activities are valuable teaching methods. These tools encourage active learning, collaboration and interactivity (Reuben, 1999). Participation in an activity requires the use of content by the learner; thus ensuring students are working with the ideas that are being taught, and applying them.
This workshop will provide participants with hands-on experience on the creation of different interactive games using PowerPoint. The session will also introduce the use of clickers where students can electronically submit their answer to a question posed to the class. Students register their answer by pressing the appropriate button, and the computer records their response. A report is generated showing histogram of responses which instructors can show to the whole class, or save it as an Excel file for grading purposes.
Workshop Objectives By the end of this workshop, participants should be able to:
• Relate significance of research findings on the use of games to student learning • Identify games that may be useful for learning • Create simple interactive games in PowerPoint
1 Stimulate Student Learning through PowerPoint Games Charina Ong Educational Technologist Centre for Development of Teaching and Learning
Current Research
Reuben, 1999 Speck 1996
Using activities and games in class encourages active learning, as well as collaboration, and interactivity
Schwartzman, 1997 Millis & Cottell, 1998 Franklin, Peat, & Lewis, 2003
Games provide structure for interactions, reward students for collaborating and problem solving, and promote cooperative learning, individual accountability, positive interdependence, and the need for group processing and feedback It also provides a way to reach and engage students who may have a variety of learning styles.
Cruickshank & Telfer, 2001 Games promote transfer because they require student participation and active involvement with the material within a rich context. Creating opportunities for students to practice applying the material, such as in a game or simulation, can bridge the distance between learning concepts presented in a classroom and using that information to solve a problem met outside of the school.
Ang and Rao 2003
While players can learn by trial and error, as well as stimulus association, which is behavioral but once a player has understood the basic rules and concepts of game, he/she will think cognitively how they should respond in a new situation, thus actively updating existing knowledge to fit what is newly confronted in the game environment.
Gagne et al, 1992 Gagne-Brigg’s theory of Instruction Design proposes that learning occurs when the learner acquires the capability to do something. It classifies learned capabilities in five categories: (1) verbal information (2) intellectual skills (3) cognitive strategy (4) attitudes (5) motor skills
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Factors to Consider when Preparing a Game 1. What is your purpose? 2. What level of learning do you hope to achieve? 3. What game format will you use? What are the possible advantages/disadvantages? 4. What are the available resources? 5. How will you determine the appropriate subject matter? 6. How will you prepare the participants? 7. What materials are needed? 8. How will you assess it?
Game Types Game Type Class Size Knowledge Level Grouping Logistical
Requirements Q&A Games – Jeopardy! – Who wants to be
a millionaire? – Wheel of Fortune – 1 vs. 100
Small - large group (Tutorial, lecture class)
Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis
Individual/Team (2-5 students)
Review questions Buzzer Laptop Scorer/ Scoring board CRS receiver & remote Guide questions for discussions
Simulation Game – Role playing
game – Case problem
Small group (Tutorial)
Application Analysis Synthesis
Individual/Team
Laptop per group Guide questions for discussions
Alternative Activity (no software required) Game Type Class Size Knowledge Level Grouping Logistical
Requirements Problem Based Learning
Small group (Tutorial)
Application Analysis Synthesis
Individual/Team (2-5 students)
Activity sheet with problem/scenario Guide questions for discussions
Scaffolding
Small group (Tutorial)
Application Analysis Synthesis
Individual/Team Activity sheet with specific instructions and deadline
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Demonstration 1: Q&A Games Q&A game is a popular activity used to conduct academic reviews. It offers an opportunity for students to enjoy themselves while reviewing for an exam. According to research, engaging a class in enjoyable learning can improve the atmosphere of the class, reduce students' stress during review, and allow students to cooperate and relate with each other. Various game shows can be applied in playing this game. Some of these include Jeopardy, Who wants to be a Millionaire?, Bingo, 1 vs. 100, Who Am I?,etc.
Jeopardy Jeopardy is an interactive game which can be played by individual or teams. It has a unique answer and question format which students must phrase their responses in the form of a question. The complexity of each question increases as the points or dollar value increases. If a student team answers incorrectly, incompletely, or exceeds the time limit to answer, other teams may answer the question. The level of friendly competition combined with the rapid pace of the game encourages students to learn better.
This type of game is recommended for recalling of concepts, comprehension, application and analysis. However, if you are targeting higher order thinking skills, it is recommended to provide scenarios, case studies, or problem sets where students can practice critical thinking.
Designing the Game Board
1. Open jeopardy_template.ppt file from the desktop. 2. The file contains four slides (title, rules, game board, and question slide).
3. Go to the third slide- Game Board. 4. Think of three categories related to the subject you are teaching. Name each of the categories with
an appropriate title.
Title slide
Rules of the Game
Game board
Question slide
4 Stimulate Student Learning through PowerPoint Games Charina Ong Educational Technologist Centre for Development of Teaching and Learning
5. Enter value points a player can earn when they answered the question correctly.
Diagnosis Manifestations Nursing/DX Medical/PC
5 points 5 points 5 points 5 points
10 points 10 points 10 points 10 points
20 points 20 points 20 points 20 points
6. Go to the fourth slide- Question. 7. Type each question per slide. The level of difficulty should increase as the points increase. 8. Press CTRL + S to save your work.
Adding Links Once you have entered all the questions to the slide presentation, you can now add links to allow users to jump from one slide to another. This feature can be used to add commands to the navigation buttons, and provide user feedback whether the students answered the questions correctly or not.
1. Go to the first slide of your presentation. You can see three buttons namely Rules, Play and Quit. 2. Click the Rules button and select Action from the Insert tab.
3. On the Mouse click tab, click the circle beside Hyperlink to, and then choose Slide.
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4. From the Hyperlink to Slide dialog box, choose the slide number where the game will bring you. Select the second slide- Rules of the Game, and then click OK.
5. On the Mouse over tab, you have the option to add a sound or specify highlight when mouse over. 6. Click on the box beside Play sound and choose an audio file. You may specify your own audio clip by
choosing Other sounds.
7. Click on the box beside Highlight When Mouse Over.
8. Click OK. 9. Press CTRL + S to save your work. 10. Press F5 key to run the presentation and click the appropriate button to test the link.
6 Stimulate Student Learning through PowerPoint Games Charina Ong Educational Technologist Centre for Development of Teaching and Learning
Demonstration 2: Classroom Response System
The Classroom Response System is a new tool faculty can use to engage students in the classroom. Each student is given a CRS pad or better known as "clicker" device in order to respond to questions asked either verbally or on screen. The receiver connects directly to the faculty computer's USB port. When students submit their responses, the system generates a report in a form of a graphical chart and can be saved as an Excel file for grading purposes.
This is best used when you want to get immediate response from your students. Instructors can easily find out if everyone understood the lesson or if there are misconceptions that need to be clarified.
Examples of game with CRS application include Who Wants to be a Millionaire? and 1 vs. 100. These games can be played by individual or team. All students can participate even they take the role of the player or the audience. Please refer to the following sites to learn more about these games:
1. Who wants to be a millionaire? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-mk6g5-9IQ
2. 1 vs. 100 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VV1rK46GbgE
Setting up the Receivers 1. Double click on CPS for PowerPoint found on your desktop. 2. When you open up your presentation, you should see an additional tab labeled as the CPS in the
PowerPoint toolbar. This workspace gives you an overview of all the features available in CPS.
3. Click on the Delivery Options to set up the receiver. 4. From the Receiver tab, click Detect CPS Receiver. Once detected, you will get all options set up and
the Base channel should be captured. 5. Click OK to complete the detection.
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Setting up the Database
1. From the CPS for PowerPoint tab, choose Open CPS Database and then select Open Database.
2. Browse for the database file. Use the CPS file given to you by the CIT administrator while collecting your clickers.
3. Click on Classes to verify if you have the clickers properly assigned to your students. Key in the student information such as the first name and last name.
4. Click Save to update the changes made to the database.
Inserting a Question
1. From the CPS tab, click Insert Question and choose a question type (True/False, Multiple Choice, Yes/No, Numeric).
2. Selecting a question type will automatically create a slide for you.
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3. Type a statement or question in the area that says Enter question here. 4. Next is to indicate the correct answer. You can see two x marks beside the answer choices. Click the
x mark to convert it to a mark.
5. Press CTRL + S to save your work.
Integrating PowerPoint with CRS When you have finished all questions in PowerPoint, the next question you might have in mind is how to integrate your presentation to the CRS device. When you deliver the questions in class, you can opt to use the verbal or chalkboard feature of CRS.
1. Open your presentation with the prepared questions. 2. Go to the Slide show mode (use F5) to do a presentation play back. 3. In the Session options dialog box, type a title under the Session Title. 4. Choose a category from Session Category list. 5. If you would like to grade the questions, then key in the Maximum points. 6. Check the Create Attendance from this Assessment if you would like to track the numbers of
students attended, and if you want to include the attendance in the gradebook.
7. Click OK when done.
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8. When the first question then displays on screen, click on Engage.
9. Click the Start button located at the bottom left of the screen.
10. A new window appears containing the question, time, students, etc.
11. Click the End button when you are done and on the Close x button when you are ready to move to
the next question.
Students holding the clickers
Allotted time to answer the question
Response indicator (to know who among the students have submitted their answers)
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12. Click the Chart icon to see how many answered the question correctly.
13. The chart appears on screen showing with the number of respondents, correct answer, etc.
14. Click the Close button.
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Creating On the Spot Questions Another feature of the CRS is that it allows an instructor to create on the spot activities whether he/she decides to do it verbally or using the chalkboard feature in CRS. The chalkboard requires classroom setup to have Wacom where they could write their answers or create illustrations.
1. Open an existing lecture material created in PowerPoint and press F5 to start the slide show. 2. Click Verbal and choose the question type (true/false, yes/no, multiple choice, numeric).
3. A presentation slide appears on screen. For example a scenario, problem, or case with different choices of answers.
4. Click the Start button to begin presenting to class. Ask students to key in their answers. 5. Click the End button when done. 6. A chart appears on the screen displaying how many responded. Specify the correct answer in the
Correct Answer list.
7. Click Close. 8. Click the x button to close the Question window.
Choose the correct answer
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Using the Chalkboard 1. Open an existing lecture material created in PowerPoint and press F5 to start the slide show. 2. Go to the slide where to want to have a review, and click the Chalkboard button. 3. A blank screen appears where you can write down the question, equation, or draw an illustration.
You may also import an image to the chalkboard using the Import Image button found in the toolbox.
4. Click the Start button to begin presenting it to class. Ask students to key in their answer. 5. Click the End button when done. 6. A chart appears on the screen displaying how many responded. Specify the correct answer in the
Correct Answer list.
7. Click Close. 8. Click the x button to close the Question window.
Choose the correct answer
Chalkboard tools
Import image
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Viewing Reports
1. From the CPS tab, click Reports. A reports dialog box with list of sessions will be made available. 2. Choose the required session and click on the Charting option to create charts for the selected
session.
3. You can also choose multiple questions to see comparisons between one or more questions. Use the Show correct option to show legend colours for the bars.
4. You can use the Raw Responses to export the data to an Excel document for further analysis. 5. You may also specify a report that you want to be generated. From the CPS tab, click Generate. This
will give you a PDF file which you can show to students as to how they are performing in class.
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References Further Readings on Educational Games
1. Using Games: The learners point of view http://www.teachertube.com/view_video.php?viewkey=40c570a322f1b0b65909
2. Games in Education http://www.seriousgames.org/
3. Application of Bloom's Taxonomy http://www.fctl.ucf.edu/TeachingAndLearningResources/CourseDesign/BloomsTaxonomy/index.php http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/researchskills/Dalton.htm#Comprehension
4. Description and Evaluation of an Interactive Jeopardy Game Designed to Foster Self-Assessment http://www.nova.edu/cwis/centers/hpd/allied-health/journal/articles/vol3num4/Bender-printer_version.pdf
5. The Big Book of Presentation Games Edward Scannell and John Newstrom NUS Library
6. Games and Simulations in Online Learning : Research and Development Frameworks David Gibson, Clark Aldrich and Marc Prensky NUS Library
7. Design your own Games and Activities : Thiagi's Templates for Performance Improvement Sivasailam (Thiagi) Thiagarajan with Raja Thiagarajan NUS Library
Sample Games and Simulation - http://nobelprize.org/educational_games - http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/index.php?cat=Featured_Sims - http://web.centre.edu/econed/Pages/active.htm - http://www.aug.edu/~sbajmb/paper-games.pdf - http://www.decisionwaresim.com/products_magnus_overview.php - http://www.fun-motion.com/list-of-physics-games - http://www.decisionwaresim.com/products_magnus_overview.php
Game Show References 1. Who wants to be a millionaire?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-mk6g5-9IQ
2. Jeopardy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgpfeeaJ4Tg&feature=related
3. 1 vs. 100 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VV1rK46GbgE
4. Wheel of Fortune http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZfCI9W2b_0&feature=related
Bloom’s Taxonomy - Levels of Knowledge Level Description Subcategories Sample Question Teaching/Learning
Methods Suggested Class Activity Suggested Assessment Method
Remembering Recalling information
Recognizing Recalling
Who, what, when, where, how? Describe Define Enumerate
Lecture, memorization, readings, podcast, video, web information
Q&A, recitations, jeopardy-like games, timelines, fact sheets,
Exam items of the form: define, label, list, reproduce
Understanding Determining the meaning of info Knowing how to explain ideas or concepts
Interpreting Exemplifying Classifying Summarizing Inferring Comparing Explaining
Classify… Illustrate… Explain… Describe… Summarize… Give Examples
Readings, graphic organizers, demonstration, discussion
Q&A, 1 minute paper, presentations or demonstrations within small group, think-pair-share
Exam items of the form: describe, explain, summarize, identify or select Student presentation for instructor or evaluator
Applying Using info in a context different from the one in which it was learned
Executing Implementing Demonstrating Solving
How is... related to...? Why is... significant?
Demonstrate problem solving (case studies, methods, procedures, scenario, application of theories)
Q&A, peer reviewing, giving worksheets & case studies, writing journal, video demonstrations with self evaluation
Exam items of the form: apply, use, solve, demonstrate Problem set/case studies Student presentation for instructor or evaluator
Analyzing Breaking information into parts for better understanding
Differentiating Organizing Attributing Comparing Examining Criticizing
What are the parts or features of...? Classify... according to... Outline/diagram... How does ... compare/ contrast with...? What evidence can you list for...?
Case studies, simulations, discussions, labs, graphic organizers
Q&A, student presentation within small group, graphic organizers
Exam items of the form: analyze, compare, distinguish, examine, test (take home/online/f2f) Reflection papers, portfolio, essays, student presentations
Evaluate Making decisions based on in-depth reflection, criticism & assessment of information
Checking and Critiquing Assessing Interpreting Justifying Criticizing
Do you agree...? What is the most important...? Place the ff in order of priority How would you decide about...? What criteria would you use to assess...?
Demonstrate process for evaluating research reports based on criteria, Case studies (discussions on appropriateness of procedures, results) Debate
Q&A, 1 minute paper, Case studies with small group discussions, debate
Exam items of the form: evaluate, argue, assess, defend, judge, predict, rate, support Student presentations
Create Generating new ideas and information using what has been learned
Generating Planning Producing Revising Proposing
What ideas can you add to...? How would you create/design a new? What might happen if you combine..? What solutions would you suggest for...?
Research/lab, plan development, multiple case studies, interviews with experts
Q&A, 1 minute paper, small group discussions, small group presentations
Exam items of the form: develop, plan, propose, construct, design, formulate, create, assemble portfolio, design and build a model, create a work of art, student presentations
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Activity: Improving Questions Using the test questions that you bring, please do the following tasks:
1. Identify the level of knowledge used in the test question 2. Convert it to a higher order thinking question.
Current Question Current Level of Knowledge Revised Question Revised Level of Knowledge
*You may use the Bloom’s Taxonomy chart provided in the handout to help you with the keywords.
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Questions & Answer Review Game
Category Score Question Answer 1-
1-
1-
2-
2-
2-
3-
3-
3-
iv Stimulate Student Learning through PowerPoint Games Charina Ong Educational Technologist Centre for Development of Teaching and Learning
Hands-on Activities
Activity #1: Designing your Game board 1. Select three questions from your Jeopardy worksheet and bring them to your PowerPoint
presentation. Enter one question per slide. 2. Add the rules/mechanics of the game in slide 2 (optional)
Activity #2: Adding Interactivity 1. Add links to the play and quit buttons.
- The Play button should bring you to the game board slide – The Quit button should end the presentation
2. Add links to the Game Board. - Add links to the value points. The link should bring you to the corresponding question category - When the student clicks the button labeled “game board”, PPT should bring the user back to the
Game Board slide 3. Run a slide show to test the game board functionality.
Activity #3: Setting Up Classroom Clickers 1. Import the database file provided.
2. Enter student information.
3. Set the delivery options (when you have the receiver).
Activity #4: Adding Questions to CRS Application 1. Add 3 questions to CRS Application.
- Multiple choice - Yes or no - True or false
2. Set the correct answers to your test questions.
3. Run a slide show to test its functionality.
4. View statistical report.
Activity# 5: Reflections 1. Discuss with your colleague teaching the same subject other games that can:
- Be useful in teaching - Improve student learning