stiesdal © stiesdal 2015, all rights reserved 1 how viable energy storage may change the game...
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Stiesdal
© Stiesdal 2015, All Rights Reserved 1
How Viable Energy StorageMay Change the Game
Henrik Stiesdal, 22.09.15
Stiesdal
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The days of the waterbed reference are over …
Politiken, 25.08.89 - Det var osse meget sjovere, dengang vi selv producerede varmen….
Miljøminister Lone Dybkjær oplyser, at de vandsenge, der findes rundt om i Danmarks sovekamre, bruger lige så meget strøm, som alle danske vindmøller fremstiller
Stiesdal
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Wind power share of load in Denmark
2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320140%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%
Win
d po
wer
shar
e of
load
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Production and load, last week
Source: EMD
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It happens even during the windiest month
Source: Energinet
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Stability is not the problem
Wind: 3.660 MWLoad: 3.186 MWShare: 115%
Exp: 2.127 MWImp: 347 MW
Source: Energinet
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Price is one of the problems
-20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140%0
5
10
15
20
25
30f(x) = 41.876628274 x⁴ − 120.72878102 x³ + 103.94871366 x² − 42.539726205 x + 30.200536332
Elpris, spot
Vindkraftandel
Elpr
is, sp
ot, ø
re/k
Wh
Source: Energinet
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Politics is another problem
Source: Energinet
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The solution: Domestic storage of electricity
Photo credit: University of Maine
Thermal storage charging• Excess electricity is used to
drive heat pump which heats stone bed to 600 deg.C.
• In reality with heat exchangers• Predicted COP = 125%
Thermal storage discharging• Heat is used to generate
steam for conventional thermal power plant
• HRSG can replace boiler• Predicted efficiency 42%
Source: Ingeniøren
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System deliveries at wind production = 100% of load
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 960%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
AndetLagerVind
Tid over året (%)
Kum
uler
et a
ndel
af p
rodu
ktion
Storage capacity needed: 0.5 – 1.0 Bn kWh
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Potential penetration and costs, 2025
40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160%0%
20%40%60%80%
100%120%140%160%
0246810121416
Vindkraftandel Samlet merpris
Vindkraftproduktion i forhold til forbrug
Nett
o vi
ndkr
aftan
del
Mer
pris
i for
hold
til 2
014
mar
keds
pris
[mia
.kr.]
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A different approach based on some key observations
The green transformation is moving rapidly on electricity• 39% wind in 2014• 45% wind during H1 2015• Nobody notices!
The implication• Not noticing facilitates transformation
In transportation …• You would notice with your private car• You cannot with truck transportation
The green transformation is more questionable on transportation
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We have been using biomass in transportation before
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We need liquid fuels – with a twist
Principles
• Gasify biomass (plant material) and synthetic materials
• Add H2 generated from wind power to upgrade gas
• Create synthetic fuel (e.g. methanol) with industrial processes
• Take care not to optimize gasification process
H2 from wind
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The buzzword: Carbon-negative
Turning the art of pyrolysis upside-down
• “Proper” pyrolysis is about maximizing the yield of gas
• A classical yardstick of skills is how small the residue can be made
• We are after the opposite thing!
• The residue (char) represents carbon captured from the atmosphere
• Char in the fundamental form is stable. It can be deposited for millennia
The more fuel we produce, the more carbon we remove from the atmosphere
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A true game-changing concept!
Exploiting the potentials of cheap electricity
• A continued reduction of the cost of wind electricity has the potential for a genuine paradigm change
• If electricity is cheap, we can accept fuel-producing processes which may not be optimally energy efficient
• Such processes can deliver carbon-negative fuels
The new game could be – lower taxes on less fuel-efficient vehicles
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Conclusions
Domestic storage of electrical energy can be done• Siemens has shown the way with thermal storage• Other concepts could be competitive – but each have their drawbacks
The transportation sector is a candidate for an alternative storage approach• Gasification of biomass and synthetic materials and subsequent enrichment with wind-
generated hydrogen could yield large volumes of liquid fuels• By an appropriately “dumb” pyrolysis process the overall yield could be carbon-
negative• The arrangement would be facilitated by the “nobody notices” aspect
What are we waiting for?