Stephen M. McNamara 930 N. University Ave #3550 Phone: (734) 751-8055 Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Email: smcnam@umich.edu

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Education Ph.D., Analytical Chemistry, expected Spring 2019, University of Michigan M.S., Analytical Chemistry, 2016, University of Michigan B.S., Chemistry, Spanish (2nd major), 2014, Michigan State University

Peer-Reviewed Publications

May, N.W., S.M. McNamara, S. Wang, K.R. Kolesar, J. Vernon, J.P. Wolfe, D. Goldberg, K.A. Pratt. Polar Plunge: Semester-Long Snow Chemistry Research in the General Chemistry Laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education. 95(4), 543-552, 2018.

May, N.W., P.K. Quinn, S.M. McNamara, K.A. Pratt. Multi-Year Study of the Dependence of Sea Salt Aerosol on Wind Speed and Sea Ice Conditions in the Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 120. 1-12, 2016.

Erkal, J.L., A. Selimovic, B.C. Gross, S.Y. Lockwood, E.L. Walton, S.M. McNamara, R.S. Martin, D.M. Spence. 3D printed microfluidic devices with integrated versatile and reusable electrodes. Lab on a Chip. 14, 2023-2032, 2014.

Works Submitted or In Preparation

May, N.W., S.M. McNamara, C. Mattson, A.E. Watson, K.A. Pratt. Determination of Chloride Content in Environmental Water Samples: A Research Experiment for the High School and Introductory Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory. Submitted to Journal of Chemical Education. 2018.

McNamara, S.M., A.R.W. Raso, S. Wang, S. Thanekar, E. Boone, P.K. Peterson, W.R. Simpson, J.D. Fuentes, P.B. Shepson, K.A. Pratt. Springtime Nitrogen Oxide-Influenced Chlorine Chemistry in the Coastal Arctic. In preparation for submission to Environmental Science & Technology. (Jul 2018).

Wang, S., S.M. McNamara, C.W. Moore, D. Obrist, A. Steffen, A.R.W. Raso, P.B. Shepson, R.M. Staebler, K.A. Pratt. Direct Detection of Tropospheric Atomic Bromine Leading to Mercury and Ozone Depletion. In preparation for submission to Nature. (Jul 2018)

McNamara, S.M., N.M. Garner, A.R.W. Raso, S. Wang, S. Thanekar, J.D. Fuentes, P.B. Shepson, K.A. Pratt. Bromine Chloride Observations in the Coastal Arctic: Diurnal Patterns and Production Mechanisms. In preparation for ACS Earth & Space Chemistry. (Fall 2018)

Selected Presentations

McNamara, S.M., N.M. Garner, S. Wang, A.R.W. Raso, S. Thanekar, J.D. Fuentes, P.B. Shepson, K.A. Pratt. Observations of Bromine Chloride (BrCl) at an Arctic Coastal Site. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. New Orleans, LA. 2017. [Oral Presentation]

McNamara, S.M., A.R.W. Raso, S. Wang, S. Thanekar, J.D. Fuentes, P.B. Shepson, K.A. Pratt. Nitrogen Oxide-Influenced Chlorine Chemistry in the Alaskan Arctic. Karle Symposium. Ann Arbor, MI, 2017. [Oral Presentation]

McNamara, S.M., A.R.W. Raso, S. Wang, S. Thanekar, J.D. Fuentes, P.B. Shepson, K.A. Pratt. Nitrogen Oxide-Influenced Chlorine Chemistry in Utqiaġvik, AK. Connaught Summer Institute in Arctic Science. Alliston, ON, Canada, 2017. [Poster]

McNamara, S.M., A.R.W. Raso, S. Wang, S. Thanekar, J.D. Fuentes, P.B. Shepson, K.A. Pratt. Influence of Nitrogen Oxides on Chlorine Chemistry in Utqiaġvik, AK. American Geophysical Union 2016 Fall Meeting. San Francisco, CA, 2016. [Poster]

McNamara, S.M. Environmental Production of Nitryl Chloride and Measurement with Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Chemistry Departmental Seminar. Ann Arbor, MI, 2015. [Oral Presentation]

Stephen M. McNamara 930 N. University Ave #3550 Phone: (734) 751-8055 Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Email: smcnam@umich.edu

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Work Experience

University of Michigan, Dept. of Chemistry, Aug 2014 – present Graduate Research Assistant Advisor: Kerri Pratt (prattka@umich.edu) § Operated a chemical ionization mass spectrometer for urban (Ann Arbor & Kalamazoo,

MI) and remote (Alaskan Arctic) field campaigns to investigate atmospheric halogen chemistry sources and pollution influences

§ Designed and performed complex gas flow tube experiments and used computer modeling to simulate air and snowpack halogen chemical mechanisms

§ Analyzed large environmental data sets using custom software § Presented research to diverse audiences at regional (9), national (2), and international

(1) conferences, and co-authored peer-reviewed scientific journal articles Michigan State University, Dept. of Chemistry, Jan 2011 – May 2014 Undergraduate Research Assistant Advisor: Dana Spence (dspence@chemistry.msu.edu) § Characterized anti-fouling coatings on electrodes used for oxygen measurements in

human blood samples, leading to a co-authored publication

Business & Technical Skills

Collaboration: worked extensively with multiple research groups, visiting PhD students, and logistics services in field campaigns, and have organized workshops and large data repositories to facilitate information sharing and publishing

Leadership: successfully led a $500K, 2-month field campaign in Kalamazoo, MI, designed experiments, and deployed a mobile laboratory trailer with numerous instruments and equipment

Innovation: Designed and implemented, as part of an instructional team, a new general chemistry lab course (https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/arc/chemistry-125126-snow-chemistry/) which provides real-world research experiences for 1st and 2nd year students focusing on Arctic environmental chemistry

Instrumentation: Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Ion Chromatography, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Liquid Chromatography, Cyclic Voltammetry

Software: Igor Pro, Chromeleon CDS, MATLAB

Mentorship & Teaching

§ Served 7 semesters as an undergraduate or graduate student instructor for general and organic chemistry laboratory courses, including 2 semesters implementing the research-based lab course

§ Mentored 2 high school, 5 undergraduate, and 3 graduate students in the use of analytical instrumentation, data analysis, and presentation skills

Honors & Awards

Michigan Geophysical Union Top Chemistry Poster Award, 2018 American Geophysical Union Outstanding Student Presentation Award, 2017 Connaught Summer Institute in Arctic Science Outstanding Poster Award, 2017 Florence Fenwick Outstanding Graduate Student Instructor Award, 2017 Michigan Space Grant Consortium Graduate Fellowship, 2017 Rackham Conference Travel Grant, 2016, 2017 Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need Fellowship, 2016 Rackham Pre-Candidate Graduate Student Research Grant, 2015

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Characterizing Atmospheric and Snowpack Halogen Chemistry in Urban Areas and the Arctic

Stephen M. McNamara Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan

Atmospheric halogen radicals (e.g. •Cl, •Br, •I) are highly reactive, causing near-surface ozone (O3) depletion and impact the fates of pollutants such as mercury and greenhouse gases such as methane. Despite their low abundances (sub-picomole per mole, or >108x lower than atmospheric carbon dioxide), these halogen radicals can significantly alter atmospheric composition and air quality, whether through rapid O3 depletion in Arctic regions, or indirectly through the production of nitrogen oxides (NOx), another pollutant, in urban areas. Only in the past few decades have researchers identified a link between halogen chemistry and air quality, especially in coastal urban areas where the ocean serves as an abundant source of halogens (through sea salt emission). Among the knowledge gaps, the direct measurement of halogen radicals has yet to be reported. However, observations of halogen radical precursors in recent years have allowed assessment of their impacts on radical production and atmospheric chemistry.

Chemical ionization mass spectro-metry (CIMS) provides fast, in situ detection of a wide array of trace halogen molecular gases, such as Cl2, Br2, I2, BrO, ClO, ClNO2, BrCl, and HOBr– major precursors (mainly via photolysis) to halogen radicals. The CIMS instrument has very low detection limits (0.1–10 picomole per mole) and is field deployable, providing measurements in remote and unconventional locations, such as the Arctic tundra, mobile trailers, and aircraft. My research has focused on the measurement and characterization of halogen radical precursors in both urban areas and in the Arctic. One way to understand the impacts of halogen chemistry on the atmosphere is to investigate the sources and mechanisms that

form reactive halogen species in the first place. Halogen activation, the process of converting inert halide (Cl-, Br-, I-) salts into reactive gaseous species, has been central to my research and key to understanding the controlling factors for producing the precursors which supply halogen radicals. In spring 2016 as part of a team of researchers, I operated a CIMS at a coastal Arctic tundra site near Utqiaġvik (Barrow), AK (Figure 1), where the CIMS measured several reactive bromine and chlorine species. Using the CIMS observations and computer modeling, we found that BrCl (bromine chloride), a precursor to both Cl and Br radicals, appeared to be controlled chemically by a variety of mechanisms depending on temperature and physically by the availability of snowpack, which can serve as a reactive surface for halogen production in part due to its large surface area. Chlorine species were also heavily influenced by the presence of NOx, and we propose NOx-influenced mechanisms which promote the recycling of Cl2. This study provided the first in-depth analysis of BrCl production supported by a comprehensive suite of measurements. Additionally, this study highlights a link between NOx pollution and halogen chemistry, particularly important as shipping

Figure 1: (top) CIMS deployed in a mobile laboratory trailer at an urban site in Kalamazoo, MI (2018). (bottom) CIMS sampling site on the Arctic tundra near Utqiaġvik, AK (2016).

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and fossil fuel extraction continues to develop in the Arctic. Halogen activation may also be influenced by road salt in urban areas during winter. Road salt usage is ubiquitous in much of the northern US, however, little is known about its ability to serve as a reactive source for chloride activation, which may be particularly important for inland areas far from sea spray influence. Additionally, the snowpack, which has already been identified as a source of halogen gases in the Arctic, has yet to be identified as a source of halogen gases following road salt contamination, which commonly occurs in urban areas. To investigate this potentially new halogen activation source, I organized and led a field campaign in winter 2018, deploying a CIMS and a suite of accompanying instrumentation in a mobile laboratory trailer (Figure 1) at an urban site in west Michigan. Here, we conducted air measurements of ClNO2, a •Cl precursor formed on aerosolized salt particles or potentially from the road salt-contaminated snowpack. Through comparison of vertical gradient ClNO2 measurements over the snowpack and bare ground, we determined an emission of ClNO2 from the snowpack surface (Figure 2). This suggests, for the first time, an additional source of halogen gases in urban environments, highlighting the potential atmospheric impact of road salting in snowy, mid-latitude environments. My environmental research has also provided me unique opportunities for outreach and curriculum development at the University of Michigan. In fall 2015 while working with a fellow graduate student, undergraduates, a post-doctoral researcher, and my advisor, we designed and implemented a new, research-based general chemistry laboratory course focused on our Arctic snow chemistry research. We creatively transformed the typical general chemistry laboratory by exposing 1st and 2nd year students to authentic research practices, utilizing advanced instru-mentation and emphasizing practical

communication skills and comprehension of scientific literature (Figure 3). In addition to serving as an instructor, I led the development of several lab activities, from synthesizing Cl2 gas to analyzing scientific papers. This course, which will be offered for the 3rd time this fall, aims to boost interest in science by providing more relatable themes (e.g. environmental science) which can lead to increased retention in STEM fields, ever-so important for shaping the next generation of researchers.

Figure 3: (left) Snow chemistry students present their final research project at a department-wide symposium. (right) Fall 2015 Snow Chemistry students and instructional staff.

Figure 2: (top) CIMS vertical measurements of ClNO2 up to 1.6 m above “bare ground” and (bottom) the snowpack surface.