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IP Security Camera Techniques

For Video Surveillance

Title Page

Today’s

Moderator

Today’s Moderator

David Martin

Physical Security

Technical Specialist

LENSEC

Webinar

Sponsor

Webinar Sponsor

Based in Houston, TX

Since 1998

IP Video Management

System Design

Installation

Project Management

LENSEC is committed to empowering our clients and partners to prevent or mitigate physical security risks. We want to help protect people and assets as well as improve operations through our evolutionary and intuitive technology. We can do this by providing expertise in security and software development.

Our Mission

Webinar

Logistics

Q&A at the end

Questions for the panelist

Audio from attendees muted

Poll questions

Survey

Webinar Logistics

Keith HarrisMarketing Manager

LENSEC

Today’s

Panelist

Degree in Broadcasting & Photojournalism

27 Years Working in Photography & Video Production

6 Years in Physical Security Market

Expertise in Training Law Enforcement Investigators in

Video Surveillance Techniques

Today’s Panelist

Training

Goal

IP Security Camera Techniques for Video Surveillance

Our goals are …

Choosing the Right CamerasDetermining Camera SettingsSelecting the Right Lens

Camera Types

IP Cameras

Analog Cameras

Choosing The Right Cameras

Poll

Question

Poll Question #1

Do you know the difference between

NTSC and PAL?

Poll Question

#1

Camera Types

NTSC (National Television Standard Committee)

North America & Other Countries

30 Frames per Second

Video frame: 525 Scan Lines

Caps Resolution at 720X480

PAL (Phase Alternating Line)

Europe & parts of Asia

25 Frames per Second

Video Frame: 625 Scan Lines

Caps Resolution at 720X576

SECAM (Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire)


Camera Types

Analog vs. IP

Coaxial vs. Ethernet


Choosing The Right CamerasCamera Types

IP Cameras

Ethernet Cable

PoE – Power over Ethernet

Camera Types

Advanced Features

Edge Storage

Corridor View

Choosing The Right CamerasSD / SDHC Card Slot

Choosing The Right CamerasCamera Types

Advanced Features

360° & Quad Camera Views

180° Panoramic View

Camera Types

Indoor/Outdoor

Camera Enclosure

Heater / Blower

Power


Box Camera

Dome

Camera


Camera Types

IP Rating

Ingress Protection


Camera Types

Body Style

CS Mount Box Cameras

Bullet Cameras

Dome Cameras

PTZ Cameras

Poll

Question

Poll Question #2

What is helpful in order to capture a

useable license plate image?

Poll Question

#1


Camera Types

Alternative Camera Choices

License Plate Cameras

Covert Cameras

Thermal Cameras

Audio Enabled Cameras


Camera Sensors

CCD – Charge Coupled Device

CMOS – Complementary Metal-Oxide

Semiconductor


Camera Sensors

Image Scanning

Interlaced Scanning

Progressive Scanning


Wide Dynamic Range

Camera Sensors

Image Processing

Backlight Compensation (BLC)

Exposure Zones

Wide Dynamic Range (WDR)


Camera Sensors

Image Processing

Digital Noise Reduction (DNR)


Megapixel Resolution

Analog Resolutions

Megapixel Resolutions

720x480


ROWS

P1080p2160p

COLUMNS

K2k4k

TOTAL AREA

MP2.1 MP8.3 MP

4K ResolutionColumns - 4K Rows - 2106PTotal - 8.3 MP

4K Resolution

Naming Convention


4K Resolution

1080p Size Doubled

Determining Cameras Settings

Light Sensitivity

Lux – Luminous Flux

Color Camera

B&W Camera

Day/Night Camera

Night ModeDay Mode


White Light

Use It Whenever Possible

Add It When Necessary & Where Needed


Infrared Light

Slightly Visible: 880 nm

Invisible: 940 nm

Considering Your Lighting Conditions

Night Mode Enhanced Light in Day Mode

Advanced Technology

Enhanced Low Light Technology


Gain

Automatic Gain Control

(AGC)

Shutter

Digital Slow Shutter (DSS)

Sense-Up

Frames Per Second (FPS)

5 fps – jerky

10 fps – less jerky

15 fps – relatively

smooth, industry default

30 fps – very smooth


Video Compression

FormatsM-JPEG

MPEG-4

H.264

CODECS

Bitrate


Video Compression – MPEG4 & H.264

Image Compression – Motion JPEG

Selecting the Right Lens

Focal Length

Selecting the Right LensFocal Length – 12MM at 100’

Selecting the Right LensFocal Length – 60mm at 100’

Selecting the Right LensLens Elements

Selecting the Right LensIris Control

Manual Iris

Auto-Iris

Selecting the Right LensDay/Night Camera – Aspherical Lens

Poll

Question

Poll Question #3

How does f-stop affect an image?

Poll Question

#1


F-StopIn optics, the f-number (sometimes called focal ratio, f-ratio, f-stop, or relative aperture) of an optical system is the ratio of the lens’s focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil. It is a dimensionless number that is a quantitative measure of lens speed, an important concept in photography. (source Wikipedia)

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Aperture_diagram.svg

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Aperture_diagram.svg


Low F-Stop

High F-Stop

=

=

Low Yield

High Yield

Selecting the Right LensZoom

Field of View (FOV)

http://www.lensec.com/tutorial/calculator.html


Learning Proper Power Techniques

Volts & Amps

Volt - The rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a

circuit.

Amp -A unit of electric current. One ampere corresponds to a certain number of electrons

passing a fixed point each second.

Volts & Amps

120 volts AC (power outlet)

24 volts AC (wall transformer)

12 volts DC (wall transformer or battery)

Amps (power draw)

RecordingHow Much Is Enough?

1GB per hour (analog)

Security DVR Storage Calculator

Bandwidth Calculator



Questions

Q&A

Contacts

Keith HarrisLENSEC(512) [email protected]

David MartinLENSEC(512) [email protected]

Thanks for Attending

Today’s Webinar

SIS6 - Camera Techniques for Video Surveillance

• Choosing the Right Cameras • Determining Camera Settings • Selecting the Right Lens • Placing Cameras Properly

Poll Questions 1) Do you know the difference between NTSC and PAL?

a. NTSC is a video format & PAL is a power format. b. They are interchangeable. c. NTSC is a video standard developed in the US & PAL is a video standard developed

overseas. d. I have no idea.

2) What is helpful in order to capture a useable license plate image? a. Illuminating the plate at a correct angle to avoid glare. b. Zooming to a 10 ft horizontal field of view. c. Use a camera designed stop action at vehicle speed. d. All the above.

3) How does f-stop affect an image? a. It tells the recording when to stop. b. It indicates how many frames of video fill 1 second. c. It tells how much light will pass through the lens aperture.

Questions & Answers Questions & Answers How do you run a power budget on a PoE switch or camera power supply? When you are running a power budget, you need two numbers. How much power is available? The PoE switch will have a certain rating for the amount of power it will supply to connected equipment. How much power do your connected devices draw from the switch? Each camera will have a power draw that they require. This number may vary from time to time, meaning the camera may draw a little under one scenario and a lot under another. You want to plan for a conservative figure. So, when you are calculating, use the largest power draw the device will need.

You will total the power draw of all the connected devices to determine the overall power draw. Compare the two numbers and make sure your overall power draw from connected equipment is lower than the power output of the PoE switch. What is an IR cut filter? True day/night cameras change modes using a mechanical Cut Filter. This is a filter that will moves between the camera lens and the image sensor. A photo sensor that measures light levels will indicate when the cut filter should activate. During daylight hours, the filter is in place. This blocks infrared light and only allows visible light to reach the image sensor. When light levels drop at dusk, the filter is removed changing the camera from day mode to night mode. Infrared light can now reach the image sensor. And, the camera switches to black and white mode which is more sensitive to infrared light. A camera using an IR cut filter is considered a True Day/Night Camera. Today a lot of cameras use digital day/night instead of a mechanical cut filter. This means when the light level changes above or below a preset lighting threshold, the firmware the camera directs the camera to change modes digitally. Is it overkill to use an outdoor camera in an indoor camera position? -Not always. Sometimes you just don’t need that much camera. But outdoor cameras are often more advanced and provide you better options for a scene whether it’s indoors or outdoors. An example would be vandal and impact protection – you could easily see how these may be valuable indoors in places with public access. Those features are usually available on outdoor cameras. Why would an IP camera have a BNC connection on it? -Some IP cameras use the analog BNC connection for spot monitors to make it easier to setup the camera during installation. Another use would be connecting a public view monitor or nearby guard station monitor. The IP data signal would still be transmitted by the network to the server in these cases. I have an Infrared Illuminator on a camera. It doesn’t reach the specified range. Why is that? -Most of the time, the useful range of infrared illuminators is less distance than may be specified in the devices documents. The specs often include the maximum detectable range. The useable range may fall significantly short for your needs. It’s better to buy a longer range illuminator than you think you might need. Is it better to have a proprietary video compression or an open format? -That depends on your uses of the video once it is extracted. Some law enforcement prefer a proprietary format because it ensures the video hasn’t been tampered with.

In these cases, the VMS usually provides a way to convert the video to an open format. Most people prefer the open format because it ensures the ability to play the video anywhere for the foreseeable future. I’ve heard some fields of view referred to by degrees, such as a 25° FOV. You didn’t cover that, why? -Most people that use that terminology are estimating the degree based on the angle from the camera position. I find this to be subjective and hard to explain to others if needed. If you determine the horizontal by vertical area of the target area and calculate the distance (even if it’s approximate), the measurement you get from the FOV calculator will be more helpful to decide which lens focal length you need for that camera position. What kind of problems will you see if the voltage drops too low for the camera? -The most notable problem you’ll see will be in a camera that has infrared installed. The camera may operate fine during the day, but you may notice the camera doesn’t have enough power at night when the IR lights turn on. The IR may not reach an appropriate range, or the IR may not kick on at all. Other cameras may give an intermittent or poor quality picture. Over time, the camera may stop working altogether. What is the best way to determine MP/ lens when you need both wide overall view, but also be able to digitally or optically zoom in close in high resolution? -There are varying levels of quality. You may determine in some areas that you only need general video. You just need to see movement. You may not need to see extreme detail covering a forensic level of quality. For example, in a police interview room you may want to capture a scar on somebody’s face or a tattoo on their arm. A Megapixel camera in a higher rating would help there. You may only need to use a 1.3 or 2 MP camera for this scenario. But, if you are trying to capture that high level of detail outside in a parking lot, you may need a very high megapixel camera to capture that kind of detail covering a wide area. The same level of detail may require a 5 MP or 10MP camera. Another important thing to consider is a Megapixel lens. If you have a high grade MP camera and put a standard lens on it, you are limiting the MP ability of the camera. The image is only as good as the quality of glass that the light passes through. If you are using a 3 MP camera, make sure your lens is also rated for up to 3 MP quality. Otherwise, you are limiting your resolution that the camera can capture. I’m including a Pixels Per Foot attachment that helps to detail the MP camera rating need for certain levels of image detail (General, Forensic, High detail).