stemcells background

8/14/2019 Stemcells Background

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STEM CELLSSTEM CELLS

&&CORD BLOOD BANKCORD BLOOD BANK

STEM CELLSSTEM CELLS

&&CORD BLOOD BANKCORD BLOOD BANK

BY:BY:Aparna YadavAparna Yadav

B.Tech (Biotech 3B.Tech (Biotech 3rdrd year year))



Description: A colony of embryonic stem cells. 10X. Image in the Public Domain.

Description: (A) Human ESCs; (B) Neurons derived from Human ESCs. Images

courtesy of Nissim Benvenisty.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/image:stem_cells_diagram.png

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/image:humanstemcell.jpg



The Major Types of Stem Cells

A. Embryonic Stem Cells

They are found in embryos at a very early

stage of development. They have the ability to differentiate into

any of the over two hundred types of cells

that make up the human body.



B. Adult Stem Cells

– have the ability to differentiate into

varieties of a particular type of cell,

determined by the type of tissue in whichthey are found.

– For example, blood stem cells found in the

bone marrow give rise to RBC, WBC and platelets.



SOURCES OF STEM CELLS

• Most embryonic stem cells currently used in

research are derived from embryos that

were created in the course of infertilitytreatments by means of in vitro fertilization

(IVF) procedures.

• Most richest source of Hematopoietic stemcell is umbilical cord blood.



third source of embryonic stem cells, involving the

production of embryos by means of a technique variously known as

somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), research cloning, or therapeutic

cloning.

,

SOURCES OF STEM CELLS

• Other source of embryonic stem cells, involvingthe production of embryos by a techniquevariously known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).

• SCNT involves several steps------

1) First, a woman’s egg is obtained and the nucleusis removed, creating an enucleated egg.

2) Then the nucleus of a somatic cell from a nucleardonor—typically, an adult—is removed andinserted into the enucleated egg.



Advantages and Disadvantages to

Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells.

Embryonic S.C. Adult S.C.“Pluripotent”

(can become any cell)

“Multipotent”

(“can become many butnot any”)

Stable. Can undergo many

cell divisions.

Less Stable. Capacity for

self-renewal is limited.

Easy to obtain but

blastocyst is destroyed.

Difficult to isolate in

adult tissue.

Possibility of rejection?? Host rejection minimized



http://www.stemcellresearch.org/testimony/20040929prentice.htm

http://www.stemcellresearch.org/testimony/20040929prentice.htm



• Cord blood, or umbilical cordblood, is blood that remains inthe umbilical cord and placenta atthe time of birth.

• Considered a waste product.• But once scientists discovered it is

a rich source of stem cells, cordblood became a viable substitute

to bone marrow in thousands of successful transplants.

Umbilical cord blood



Public cord blood bank mission

• To collect, store and supply Cord Blood

units with the highest quality and safety.

• To improve the probability of finding

suitable donors.

• To promote the clinical use of Cord Blood.



Why is Stem Cell Research So Important to All

of Us?

Stem cells allow us to study how organisms grow

and develop over time.

Stem cells can replace diseased or damaged cells

that can not heal or renew themselves.

We can test different substances (drugs and

chemicals) on stem cells.

We can get a better understanding of our “genetic

machinery.”



What Human Diseases are

Currently Being Treated with

Stem Cells?• Parkinson’s Disease

• Leukemia (Bone Marrow Transplants)

• Spinal cord injuries

• Skin Grafts resulting from severe burns

Stem Cell Therapy has the Potential to:• Regenerate tissues/organs

• Cure diseases like diabetes, multiple sclerosis, etc.



THANK YOU

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