stem cell presentation 3

8/6/2019 Stem Cell Presentation 3

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STEM CELLSSTEM CELLSYou CantBELIEVE

____________________________________________________________________

If You Dont

KNOW

You Cant

BELIEVE____________________________________________________________________

If You Dont

KNOW


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What is a STEM CELL?

Adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells and stem cells that obtained fromumbilical cord are known as three basic source of stem cells at the present time.

Adult stem cells have existed at a lot of tissue and organ in body and if the zone

that they are existed is damaged, they are instantly increased and repair thedamaged area.

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that has a

proporty of self-renewal and if the conditions are

suitible in body or ambient of laboratory, they can

transform various types of cells.

In close past, although animal experiments prove that these cells can transform

more different various cells according to where they are existed, cell types that

they can transform are limited.


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What is a STEM CELL?

Cord blood stem cells are obtained from umbilical cord that connects the babyand mother during the parturition.

Although these cells are obtained at the period of premature evulation, they are in adultstem cell class. Whats more, generating different tissues and cell types is limited assame as adult cells.

Today, umbilical cord stem cells promise highly important possibility of treatment for forblood and immune system diseases.

Furthermore, most important problems for the treatment applications are;

Including stem cells less than enough,

The difficulty to find a sample that holds tissuecomformity of someone who performs transplantation.

Cord blood stem cells have a limited potency of being developed in

laboratory, so that achievement chance is low if the process required

too much sample.


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Human embryonic stem cell colony.


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Mouse embryonic stem cells with fluorescent marker.


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Colour-enhanced scanning electron micrograph by

Annie Cavanagh and Dave McCarthy

Biomedical Image Awards 2006


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Stem cell frame.


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Scientists have developed 17 new human embryonic stem-cell lines and are making them available

to qualified researches at no charge. Shown are colonies of 50 to 75 stem cells. The cells divide to

form new stem cells approximately every 24 hours.

Image courtesyChad Cowan, Jacob Zucker, andDouglas Melton.


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Why STEM" CELL?Why STEM" CELL? A stem is defined as

the main stalk of a

plant. Correspondingly,

stem cells are the main

trunk from which

specialized cells

develop and branchout over time.


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There are two types of STEM CELL

Unlimited Stem Cells

(also known as embryonic

stem cells)

Limited Stem Cells

(also known as

adult Stem Cells)


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Why Does The Difference

Matters? Unlimitedstem cells offer

significantly more promise in

curing diseases and injuries

than many limitedstem cells

can.


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Stem cell division and

differentiation.

A - stem cell

B - progenitor cellC - differentiated cell

1 - symmetric stem cell division

2 - asymmetric stem cell

division

3 - progenitor division

4 - terminal differentiation


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Proporties of STEM CELLDefining PropertiesSelf-renewal- the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division

while maintaining the undifferentiated state.

Unlimited potency- the capacity to differentiate into any maturecell type. In a strict sense, this makes stem cells eithertotipotent

orpluripotent, although some multipotent and/orunipotent

progenitor cells are sometimes referred to as stem cells.


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Proporties of STEM CELLPotency Definitions

Totipotent stem cells are produced

from the fusion of an egg and sperm

cell. Cells produced by the first few

divisions of the fertilized egg are also

totipotent. These cells can

differentiate into embryonic and

extraembryonic cell types.

Pluripotent stem cells are the

descendants of totipotent cells and

can differentiate into cells derived

from the three germ layers.

Multipotent stem cells can produce

only cells of a closely related family of

cells (e.g. hematopoietic stem cells

differentiate into red blood cells,

white blood cells, platelets, etc.).

Unipotent cells can produce only one

cell type, but have the property of

self-renewal which distinguishes them

from non-stem cells.


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Pluripotent, embryonic stem cells originate as inner mass cells with in

a blastocyst. The stem cells can become any tissue in the body,

excluding a placenta. Only the morula's cells are totipotent, able to

become all tissues and a placenta.


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How can we obtain

Embryonic Stem Cell?

Embryonic stem cells are

obtained from embryos whichreached the stage of blastocysts

at the period of early evolution

before the implantation.


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This is an embryo that reachedthe stage of blastocysts. Marked

zone shows the cells of inner mass-cellthat the embryonic stem

cells obtainedfrom.


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What are the proporties of the embryonic

stem cells have differentiated from

morphologic, genetic and immunologic?

Embryonic stem cells have a lot more highly volume

ratio ofnucleus/stoplasma than the other body cells

and contain clear pronucleus structure.


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This embryonic

stem cells create athree dimentionalcolony during thecultures on the

support cells. Thispicture show thatthe morphologicstructure of

emryonic stem cellof human body.

Human embryonic stem cellcolony.


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Image of cell colonies after

Alkaline Phosohatase coloured.

Another important

property of embryonicstem cells is that have

a steady divisibility as

same as cancer cells,and have a normal

karyotype structure as

apart from this cells.


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Emryonic Stem Cells Colonies that are made to obtain emryoid body.

What Kind Of Cells Can Obtain

From Stem Cells


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Structure of Embryoid Body


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This is an examples of different cell types can obtain from

embryonic stem cells.


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Conformity problem of tissue between donor-receiver is one of the most importantfactors that effects the achievement while transporting organ or tissue.

What are the limiting factors for the useage of

treatment of the embryonic stem cells?

Scientists improve various ideas of solution, because of existing a living

possibility alike problem in embryonic stem cell treatments in the future.

These ideas are ordered;

.Creating a stem cell banks,

.Creating an universal donor stem cell with

modifications of gene that responsible for tissueconformity as genetic,

.Using clone technics purposefully treatment for

produce stem cell special to person.


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What is the useage potential of

stem cell for treatment?

Experiments prove that the stem

cells can convert to various types of

cell, especially experiment of

mouse embryonic stem cells.

Human embryonic stem cells can

treat this diseases and injuries in

the close future by proporty of

renewal themselves, and has aconvertible potentials to all human

body cells.


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Neurological

Parkinson's diseaseSpinal cord injury (paralysis)

Retinal disease

Multiple sclerosis

Neuroblastoma (cancer ofvarious nerve

tissues often occurringin children)

Blood

Childhood and adult leukemia

Sickle-cell anemia

Immunodeficiency

Lymphomas

Hodgkin's disease

LupusArthritis

Bone marrow failure


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Pancreatic & Blood Type 1 Diabetes

Other

Burns

Ovarian cancerHeart muscle loss following heart

attack

Aneurysms

Breast cancer

Liver disease including hepatitis

Sports injuriesBone injuries


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Alzheimer's disease

Lou Gehrig's disease

Muscular dystrophy

Huntington's disease

Spinal muscular atrophy (central

nervous system)

Pulmonary disease (lung)

Renal disease (kidney)

Hearing disorders

Glial-based disorders (brain)

AIDS (in combination with other

types of virus-suppressing therapy)

Stroke

Additional diseasesstem cell

research could impact


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Reliability is on the most important factor of stem cell treatment.

Reliability means;

Benefit of treatment

Knowing side effects of treatment

Suitability of center where treatment does

Reliability of Stem Cell Treatment


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WE HOPEWe hope that, one day in the future all

these diseases will be small things for us

by Mberra Ayazolu and Berkan Kocaby Mberra Ayazolu and Berkan Koca


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Questions


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stem cell presentation 3

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