presentation stem cell

8/10/2019 Presentation Stem Cell

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STEM CELL THERABY FOR

SOME PARASITIC DISEASES

BY

ENAS FAKHRYEMAN MAGDY


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TYPES OF STEM CELLS

In mammals, there are two broad types of stem

cells: embryonic stem cells which are isolatedfrom the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult

stem cells , which are found in various tissues.


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SOURCES OF AUTOLOGOUS ADULT STEM

CELLS IN HUMANS

Bone marrow , which requires extraction by harvesting. Adipose tissue (lipid cells), which requires extraction by

liposuction.

Blood, which requires extraction through apheresis.


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PROPERTIES OF STEMCELLS

Self-renewal : the ability to go through

numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining

the undifferentiated state.

Potency : the capacity to differentiate intospecialized cell types .


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The patients with parasitic infections, who usually

belong to the lower socioeconomic strata of our society,

have limited therapeutic options. Chemotherapy is virtually

the first choice for the treatment of many parasiticinfections. However, there is a worry about drug resistance

following long-term, repeated implementation of mass

drug administration. Stem cell therapy may help these

patients.


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STEM CELL THERAPY

is an interventional treatment that introduces new cells into

damaged tissues, which help in treating many diseases and injuries.is effective for the treatment of cancers, diabetes mellitus,

Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, cardiovascular diseases,

neurological disorders, and many other diseases.

Recently, stem cell therapy has been introduced to treat parasitic

infections.


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Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate S.japonicum inducedliver injury in mice through:

a. Reducing granuloma egg diameter,

b. Decreasing serum concentration of TGF-B1 and

hyaloronic acid;

c. Inhibiting collagen deposition and expression of collagen

type 3in infected mice liver tissues.

SO; prolong the survival time of the infected mice and this

effect is inhanced by combination with praziquantel.


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CD(133) human umbilical cord blood stem cells enhance hepatic

angiogenesis and neovascularization in expermintal animals ,SO,

enable prolifiration and survival of the damaged cells rather than

by direct differantiation to hepatocytes.

By immunohistichemical analysis the newly formed blood vessels

show +ve expression of human specific angiogenic markers

CD31,CD34 and von willebrand factors.


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Transplantation of bone marrow-derived stem

cells hold a great potential in treating human

hepatic cirrhosis as they can:

a. Differentiate into hepatocytes;

b. Stimulate regeneration of endogenous

parenchymal cells;

c. Enhance fibrous matrix degradation.


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IN MALARIA


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Scientists from the National Institute for Medical

Research, UK have identified an atypical progenitor

cells from malaria-infected mice which can give riseto a lineage of cells capable of fighting this disease,

and transplantation of these cells into mice with

severe malaria helps mice recover from the disease.


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MSCs play an important role in host protective

immune responses against malaria as they

increase IL- 12 production

suppress IL-10 production in recipient animals

and dramatic reductions of regulatory T cells in

animals undergoing infusion with these MSCs. .


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Glycophorin C (CD236R)receptors mediates vivax malaria

parasite rosetting to normocytes.

Rosetting assays using CD236R knockdown normocytes

derived from hematopoietic stem cells further supports the role

of glycophorin C as a receptor in P vivax rosette formation.

Blocking of spesific regions of CD236R significantly inhibit

rosette formation in P.vivax and P.falciparum.


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In mouse models of Chagas disease, bone marrow

mononuclear cell was found to be effective in:

a. reducing inflammation and fibrosis induced by

T. cruzi,

b. prevented and reversed the right ventricular

dilatation caused by this protozoon.


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It has been shown that repeated injections of granulocyte

colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which mobilizes stem

cells from the bone marrow, decreases inflammation and

fibrosis in the hearts of chagasic mice. While chagasic mice had 1,702 cardiac genes with

expression altered by infection, after bone marrow

mononuclear cell therapy, 96 % of these genes were

restored to normal levels


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Small animal positron emission tomography

(microPET) is used to investigate the migration of

transplanted MSCs in a murine model of Chagas

disease, and correlate MSC bio-distribution with

glucose metabolism and morphology of heart in

chagasic mice .


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Cotransplant of stem cells and skeletal myoblasts is

functionally effective in the Chagas disease ventricular

dysfunction through: improving ejection fraction (EF); reducing left ventricular end- diastolic volume (LVEDV)

and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV).


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In 28 patients with heart failure due to Chagas

disease; intracoronary injection of bone marrow

mononuclear cells caused significant

improvements in the New York Heart

Association (NYHA) class, quality of life

;suggesting that it is feasible and it may be

potentially safe and effective in these patient.


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