stem 5.10c 2.0 explain stemscopedia eng · 5 metamorphosis © 2013 rice university – all rights...

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1 Metamorphosis © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved 5.10C Look at a picture of yourself when you were younger. Do you look the same now as you did then? Many things have probably changed. You have gotten taller, your body weighs more, and you are able to do things that you could not when you were younger. In twenty years, you will look and feel different than you do now. Change is part of life as a human. These changes are generally gradual ones. Insects also go through changes in their lifetimes. Their bodies change from the time they are eggs until they are adults. But their bodies change in ways that are different from the change in human bodies. Our bodies keep the same basic structure as we grow. Insects change in more dramatic ways as they develop from eggs to adults. What are these changes called? What is metamorphosis? The word metamorphosis comes from Greek words that mean, “changing shape.” Metamorphosis is the process in which a dramatic change in body structure occurs during development. Insects go through metamorphosis as they develop from eggs to adults. As an insect passes through each stage of metamorphosis, it may look very different or it might also look similar to the stage before. Sometimes new body structures appear in one of the stages. For example, caterpillars change from small wormlike insects into butterflies with wings, which is a dramatic change! Not all insects develop from eggs into adults in the same way. There are two types of metamorphosis that insects go through: complete and incomplete. These types of metamorphosis differ in important ways. You will learn more about them as you read through the rest of the lesson. A butterfly changes in size and shape as it develops from a young insect into an adult.

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Page 1: STEM 5.10C 2.0 Explain STEMscopedia Eng · 5 Metamorphosis © 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved 5.10C !!! Teaching%Metamorphosis% Work!with!students!to!create!atool!for!teaching!younger!students!about

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Metamorphosis

© 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved

5.10C  

Look  at  a  picture  of  yourself  when  you  were  younger.  Do  you  look  the  same  now  as  you  did  then?  Many  things  have  probably  changed.  You  have  gotten  taller,  your  body  weighs  more,  and  you  are  able  to  do  things  that  you  could  not  when  you  were  younger.  In  twenty  years,  you  will  look  and  feel  different  than  you  do  now.  Change  is  part  of  life  as  a  

human.  These  changes  are  generally  gradual  ones.    Insects  also  go  through  changes  in  their  lifetimes.  Their  bodies  change  from  the  time  they  are  eggs  until  they  are  adults.  But  their  bodies  change  in  ways  that  are  different  from  the  change  in  human  bodies.  Our  bodies  keep  the  same  basic  structure  as  we  grow.  Insects  change  in  more  dramatic  ways  as  they  develop  from  eggs  to  adults.  What  are  these  changes  called?    What  is  metamorphosis?  The  word  metamorphosis  comes  from  Greek  words  that  mean,  “changing  shape.”  Metamorphosis  is  the  process  in  which  a  dramatic  change  in  body  structure  occurs  during  development.  Insects  go  through  metamorphosis  as  they  develop  from  eggs  to  adults.  As  an  insect  passes  through  each  stage  of  metamorphosis,  it  may  look  very  different  or  it  might  also  look  similar  to  the  stage  before.  Sometimes  new  body  structures  appear  in  one  of  the  stages.  For  example,  caterpillars  change  from  small  worm-­‐like  insects  into  butterflies  with  wings,  which  is  a  dramatic  change!    

 Not  all  insects  develop  from  eggs  into  adults  in  the  same  way.  There  are  two  types  of  metamorphosis  that  insects  go  through:  complete  and  incomplete.  These  types  of  metamorphosis  differ  in  important  ways.  You  will  learn  more  about  them  as  you  read  through  the  rest  of  the  lesson.    

                     

A  butterfly  changes  in  size  and  shape  as  it  develops  from  a  young  insect  into  an  adult.    

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Metamorphosis

© 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved

5.10C What  are  the  different  stages  of  complete  metamorphosis?  Many  types  of  insects,  such  as  butterflies  and  beetles,  go  through  complete  metamorphosis.  Complete  metamorphosis  has  four  stages:        

• Egg:  A  female  adult  insect  lays  eggs  in  a  safe,  protected  place.  Some  time  after  being  laid,  the  eggs  hatch.  The  organism  that  comes  out  of  the  egg  is  called  a  larva.    

• Larva:  A  larva  looks  nothing  like  its  parent.  Have  you  ever  seen  a  caterpillar?  It  is  the  larval  stage  of  a  butterfly.  Though  the  caterpillar  looks  nothing  like  an  adult  butterfly,  it  is  the  same  organism!  A  larva  usually  has  a  worm-­‐like  body  shape.  It  may  grow  or  molt  during  this  stage,  but  its  basic  body  shape  will  stay  the  same.  A  larva  tries  to  eat  as  much  as  possible  to  get  enough  energy  to  enter  the  next  stage  of  metamorphosis.  They  are  usually  built  to  be  eating  machines!  

• Pupa:  In  the  pupa  stage,  an  insect  wraps  itself  up  in  a  protective  covering  for  a  period  of  time.  While  it  is  in  the  pupa  stage,  an  insect  does  not  eat  and  often  doesn’t  move.  New  structures  grow  and  the  insect’s  body  shape  changes  dramatically.  

• Adult:  When  the  pupa  stage  is  complete,  an  adult  insect  comes  out  of  the  protective  covering.  The  adult  form  of  the  insect  has  all  of  the  body  parts  and  structures  that  it  needs  to  carry  on  the  rest  of  its  life.    This  usually  involves  flying  or  dispersing  to  find  mates.  

     The  pictures  below  show  an  insect  in  two  different  stages  of  complete  metamorphosis.  Which  picture  shows  the  larval  form  of  the  insect?  Which  picture  shows  the  adult  form?  Explain  your  answers.    

   

organism: a living thing

molt: a process in which an outer covering is shed to make room for new growth

egg  

larva  

pupa  

adult  

energy: the ability to cause change or do work

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Metamorphosis

© 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved

5.10C What  are  the  different  stages  of  incomplete  metamorphosis?  Some  types  of  insects,  such  as  grasshoppers  and  walking  sticks,  go  through  incomplete  metamorphosis.  This  type  of  metamorphosis  has  three  stages  instead  of  four:      

• Egg:  Similar  to  complete  metamorphosis,  an  adult  female  insect  lays  eggs.  When  the  eggs  hatch,  a  nymph  form  of  the  insect  comes  out.    

• Nymph:  The  nymph  stage  of  incomplete  metamorphosis  is  what  makes  this  process  different  from  complete  metamorphosis.  Unlike  a  larva,  a  nymph  may  look  very  similar  to  the  adult  form  of  the  insect.  It  is  usually  smaller  and  is  missing  some  structures  that  the  adult  has  (such  as  full  wings).  A  nymph  will  grow  and  molt  several  times  during  this  stage.  As  it  molts,  it  develops  adult  structures  and  gets  larger.  For  instance,  a  grasshopper  has  wing  buds,  but  not  true  wings  yet.  A  nymph  does  not  enter  a  pupal  stage.    

• Adult:  After  growing  and  molting,  a  nymph  has  developed  all  the  structures  it  needs  and  is  now  an  adult.  This  might  involve  growing  full  wings  such  as  in  an  adult  grasshopper.      

 Looking  to  the  Future:  Butterfly  Gardening  Butterflies  move  from  flower  to  flower  in  a  garden.  They  are  feeding  on  the  liquid  nectar  from  the  flowers.  It’s  easy  to  admire  the  beautiful  shapes  and  colors  of  the  butterflies.  Unfortunately,  some  butterfly  populations  are  decreasing.  Butterflies  cannot  

find  food  when  buildings  and  roads  replace  gardens  and  other  natural  spaces.  The  butterflies  starve  and  their  populations  decrease  or  even  die  off.  Some  people  are  trying  to  help  the  butterflies  by  making  

special  gardens.  Butterfly  gardens  have  flowers  and  other  plants  that  support  all  four  stages  of  a  butterfly’s  life  cycle.  Some  plants  are  a  perfect  place  for  an  adult  butterfly  to  lay  eggs.  Other  plants  provide  food  for  caterpillars  or  space  for  a  pupa.  Flowers  provide  food  for  the  adult  butterflies.  Some  gardeners  mark  the  adult  butterflies  with  tiny  tags.  These  tags  help  scientists  figure  out  how  many  butterflies  there  are  in  the  area.  The  gardens  and  the  scientists  may  help  to  increase  butterfly  populations.                  

An  adult  butterfly  is  drinking  nectar  from  this  flower.  

population: all the living things that belong to the same group that live in the same area

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Metamorphosis

© 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved

5.10C    

 Explore  the  different  stages  of  complete  and  incomplete  metamorphosis.    

   1. Find  some  examples  of  insects  in  different  stages  of  complete  and  incomplete  

metamorphosis.  Try  to  find  live  examples  outside.  If  this  is  not  possible,  find  at  least  four  different  examples  by  searching  the  Internet.  Two  examples  should  be  of  complete  metamorphosis,  and  the  other  two  examples  should  be  of  incomplete  metamorphosis.    

2. If  possible,  look  at  each  insect  under  a  magnifying  glass.  Be  careful  not  to  touch  or  disturb  the  insects.  Use  your  eyes  only!  

a. Draw  what  you  see  on  a  piece  of  paper.    b. Label  any  parts  of  the  insect  that  you  can  

identify  such  as  legs,  head,  antennae,  and  eyes.  

3. Identify  whether  the  insect  is  going  through  complete  or  incomplete  metamorphosis.  Then,  try  to  identify  each  stage  of  metamorphosis.  Is  it  a  larva?  A  nymph?  An  adult?  Use  an  insect  field  guide  to  identify  the  insects  and  their  stages  of  metamorphosis.  Record  what  you  find  out  on  your  piece  of  paper.  

 What  Do  You  Know?  Use  what  you  know  about  complete  and  incomplete  metamorphosis  to  fill  out  the  chart  below.  First,  decide  if  you  agree  or  disagree  with  the  statement  on  the  left  side  of  the  chart.  Then,  explain  your  decision  on  the  right  side  of  the  chart.    

Agree/Disagree?   Explanation  Incomplete  and  complete  metamorphosis  are  exactly  the  same.  ____  Agree    ____  Disagree  

 

The  nymph  and  the  pupa  both  look  very  similar  to  the  adult  form  of  an  insect.  ____  Agree    ____  Disagree  

 

All  insects  go  through  some  kind  of  metamorphosis  as  they  develop.  ____Agree  ____  Disagree  

 

A  grasshopper  is  an  easy  insect  to  find  and  study.  This  type  of  insect  goes  through  incomplete  metamorphosis.  

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Metamorphosis

© 2013 Rice University – All Rights Reserved

5.10C    

 Teaching  Metamorphosis  Work  with  students  to  create  a  tool  for  teaching  younger  students  about  metamorphosis.  First,  research  an  insect  that  goes  through  complete  metamorphosis  by  finding  photos  or  drawings  of  what  this  insect  looks  like  in  all  four  stages  of  its  metamorphosis.  Then,  research  an  insect  that  goes  through  incomplete  metamorphosis.  Again,  find  photos  or  drawings  

of  what  this  insect  looks  like  in  all  three  stages  of  its  metamorphosis.      Use  your  research  and  images  to  make  a  teaching  tool.  It  could  be:  

• A  short  fictional  story  illustrating  the  steps  involved  in  complete  and  incomplete  metamorphosis,  featuring  two  types  of  insects.  

• A  poster  illustrating  the  two  different  types  of  metamorphosis,  with  annotated  drawings  or  photos  representing  each  stage.  

• Physical  models  of  each  stage  of  metamorphosis,  using  clay,  foam  pieces,  or  other  materials.  

 Here  are  some  questions  to  discuss  with  your  student:  

• How  is  complete  metamorphosis  different  than  incomplete  metamorphosis?  • What  time  of  year  are  you  likely  to  see  insects  going  through  metamorphosis?  Why  do  

you  think  this  is  so?  • How  long  does  it  take  the  insects  you  researched  to  go  through  metamorphosis?