stefano barsali it academic village barcelona 12-15 may 2003 1 a test facility for distributed...
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1Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
A test facility for distributed cogeneration: experiences on a microturbine
and chiller based plant
S. Banetta, S. BarsaliUniversity of Pisa, Italy
Department of Electrical Systems and Automation
2Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
The cogeneration plant
• 45kW Microturbine
• 170kW absorption chiller/heater
• 330kW cooling tower
• Thermal (200kW) and electrical (50kW) load simulators
• Direct chiller connection to turbine exhaust
3Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
The cogeneration plant
4Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
The cogeneration plant
5Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Plant scheme and monitoring
PUMP
GAS
TURBINE ALTERNATOR POWER
CONDITIONING UNIT
TURBOALTERNATOR
CHP PLANT
FUEL LINE
AIR INLET
FUEL COMPRESSOR
Q
T,P
T,P,Q
V,W
T
T
T,Q T,Q
T
T EXHAUST
GAS EXHAUST
GAS
THERMAL LOAD
CHILLED/HEATED WATER
GENERATOR
CONDENSER
EV
AP
OR
AT
OR
AB
SO
RB
ER
COOLING WATER
PUMP COOLING TOWER
V,W
LOCAL ELECTRIC LOAD
REMOTE ELECTRIC
LOAD (FACULTY)
DIS
TR
IBU
TIO
N G
RID
CHILLER/HEATER
1
2 3
4
5
6Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
0
200
400
600
800
10
30
50
70
90
110
130
Time [s]
Wat
er te
mpe
ratu
re [
°C]
Gas
tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Turbine exhaust - 1
Chiller inlet - 2
Chiller outlet - 3
Cooling water - 5
Chilled water - 4
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
0
200
400
600
800
10
30
50
70
90
110
130
Time [s]
Wat
er te
mpe
ratu
re [
°C]
Gas
tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Turbine exhaust - 1
Chiller inlet - 2
Chiller outlet - 3
Heated water - 4
Cooling mode Heating modeOperation tests
7Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Electricity 38 kW
Chilling power 111.6 kW
Turboaltern. losses
16.4 kW
Duct losses
45.7 kW
Chiller losses
50.4 kW
Exhaust residual 55.4 kW
Cooling water
254.5 kW
Fuel 348.8 kW
Electricity 36.9 kW
Heating power 174.7 kW
Turboaltern. losses
16.4 kW
Duct losses
45.7 kW
Chiller losses
21.1 kW
Exhaust residual 47.6 kW
Fuel 342.8 kW
Power balanceCooling mode Heating mode
8Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Interface response 1
0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 -400
-200
0
200
400
-150
-75
0
75
150
0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 -400
-200
0
200
400
-150
0
150
Cu
rre
nt
[A]
-75
75
Cu
rre
nt
[A]
Vol
tag
e [V
] V
olta
ge
[V]
Time [s]
Time [s]
Load step
9Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Interface response 2
Loss of mains
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Time [s]
47
48
49
50
51
Fre
qu
ency
[H
z]
10Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
0.0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 -400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
0.0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
0.0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10
Vol
tage
[V
]
Cur
ren
t [A
]
Vol
tage
[V
]
Cur
ren
t [A
]
Cur
ren
t [A
]
Vol
tage
[V
]
Time [s]
Time [s]
Time [s]
Interface response 3
Automatic reclosure
11Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Remarks
• Low turboalternator efficiency, high losses• High temperatures mean high thermal losses• Fast interface response• High sensitivity to grid disturbances• Large impact of permitting procedure• High cost of measuring and monitoring
system
12Stefano Barsali IT Academic Village
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Future activity
• Set up of exhaust heat insulation
• Set up of a remote unit control system
• Development and testing of a biomass fired Stirling engine