microturbine vs. other generation sets

MicroTurbine VSOther Gensets

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation* Technology ComparisonInitial Investment Data: CA Statewide SGIP Program Statistics through Q4 2007Microturbine, Recip and Fuel Cell statistics are for Natural Gas Fueled Systems (no biogas projects)Assumptions:NG Systems are CHP and all achieve 80% total efficiency. Comparisons based on EPA data for avg. US Power Plant,avg. US passenger vehicle and 80% NG boiler Gas and Electric Utility rates based on SCE TOU tariff.Microturbines have lower maintenance costs than fuel cells & reciprocating engine systems. CHP systems operate8,000hrs/yr; wind & solar PV 1,500hrs. Analysis assumes no incentives


Chart1

-86903800

-76601831.675

-36903700

-24102606.1438

-28923892.1337

Initial Investment

10 Year Net Savings

$ per KW over 10 Years

Chart Return

-86903800-4890

-76601831.675-5828.325

-3690370010

-24102606.1438196.1438

Initial Investment

10 Year Net Savings

Net Benefit

$ per KW

Chart Emiss

-579.3333333333157.0680628272243.1441048035

-510.6666666667735.5582460733929.0630436681

-246157.0680628272243.1441048035

-160.6666666667356.033394166903.5870466475

Initial Investment (as $15k Cars)

Cars Removed (NOx)

Cars removed (CO2)

Number of Cars

1 MW Project Comparison

Initial Cost

8690

7660

3690

2892

2410

Initial Investment

$ Per Kw

Sample Installed Cost

Cost of ownership

5828.325

4890

-10

-196.1438

-1000.1337

Net $ per kW

$ Per kW

Net Cost of Ownership Over 10 Years

Emmissions

243.1441048035

243.1441048035

903.5870466475

929.0630436681

957.5981445971

Cars Removed

Number of Cars

Equivalent Cars Removed (CO2) for 1 MW Project

Sheet1

Sources:

(1)Cost to Operate CalculationsSavings CalculationsNet SavingsEmissionsTotal Annual Emissions(1 MW system)US Grid Electric Emissions (1 MW)Offset Boiler EmissionsTotal Offset EmissionsEquivalent Cars Removed

TechnologyTICOperating Hours per YearElectrical EfficiencyTotal EfficiencyGas PriceNet Fuel CostMaint CostTotal CostElectric CostTotal Energy SavingsTen Year Cash FlowNet CashNOxCO2NOxCO2NOxCO2NOxCO2NOxCO2NOxCO2

[$/kW][%][%][$/MMBTU][$/kWh][$/kWh][$/kWh][$/kWh][$/yr][$/kWh][$/yr]lb/MWhlb/MWhlblblblblblblblb

Fuel Cells7660820040%80%$10.00$0.034130.0426625$0.035$0.078$637$0.100$820$1,832-$5,82801098.1327509004688.5524600114144003498.3258228060.428098.32510637771.85736929

Solar PV869020000$10.00$0.03413$0.010$0.010$20$0.200$400$3,800-$4,89000006000278400060002784000157243

Wind369020000$10.00$0.03413$0.015$0.015$30$0.200$400$3,700$1000006000278400060002784000157243

Recip CHP24108059.235%80%$10.00$0.034130.0426625$0.025$0.068$545$0.100$806$2,606$1961.81255.008857142914506.5610114367.381485724177.611218406.43929.43565714299242032.665613600.475657142910346071.6841143356904

Microturbine CHP28928584.833%80%$10.00$0.034130.0426625$0.012$0.055$469$0.100$858$3,892$1,0000.141331.071201.87211426969.73625754.411950041.64439.382181818210441426.891636428991.910181818210964498.7556364759958

US Grid Avg31,392

Low NOx Boiler82000.2133125501.711

0.8US Passenger Car Annual EmissionsNOx38.2[lbs]

SourcesCO211,450[lbs]

(1) CA Statewide SGIP Program Statistics through Q4, 2007total fuelfraction to hot waterwhat a boiler needs for fuelfuel creditnetCO2

3.030303030347%0.58751.78030303031.25117lb/MMBTU [HHV]

128.7lb/MMBTU [LHV]

0.4392531lb/kWh [LHV]

Initial Investment10 Year Net SavingsNet BenefitCars Removed (NOx)Cars removed (CO2)Initial Investment (as $15k Cars)

Solar PV$(8,690)$3,800$(4,890)157243(579.33)

Fuel Cells$(7,660)$1,832$(5,828)736929(510.67)

Wind$(3,690)$3,700$10157243(246.00)

Recip$(2,410)$2,606$196356904(160.67)

Microturbine$(2,892)$3,892$1,000759958(192.80)

Net $ per kW

Fuel Cells$5,828

Solar PV$4,890

Wind$(10)

Recip CHP$(196)

Microturbine CHP$(1,000)

Initial Investment

Solar PV$8,690

Fuel Cells$7,660

Wind$3,690

Microturbine$2,892

Recip$2,410

Cars Removed

Solar PV243

Wind243

Recip CHP904

Fuel Cells929

Microturbine CHP958

&L&F

Sheet2

Sheet3



Chart1

-86903800

-76601831.675

-36903700

-24102606.1438

-28923892.1337

Initial Investment

10 Year Net Savings


Chart Return

-86903800-4890

-76601831.675-5828.325

-3690370010

-24102606.1438196.1438

Initial Investment

10 Year Net Savings

Net Benefit

$ per KW

Chart Emiss

-579.3333333333157.0680628272243.1441048035

-510.6666666667735.5582460733929.0630436681

-246157.0680628272243.1441048035

-160.6666666667356.033394166903.5870466475


Cars Removed (NOx)

Cars removed (CO2)

Number of Cars


Initial Cost

8690

7660

3690

2892

2410

Initial Investment

$ Per Kw

Cost of ownership

5828.325

4890

-10

-196.1438

-1000.1337

Net $ per kW

$ Per kW

Net Cost of Ownership Over 10 Years

Emmissions

243.1441048035

243.1441048035

903.5870466475

929.0630436681

957.5981445971

Cars Removed

Number of Cars


Sheet1

Sources:




Fuel Cells7660820040%80%$10.00$0.034130.0426625$0.035$0.078$637$0.100$820$1,832-$5,82801098.1327509004688.5524600114144003498.3258228060.428098.32510637771.85736929

Solar PV869020000$10.00$0.03413$0.010$0.010$20$0.200$400$3,800-$4,89000006000278400060002784000157243

Wind369020000$10.00$0.03413$0.015$0.015$30$0.200$400$3,700$1000006000278400060002784000157243

Recip CHP24108059.235%80%$10.00$0.034130.0426625$0.025$0.068$545$0.100$806$2,606$1961.81255.008857142914506.5610114367.381485724177.611218406.43929.43565714299242032.665613600.475657142910346071.6841143356904

Microturbine CHP28928584.833%80%$10.00$0.034130.0426625$0.012$0.055$469$0.100$858$3,892$1,0000.141331.071201.87211426969.73625754.411950041.64439.382181818210441426.891636428991.910181818210964498.7556364759958

US Grid Avg31,392

Low NOx Boiler82000.2133125501.711




3.030303030347%0.58751.78030303031.25117lb/MMBTU [HHV]

128.7lb/MMBTU [LHV]

0.4392531lb/kWh [LHV]


Solar PV$(8,690)$3,800$(4,890)157243(579.33)

Fuel Cells$(7,660)$1,832$(5,828)736929(510.67)

Wind$(3,690)$3,700$10157243(246.00)

Recip CHP$(2,410)$2,606$196356904(160.67)

Microturbine CHP$(2,892)$3,892$1,000759958(192.80)

Net $ per kW

Fuel Cells$5,828

Solar PV$4,890

Wind$(10)

Recip CHP$(196)

Microturbine CHP$(1,000)

Initial Investment

Solar PV$8,690

Fuel Cells$7,660

Wind$3,690

Microturbine CHP$2,892

Recip CHP$2,410

Cars Removed

Solar PV243

Wind243

Recip904

Fuel Cells929

Microturbine958

&L&F

Sheet2

Sheet3



Chart1

-86903800

-76601831.675

-36903700

-24102606.1438

-28923892.1337

Initial Investment

10 Year Net Savings


Chart Return

-86903800-4890

-76604291.675-3368.325

-3690370010

-24105023.90382613.9038

Initial Investment

10 Year Net Savings

Net Benefit

$ per KW

Chart Emiss

-579.3333333333157.0680628272243.1441048035

-510.6666666667735.5582460733929.0630436681

-246157.0680628272243.1441048035

-160.6666666667356.033394166903.5870466475


Cars Removed (NOx)

Cars removed (CO2)

Number of Cars


Initial Cost

8690

7660

3690

2892

2410

Initial Investment

$ Per Kw

Cost of ownership

-4890

-3368.325

10

2613.9038

3575.5737

$ Per kW

Sample Net Benefit of Ownership Over 10 Years

Emmissions

243.1441048035

243.1441048035

903.5870466475

929.0630436681

957.5981445971

Cars Removed

Number of Cars


Sheet1

Sources:




Fuel Cells7660820040%80%$10.00$0.034130.0426625$0.035$0.078$637$14,028$0.130$1,066$4,292-$3,36801098.1327509004688.5524600114144003498.3258228060.428098.32510637771.85736929

Solar PV869020000$10.00$0.03413$0.010$0.010$20$8,890$0.200$400$3,800-$4,89000006000278400060002784000157243

Wind369020000$10.00$0.03413$0.015$0.015$30$3,990$0.200$400$3,700$1000006000278400060002784000157243

Recip CHP24108059.235%80%$10.00$0.034130.0426625$0.025$0.068$545$7,863$0.130$1,048$5,024$2,6141.81255.008857142914506.5610114367.381485724177.611218406.43929.43565714299242032.665613600.475657142910346071.6841143356904

Microturbine CHP28928584.833%80%$10.00$0.034130.0426625$0.012$0.055$469$7,585$0.130$1,116$6,468$3,5760.141331.071201.87211426969.73625754.411950041.64439.382181818210441426.891636428991.910181818210964498.7556364759958

US Grid Avg31,392

Low NOx Boiler106600.2133125501.711




3.030303030347%0.58751.78030303031.25117lb/MMBTU [HHV]

128.7lb/MMBTU [LHV]

0.4392531lb/kWh [LHV]


Solar PV$(8,690)$3,800$(4,890)157243(579.33)

Fuel Cells$(7,660)$4,292$(3,368)736929(510.67)

Wind$(3,690)$3,700$10157243(246.00)

Recip CHP$(2,410)$5,024$2,614356904(160.67)

Microturbine CHP$(2,892)$6,468$3,576759958(192.80)

Net $ per kW

Solar PV$(4,890)

Fuel Cells$(3,368)

Wind$10

Recip CHP$2,614


Initial Investment

Solar PV$8,690

Fuel Cells$7,660

Wind$3,690


Recip CHP$2,410

Cars Removed

Solar PV243

Wind243

Recip CHP904

Fuel Cells929

Microturbine CHP958

&L&F

Sheet2

Sheet3

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation*Gas Turbine ComparisonHighest Efficiency Less than 5 MW


GTData

ManufacturerModelMWElectrical EfficiencyNOx EmissionsWebsite

CapstoneC2000.20033.04http://www.microturbine.com/_docs/C200%20High%20NATGAS.pdf

CapstoneC10001.00033.04http://www.microturbine.com/_docs/C1000%20HPNG.pdf



Centrax Gas TurbinesRolls Roycehttp://www.centrax.eu.com/kb3.htm

Dresser-RandKG2-3C1.49916.1http://www.dresser-rand.com/turbo/eq/kgturbine.asp#top

Dresser-RandKG2-3E1.89516.7http://www.dresser-rand.com/turbo/eq/kgturbine.asp#top

ElliottTA100R0.10030.622http://www.elliottmicroturbines.com/files/EESI_51-1.pdf

General ElectricGE5-1 (DLN)5.50030.6http://www.gepower.com/businesses/ge_oilandgas/en/downloads/gas_turb_cat.pdf

Ingersol RandMT2500.22530.05http://energy.ingersollrand.com/downloads/pdfs/250_Spec_026LTA.pdf

KawasakiGPB15D1.45023.814http://www.kawasakigasturbines.com/files/gtgs012206.pdf



OPRA TurbinesOP16-3B (DLE)1.80026.025http://www.opra.nl/upload/Products/Spec%20sheet%20-%20performance%20-US.pdf

Pratt WhitneyST6L-7950.67924.7http://www.pw.utc.com/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextrefresh=1&vgnextoid=584cb839652db010VgnVCM1000000881000aRCRD

Pratt WhitneyST6L-8130.84826.0http://www.pw.utc.com/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextrefresh=1&vgnextoid=584cb839652db010VgnVCM1000000881000aRCRD

Pratt WhitneyST18A1.96130.2http://www.pw.utc.com/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextrefresh=1&vgnextoid=584cb839652db010VgnVCM1000000881000aRCRD

Pratt WhitneyST404.03933.1http://www.pw.utc.com/vgn-ext-templating/v/index.jsp?vgnextrefresh=1&vgnextoid=584cb839652db010VgnVCM1000000881000aRCRD

Rolls Royce501-KB5S3.89727.525http://www.rolls-royce.com/energy/downloads/oilgas/fs_501.pdf

Rolls Royce501-KB7S5.24529.825http://www.rolls-royce.com/energy/downloads/oilgas/fs_501.pdf

SiemensSGT-1005.25030.525http://www.powergeneration.siemens.com/products-solutions-services/products-packages/gas-turbines/small-scale/sgt-100-series/sgt-100-series-1s/technical-data/sgt-100-1s-technical-data.htm

Solar TurbinesSaturn 201.20024.3http://mysolar.cat.com/cda/layout?m=41101&x=7

Solar TurbinesCentaur 403.50027.8http://mysolar.cat.com/cda/layout?m=41102&x=7

Solar TurbinesCentaur 504.60029.3http://mysolar.cat.com/cda/layout?m=41103&x=7

Solar TurbinesMercury 504.60038.5http://mysolar.cat.com/cda/layout?m=41105&x=7

Solar TurbinesMars 10010.70032.5http://mysolar.cat.com/cda/layout?m=41107&x=7

Solar TurbinesTitan 13015.00035.2http://mysolar.cat.com/cda/layout?m=41108&x=7

TurbomachSolar Turbineshttp://www.turbomach.com/ingles/productos/marcos.htm

Vericor Power SystemsASE80.48720.4http://www.vericor.com/products/productsVPSSeries.htmlMTU



http://www.powergeneration.siemens.com/products-solutions-services/products-packages/gas-turbines/small-scale/sgt-100-series/sgt-100-series-1s/technical-data/sgt-100-1s-technical-data.htm

http://mysolar.cat.com/cda/layout?m=41105&x=7




http://www.opra.nl/upload/Products/Spec%20sheet%20-%20performance%20-US.pdf

http://www.rolls-royce.com/energy/downloads/oilgas/fs_501.pdf

http://energy.ingersollrand.com/downloads/pdfs/250_Spec_026LTA.pdf



http://www.microturbine.com/_docs/C1000%20HPNG.pdf

http://www.microturbine.com/_docs/C200%20High%20NATGAS.pdf

http://www.rolls-royce.com/energy/downloads/oilgas/fs_501.pdf

http://www.turbomach.com/ingles/productos/marcos.htm

http://www.vericor.com/products/productsVPSSeries.html





GTChart

32.99806576432.99806576430.456127822929.982425307630.596634370227.531671104723.82528127072624.327.829.338.523.210831721528.892455858729.812145041516.095140161816.710764517530.6283662478

33

33

Capstone C200

Capstone C1000

Siemens SGT-100

Ingersol Rand MT250

Elliott TA100R

Rolls Royce 501-KB5S

Kawasaki GPB15D

OPRA Turbines OP16-3B (DLE)

Solar Turbines Saturn 20

Solar Turbines Centaur 40

Solar Turbines Centaur 50

Solar Turbines Mercury 50

Kawasaki GPB30D

Kawasaki GPB60D

Rolls Royce 501-KB7S

Dresser-Rand KG2-3C

Dresser-Rand KG2-3E

General Electric GE5-1 (DLN)

Power Output (MW)

Electrical Efficiency (%)

ICData

ManufacturerModelMWElectrical EfficiencyNOx EmissionsPrice$/kWWebsite

CapstoneC2000.20033.04269,0001,345http://www.microturbine.com/_docs/C200%20High%20NATGAS.pdf

CapstoneC10001.00033.04914,600915http://www.microturbine.com/_docs/C1000%20HPNG.pdf



Cummins334 GFBA0.33434.3223,675670http://www.cumminspower.com/www/common/templatehtml/technicaldocument/SpecSheets/LeanBurn/na/QSK19G.pdf

Cummins1250 GQNA1.25038.8http://www.cumminspower.com/www/common/templatehtml/technicaldocument/SpecSheets/LeanBurn/na/s-1463.pdf

Cummins2000 GQPC2.00038.1http://www.cumminspower.com/www/common/templatehtml/technicaldocument/SpecSheets/LeanBurn/na/s-1463.pdf

JenbacherJGS 208 GS-N.L0.33535.8http://www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/recip_engines/en/downloads/type2_usver.pdf

JenbacherJGS 312 GS-N.L0.41838.7http://www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/recip_engines/en/downloads/type3_en_new.pdf

JenbacherJGS 320 GS-N.L0.72939.1$680,000933http://www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/recip_engines/en/downloads/type3_en_new.pdf

JenbacherJGS 420 GS-N.L1.00040.6http://www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/recip_engines/en/downloads/type4_en_new.pdf

JenbacherJGS 620 GS-N.L3.00041.6http://www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/recip_engines/en/downloads/type6_usver.pdf

Waukesha8L-AT27GL2.09035.8http://www.waukeshaengine.com/internet/businessunits/waukesha/pages/documents/publications/specsheets/7086.pdf

Waukesha12L-AT27GL3.13036.8http://www.waukeshaengine.com/internet/businessunits/waukesha/pages/documents/publications/specsheets/7084.pdf

Waukesha16V-AT27GL4.50037.2http://www.waukeshaengine.com/internet/businessunits/waukesha/pages/documents/publications/specsheets/7092.pdf


http://www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/recip_engines/en/downloads/type6_usver.pdf

http://www.waukeshaengine.com/internet/businessunits/waukesha/pages/documents/publications/specsheets/7086.pdf





ICChart

37.15485536.785822580135.815647039541.640.639.138.735.838.101619207138.847774109134.29145728643333

33

33

Waukesha 16V-AT27GL

Waukesha 12L-AT27GL

Waukesha 8L-AT27GL

Jenbacher JGS 620 GS-N.L





Cummins 2000 GQPC

Cummins 1250 GQNA

Cummins 334 GFBA

Capstone C1000

Capstone C200

Power Output (MW)

Electrical Efficiency (%)

Recip Engine Comparison (Product Data Sheets, January 2008)

FCData

ManufacturerModelMWElectrical EfficiencyNOx Emissions (ppm)Website

PEM0.005302

PEM0.250352

Phosphoric Acid0.050352

Phosphoric Acid0.200402

K/Li Carbonate0.250452

K/Li Carbonate3.000572

Solid Oxide - Zirconium Dioxide0.003452

Solid Oxide - Zirconium Dioxide3.000502

wBP

C200IR-250TA-100TA-100 (x2)BluePoint

ISO PowerkW190242100200260

Heat RateBTU/kWh11,00011,77012,33512,33510563

FuelMMBTU/hr2.12.81.22.52.7

Electrical Efficiency%33.029.027.627.732.3

CHP Efficiency%57.037.747.447.443.6

Overall Efficiency%90.066.774.975.175.9

Emissions (NOx)lb/MWhr0.070.071.601.600.09

Emissions (CO)lb/MWhr0.100.101.001.000.68

Exhaust TempF527.0468.0560.0560.0NA

Exhaust Flowlbm/s2.95.11.63.3NA

NoisedBA @ 1m7577627578

Footprintsqin8,83612,8894,29113194.36,720

Lengthin124.8151128.1128.1120

Widthin70.88533.510356

Heightin115.29088.788.784

Weightlbs8,50012,8904,50090009,985

Design Lifehrs80,00080,00080,00080,000Not Avail

Major Overhaulhrs40,00040,00040,00040,000Not Avail

Maint. Intervalhrs8,0004,0004,00040001,000

MaintenanceItemsAir FiltersOil Changes, Air FiltersOil Changes, Air FiltersOil Changes, Air FiltersOil Changes, Air Filters, Catalyst

Additional Equip.NoneParallel Equip, Brake ResistorNoneNoneSCR Catalyst

wo BP

C200IR-250TA-100TA-100 (x2)W3600GL

ISO PowerkW190242100200500

Heat RateBTU/kWh11,00011,77012,33512,33510,822

FuelMMBTU/hr2.12.81.22.55.4

Electrical Efficiency%31.029.027.627.731.5

CHP Efficiency%47.037.747.447.446.9

Overall Efficiency%78.166.774.975.178.5

Emissions (NOx)lb/MWhr0.070.071.601.602.95

Emissions (CO)lb/MWhr0.100.101.001.003.84

Exhaust TempF527.0468.0560.0560.0770

Exhaust Flowlbm/s/W15.321.116.416.44.5

Exhaust Flowlbm/s2.95.11.63.32.3

NoisedBA @ 1m7577627575*

Footprintsqin8,83612,8894,29113,19421,600

Lengthin124.8151128.1128.1

Widthin70.88533.5103

Heightin115.29088.788.7

Weightlbs/kW47.953454555

Weightlbs9,10012,8904,5009,00027,500

Design Lifehrs80,00080,00080,00080,00036,000

Major Overhaulhrs40,00040,00040,00040,00012,000

Maint. Intervalhrs8,0004,0004,0004,0001,500

MaintenanceItemsAir FiltersOil Changes, Air FiltersOil Changes, Air FiltersOil Changes, Air FiltersOil Changes, Air Filters, Valve Adjust

Additional Equip.NoneParallel Equip, Brake ResistorNoneNoneParallel Equip, Heat Exchange, Catalyst

*special packaging with sounds attenuation and isolation mounts

MBD01E3FC8D.unknown

MBD01E5B213.unknown

MBD01E40527.unknown

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation*C1000 Efficiency


Data

Load ShareSequenceTypical Turbine (Raw)Typical Turbinex value for typical 800 kwx value for typical 600 kw

PowerEfficiencyPowerEfficiencyEfficiencyEfficiencyEfficiencycomp eff

0000.000.000.000.00024.500

13.433.873.870.000.0002.46153846151.8461538462

26.767.627.620.000.0004.92307692313.6923076923

38.599.679.670.000.0007.38461538465.5384615385

49.91211.2711.270.000.0009.84615384627.3846153846

511.31512.8612.863.870.770.574482758612.30769230779.2307692308

612.61814.3414.343.871.551.148965517214.769230769211.0769230769

713.62215.4815.483.872.321.723448275917.230769230812.9230769231

814.62516.6116.613.873.102.297931034519.692307692314.7692307692

915.52817.6417.643.873.872.872413793122.153846153816.6153846154

1016.43118.6618.667.624.623.4324.615384615418.4615384615

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75732.8932.7631.6331.5023.3848275862605.5384615385454.1538461538

76032.8932.7831.6331.5423.4186206897608456

76332.8932.8131.6331.5923.4524137931610.4615384615457.8461538462

76632.8932.8331.6331.6323.4862068966612.9230769231459.6923076923

76932.8932.8531.7531.6623.5031034483615.3846153846461.5384615385

77232.8932.8731.7531.6823.52617.8461538462463.3846153846

77532.8932.9031.7531.7023.5368965517620.3076923077465.2307692308

77832.8932.9031.7531.7323.5537931034622.7692307692467.0769230769

78232.8932.9231.7531.7523.5706896552625.2307692308468.9230769231

78532.8932.9531.8631.7723.5875862069627.6923076923470.7692307692

78832.8932.9731.8631.7923.6044827586630.1538461538472.6153846154

79133.0032.9731.8631.8223.6213793103632.6153846154474.4615384615

79433.0032.9731.8631.8423.6382758621635.0769230769476.3076923077

79733.0033.0031.8631.8623.6551724138637.5384615385478.1538461538

80033.0033.0031.9831.8823.6720689655640480

80331.9833.0131.9831.9123.6889655172642.4615384615481.8461538462

80631.9832.9331.9831.9323.705862069644.9230769231483.6923076923

80931.9832.8631.9831.9523.7227586207647.3846153846485.5384615385

81231.9832.7931.9831.9823.7396551724649.8461538462487.3846153846

81532.0932.7432.0932.0023.7565517241652.3076923077489.2307692308

81832.0932.7032.0932.0223.7734482759654.7692307692491.0769230769

82232.0932.6632.0932.0423.7903448276657.2307692308492.9230769231

82532.0932.6332.0932.0723.8072413793659.6923076923494.7692307692

82832.0932.6132.0932.0923.824137931662.1538461538496.6153846154

83132.0932.5932.0932.0923.824137931664.6153846154498.4615384615

83432.2032.5732.2032.1123.8410344828667.0769230769500.3076923077

83732.2032.5632.2032.1423.8579310345669.5384615385502.1538461538

84032.2032.5432.2032.1623.8748275862672504

84332.2032.5332.2032.1823.8917241379674.4615384615505.8461538462

84632.3232.5232.3232.2323.9255172414676.9230769231507.6923076923

84932.3232.5232.3232.2523.9424137931679.3846153846509.5384615385

85232.3232.5232.3232.2723.9593103448681.8461538462511.3846153846

85532.3232.5132.3232.2923.9762068966684.3076923077513.2307692308

85832.3232.5132.3232.3223.9931034483686.7692307692515.0769230769

86232.4332.5132.4332.3424.01689.2307692308516.9230769231

86532.4332.5132.4332.3624.0268965517691.6923076923518.7692307692

86832.4332.5132.4332.3924.0437931034694.1538461538520.6153846154

87132.4332.5132.4332.4124.0606896552696.6153846154522.4615384615

87432.4332.5232.4332.4324.0775862069699.0769230769524.3076923077

87732.5432.5232.5432.4524.0944827586701.5384615385526.1538461538

88032.5432.5132.5432.4824.1113793103704528

88332.5432.5232.5432.5024.1282758621706.4615384615529.8461538462

88632.5432.5332.5432.5224.1451724138708.9230769231531.6923076923

88932.5432.5332.5432.5424.1620689655711.3846153846533.5384615385

89232.5432.5432.5432.5424.1620689655713.8461538462535.3846153846

89532.5432.5532.5432.5424.1620689655716.3076923077537.2307692308

89832.5432.5632.5432.5424.1620689655718.7692307692539.0769230769

90232.5432.5932.5432.5424.1620689655721.2307692308540.9230769231

90532.5432.6032.5432.5424.1620689655723.6923076923542.7692307692

90832.5432.6132.5432.5424.1620689655726.1538461538544.6153846154

91132.6632.6332.6632.5724.1789655172728.6153846154546.4615384615

91432.6632.6432.6632.5924.195862069731.0769230769548.3076923077

91732.6632.6632.6632.6124.2127586207733.5384615385550.1538461538

92032.6632.6832.6632.6424.2296551724736552

92332.7732.7032.7732.6824.2634482759738.4615384615553.8461538462

92632.7732.7232.7732.7024.2803448276740.9230769231555.6923076923

92932.7732.7432.7732.7324.2972413793743.3846153846557.5384615385

93232.7732.7532.7732.7524.314137931745.8461538462559.3846153846

93532.7732.7832.7732.7724.3310344828748.3076923077561.2307692308

93832.8932.8132.8932.8024.3479310345750.7692307692563.0769230769

94232.8932.8232.8932.8224.3648275862753.2307692308564.9230769231

94532.8932.8532.8932.8424.3817241379755.6923076923566.7692307692

94832.8932.8632.8932.8624.3986206897758.1538461538568.6153846154

95132.8932.8932.8932.8924.4155172414760.6153846154570.4615384615

95432.8932.9032.8932.8924.4155172414763.0769230769572.3076923077

95732.8932.9232.8932.8924.4155172414765.5384615385574.1538461538

96032.8932.9332.8932.8924.4155172414768576

96332.8932.9532.8932.8924.4155172414770.4615384615577.8461538462

96632.8932.9732.8932.8924.4155172414772.9230769231579.6923076923

96932.8932.9932.8932.8924.4155172414775.3846153846581.5384615385

97232.8933.0032.8932.8924.4155172414777.8461538462583.3846153846

97532.8933.0232.8932.8924.4155172414780.3076923077585.2307692308

97832.8933.0232.8932.8924.4155172414782.7692307692587.0769230769

98232.8933.0432.8932.8924.4155172414785.2307692308588.9230769231

98533.0033.0633.0032.9124.4324137931787.6923076923590.7692307692

98833.0033.0833.0032.9324.4493103448790.1538461538592.6153846154

99133.0033.0833.0032.9524.4662068966792.6153846154594.4615384615

99433.0033.0833.0032.9824.4831034483795.0769230769596.3076923077

99733.0033.1033.0033.0024.5797.5384615385598.1538461538

100033.0033.1033.0033.0024.5800600

C1000 eff

00

3.86896551720

7.6241379310

9.67241379310

11.26551724140

12.85862068970.5744827586

14.33793103451.1489655172

15.4758620691.7234482759

16.61379310342.2979310345

17.63793103452.8724137931

18.66206896553.43

19.45862068973.9875862069

20.25517241384.5451724138

20.93793103455.1027586207

21.50689655175.6603448276

22.0758620695.9644827586

22.64482758626.2686206897

23.21379310346.5727586207

23.66896551726.8768965517

24.1241379317.1810344828

24.46551724147.4175862069

24.92068965527.654137931

25.26206896557.8906896552

25.60344827598.1272413793

25.94482758628.3637931034

26.17241379318.6003448276

26.48.8368965517

26.74137931039.0734482759

26.96896551729.31

27.19655172419.5465517241

27.4241379319.7662068966

27.76551724149.985862069

27.993103448310.2055172414

28.334482758610.4251724138

28.562068965510.6448275862

28.789655172410.8137931034

29.017241379310.9827586207

29.244827586211.1517241379

29.472413793111.3206896552

29.711.4896551724

29.927586206911.6586206897

30.155172413811.8275862069

30.382758620711.9965517241

30.496551724112.1655172414

30.72413793112.3344827586

30.951724137912.3344827586

31.065517241412.4865517241

31.293103448312.6386206897

31.406896551712.7906896552

31.634482758612.9427586207

31.748275862113.2468965517

31.862068965513.3989655172

31.97586206913.5510344828

32.089655172413.7031034483

32.203448275913.8551724138

32.317241379313.9734482759

32.431034482814.0917241379

32.544827586214.21

32.544827586214.3282758621

32.658620689714.4465517241

32.772413793114.5648275862

32.886206896614.6831034483

32.886206896614.8013793103

32.886206896614.9196551724

3315.0379310345

3315.1393103448

28.334482758615.2406896552

28.334482758615.3420689655

28.334482758615.4434482759

28.562068965515.5448275862

28.789655172415.6293103448

28.789655172415.7137931034

29.017241379315.7982758621

29.017241379315.8827586207

29.244827586215.9672413793

29.244827586216.0517241379

29.244827586216.1362068966

29.472413793116.2206896552

29.716.3051724138

29.716.3896551724

29.927586206916.474137931

29.927586206916.5586206897

30.155172413816.6431034483

30.155172413816.7275862069

30.382758620716.8120689655

30.382758620716.8965517241

30.496551724116.9810344828

30.496551724117.0655172414

30.72413793117.15

30.72413793117.2344827586

30.951724137917.2344827586

30.951724137917.3020689655

31.065517241417.3696551724

31.065517241417.4372413793

31.293103448317.5048275862

31.293103448317.64

31.293103448317.7075862069

31.406896551717.7751724138

31.634482758617.8427586207

31.634482758617.9103448276

31.634482758617.9103448276

31.748275862117.9610344828

31.748275862118.0117241379

31.862068965518.0624137931

31.97586206918.1131034483

31.97586206918.2313793103

32.089655172418.2989655172

32.089655172418.3665517241

32.089655172418.434137931

32.203448275918.5017241379

32.317241379318.5524137931

32.317241379318.6031034483

32.431034482818.6537931034

32.431034482818.7044827586

32.544827586218.7551724138

32.544827586218.805862069

32.544827586218.8565517241

32.544827586218.9072413793

32.658620689718.9579310345

32.658620689719.0086206897

32.772413793119.0593103448

32.772413793119.11

32.886206896619.1606896552

32.886206896619.2113793103

32.886206896619.2620689655

32.886206896619.295862069

32.886206896619.3296551724

32.886206896619.3634482759

32.886206896619.3972413793

3319.4310344828

3319.4648275862

30.496551724119.4986206897

30.72413793119.5324137931

30.72413793119.5662068966

30.72413793119.6

30.951724137919.6

30.951724137919.6506896552

30.951724137919.7013793103

31.065517241419.7520689655

31.065517241419.8027586207

31.065517241419.8872413793

31.293103448319.9210344828

31.293103448319.9548275862

31.293103448319.9886206897

31.406896551720.0224137931

31.406896551720.0562068966

31.406896551720.09

31.634482758620.1237931034

31.634482758620.1575862069

31.634482758620.1913793103

31.634482758620.2251724138

31.748275862120.2589655172

31.748275862120.2927586207

31.862068965520.3265517241

31.862068965520.3603448276

31.862068965520.3603448276

31.97586206920.4110344828

31.97586206920.4617241379

31.97586206920.5124137931

32.089655172420.5631034483

32.089655172420.6475862069

32.089655172420.6813793103

32.203448275920.7151724138

32.203448275920.7489655172

32.203448275920.7827586207

32.317241379320.8334482759

32.317241379320.884137931

32.317241379320.9348275862

32.317241379320.9855172414

32.431034482821.0362068966

32.431034482821.07

32.544827586221.1037931034

32.544827586221.1375862069

32.544827586221.1713793103

32.544827586221.2051724138

32.544827586221.2389655172

32.544827586221.2727586207

32.658620689721.3065517241

32.658620689721.3403448276

32.658620689721.374137931

32.772413793121.374137931

32.772413793121.4079310345

32.772413793121.4417241379

32.886206896621.4755172414

32.886206896621.5093103448

32.886206896621.5768965517

32.886206896621.6106896552

32.886206896621.6444827586

32.886206896621.6782758621

32.886206896621.7120689655

32.886206896621.745862069

32.886206896621.7796551724

32.886206896621.8134482759

3321.8472413793

3321.8810344828

3321.9148275862

31.634482758621.9486206897

31.634482758621.9824137931

31.634482758622.0162068966

31.634482758622.05

31.634482758622.05

31.748275862122.0837931034

31.748275862122.1175862069

31.748275862122.1513793103

31.748275862122.1851724138

31.862068965522.2527586207

31.862068965522.2865517241

31.862068965522.3203448276

31.97586206922.354137931

31.97586206922.3879310345

31.97586206922.4217241379

31.97586206922.4555172414

32.089655172422.4893103448

32.089655172422.5231034483

32.089655172422.5568965517

32.089655172422.5737931034

32.203448275922.5906896552

32.203448275922.6075862069

32.203448275922.6244827586

32.203448275922.6413793103

32.317241379322.6751724138

32.317241379322.7089655172

32.317241379322.7427586207

32.317241379322.7765517241

32.431034482822.8103448276

32.431034482822.844137931

32.431034482822.8779310345

32.431034482822.9117241379

32.544827586222.9455172414

32.544827586222.9793103448

32.544827586222.9793103448

32.544827586222.9962068966

32.544827586223.0131034483

32.544827586223.03

32.544827586223.0468965517

32.544827586223.0975862069

32.658620689723.1313793103

32.658620689723.1651724138

32.658620689723.1989655172

32.658620689723.2327586207

32.772413793123.2496551724

32.772413793123.2665517241

32.772413793123.2834482759

32.772413793123.3003448276

32.886206896623.3172413793

32.886206896623.3510344828

32.886206896623.3848275862

32.886206896623.4186206897

32.886206896623.4524137931

32.886206896623.4862068966

32.886206896623.5031034483

32.886206896623.52

32.886206896623.5368965517

32.886206896623.5537931034

32.886206896623.5706896552

32.886206896623.5875862069

32.886206896623.6044827586

3323.6213793103

3323.6382758621

3323.6551724138

3323.6720689655

31.97586206923.6889655172

31.97586206923.705862069

31.97586206923.7227586207

31.97586206923.7396551724

32.089655172423.7565517241

32.089655172423.7734482759

32.089655172423.7903448276

32.089655172423.8072413793

32.089655172423.824137931

32.089655172423.824137931

32.203448275923.8410344828

32.203448275923.8579310345

32.203448275923.8748275862

32.203448275923.8917241379

32.317241379323.9255172414

32.317241379323.9424137931

32.317241379323.9593103448

32.317241379323.9762068966

32.317241379323.9931034483

32.431034482824.01

32.431034482824.0268965517

32.431034482824.0437931034

32.431034482824.0606896552

32.431034482824.0775862069

32.544827586224.0944827586

32.544827586224.1113793103

32.544827586224.1282758621

32.544827586224.1451724138

32.544827586224.1620689655

32.544827586224.1620689655

32.544827586224.1620689655

32.544827586224.1620689655

32.544827586224.1620689655

32.544827586224.1620689655

32.544827586224.1620689655

32.658620689724.1789655172

32.658620689724.195862069

32.658620689724.2127586207

32.658620689724.2296551724

32.772413793124.2634482759

32.772413793124.2803448276

32.772413793124.2972413793

32.772413793124.314137931

32.772413793124.3310344828

32.886206896624.3479310345

32.886206896624.3648275862

32.886206896624.3817241379

32.886206896624.3986206897

32.886206896624.4155172414

32.886206896624.4155172414

32.886206896624.4155172414

32.886206896624.4155172414

32.886206896624.4155172414

32.886206896624.4155172414

32.886206896624.4155172414

32.886206896624.4155172414

32.886206896624.4155172414

32.886206896624.4155172414

32.886206896624.4155172414

3324.4324137931

3324.4493103448

3324.4662068966

3324.4831034483

3324.5

3324.5

Capstone C1000

Typical

Power (kW)

Efficiency (%)

Capstone C1000 Part Load Efficiencyvs. Typical 1 MW Turbine

C800 eff

00

3.86896551720

7.6241379310

9.67241379310

11.26551724140

12.85862068970.5627586207

14.33793103451.1255172414

15.4758620691.6882758621

16.61379310342.2510344828

17.63793103452.8137931034

18.66206896553.36

19.45862068973.9062068966

20.25517241384.4524137931

20.93793103454.9986206897

21.50689655175.5448275862

22.0758620695.8427586207

22.64482758626.1406896552

23.21379310346.4386206897

23.66896551726.7365517241

24.1241379317.0344827586

24.46551724147.2662068966

24.92068965527.4979310345

25.26206896557.7296551724

25.60344827597.9613793103

25.94482758628.1931034483

26.17241379318.4248275862

26.48.6565517241

26.74137931038.8882758621

26.96896551729.12

27.19655172419.3517241379

27.4241379319.5668965517

27.76551724149.7820689655

27.99310344839.9972413793

28.334482758610.2124137931

28.562068965510.4275862069

28.789655172410.5931034483

29.017241379310.7586206897

29.244827586210.924137931

29.472413793111.0896551724

29.711.2551724138

29.927586206911.4206896552

30.155172413811.5862068966

30.382758620711.7517241379

30.496551724111.9172413793

30.72413793112.0827586207

30.951724137912.0827586207

31.065517241412.2317241379

31.293103448312.3806896552

31.406896551712.5296551724

31.634482758612.6786206897

31.748275862112.9765517241

31.862068965513.1255172414

31.97586206913.2744827586

32.089655172413.4234482759

32.203448275913.5724137931

32.317241379313.6882758621

32.431034482813.804137931

32.544827586213.92

32.544827586214.035862069

32.658620689714.1517241379

32.772413793114.2675862069

32.886206896614.3834482759

32.886206896614.4993103448

32.886206896614.6151724138

3314.7310344828

3314.8303448276

28.334482758614.9296551724

28.334482758615.0289655172

28.334482758615.1282758621

28.562068965515.2275862069

28.789655172415.3103448276

28.789655172415.3931034483

29.017241379315.475862069

29.017241379315.5586206897

29.244827586215.6413793103

29.244827586215.724137931

29.244827586215.8068965517

29.472413793115.8896551724

29.715.9724137931

29.716.0551724138

29.927586206916.1379310345

29.927586206916.2206896552

30.155172413816.3034482759

30.155172413816.3862068966

30.382758620716.4689655172

30.382758620716.5517241379

30.496551724116.6344827586

30.496551724116.7172413793

30.72413793116.8

30.72413793116.8827586207

30.951724137916.8827586207

30.951724137916.9489655172

31.065517241417.0151724138

31.065517241417.0813793103

31.293103448317.1475862069

31.293103448317.28

31.293103448317.3462068966

31.406896551717.4124137931

31.634482758617.4786206897

31.634482758617.5448275862

31.634482758617.5448275862

31.748275862117.5944827586

31.748275862117.644137931

31.862068965517.6937931034

31.97586206917.7434482759

31.97586206917.8593103448

32.089655172417.9255172414

32.089655172417.9917241379

32.089655172418.0579310345

32.203448275918.124137931

32.317241379318.1737931034

32.317241379318.2234482759

32.431034482818.2731034483

32.431034482818.3227586207

32.544827586218.3724137931

32.544827586218.4220689655

32.544827586218.4717241379

32.544827586218.5213793103

32.658620689718.5710344828

32.658620689718.6206896552

32.772413793118.6703448276

32.772413793118.72

32.886206896618.7696551724

32.886206896618.8193103448

32.886206896618.8689655172

32.886206896618.9020689655

32.886206896618.9351724138

32.886206896618.9682758621

32.886206896619.0013793103

3319.0344827586

3319.0675862069

30.496551724119.1006896552

30.72413793119.1337931034

30.72413793119.1668965517

30.72413793119.2

30.951724137919.2

30.951724137919.2496551724

30.951724137919.2993103448

31.065517241419.3489655172

31.065517241419.3986206897

31.065517241419.4813793103

31.293103448319.5144827586

31.293103448319.5475862069

31.293103448319.5806896552

31.406896551719.6137931034

31.406896551719.6468965517

31.406896551719.68

31.634482758619.7131034483

31.634482758619.7462068966

31.634482758619.7793103448

31.634482758619.8124137931

31.748275862119.8455172414

31.748275862119.8786206897

31.862068965519.9117241379

31.862068965519.9448275862

31.862068965519.9448275862

31.97586206919.9944827586

31.97586206920.044137931

31.97586206920.0937931034

32.089655172420.1434482759

32.089655172420.2262068966

32.089655172420.2593103448

32.203448275920.2924137931

32.203448275920.3255172414

32.203448275920.3586206897

32.317241379320.4082758621

32.317241379320.4579310345

32.317241379320.5075862069

32.317241379320.5572413793

32.431034482820.6068965517

32.431034482820.64

32.544827586220.6731034483

32.544827586220.7062068966

32.544827586220.7393103448

32.544827586220.7724137931

32.544827586220.8055172414

32.544827586220.8386206897

32.658620689720.8717241379

32.658620689720.9048275862

32.658620689720.9379310345

32.772413793120.9379310345

32.772413793120.9710344828

32.772413793121.004137931

32.886206896621.0372413793

32.886206896621.0703448276

32.886206896621.1365517241

32.886206896621.1696551724

32.886206896621.2027586207

32.886206896621.235862069

32.886206896621.2689655172

32.886206896621.3020689655

32.886206896621.3351724138

32.886206896621.3682758621

3321.4013793103

3321.4344827586

3321.4675862069

31.634482758621.5006896552

31.634482758621.5337931034

31.634482758621.5668965517

31.634482758621.6

31.634482758621.6

31.748275862121.6331034483

31.748275862121.6662068966

31.748275862121.6993103448

31.748275862121.7324137931

31.862068965521.7986206897

31.862068965521.8317241379

31.862068965521.8648275862

31.97586206921.8979310345

31.97586206921.9310344828

31.97586206921.964137931

31.97586206921.9972413793

32.089655172422.0303448276

32.089655172422.0634482759

32.089655172422.0965517241

32.089655172422.1131034483

32.203448275922.1296551724

32.203448275922.1462068966

32.203448275922.1627586207

32.203448275922.1793103448

32.317241379322.2124137931

32.317241379322.2455172414

32.317241379322.2786206897

32.317241379322.3117241379

32.431034482822.3448275862

32.431034482822.3779310345

32.431034482822.4110344828

32.431034482822.444137931

32.544827586222.4772413793

32.544827586222.5103448276

32.544827586222.5103448276

32.544827586222.5268965517

32.544827586222.5434482759

32.544827586222.56

32.544827586222.5765517241

32.544827586222.6262068966

32.658620689722.6593103448

32.658620689722.6924137931

32.658620689722.7255172414

32.658620689722.7586206897

32.772413793122.7751724138

32.772413793122.7917241379

32.772413793122.8082758621

32.772413793122.8248275862

32.886206896622.8413793103

32.886206896622.8744827586

32.886206896622.9075862069

32.886206896622.9406896552

32.886206896622.9737931034

32.886206896623.0068965517

32.886206896623.0234482759

32.886206896623.04

32.886206896623.0565517241

32.886206896623.0731034483

32.886206896623.0896551724

32.886206896623.1062068966

32.886206896623.1227586207

3323.1393103448

3323.155862069

3323.1724137931

3323.1889655172

23.2055172414

23.2220689655

23.2386206897

23.2551724138

23.2717241379

23.2882758621

23.3048275862

23.3213793103

23.3379310345

23.3379310345

23.3544827586

23.3710344828

23.3875862069

23.404137931

23.4372413793

23.4537931034

23.4703448276

23.4868965517

23.5034482759

23.52

23.5365517241

23.5531034483

23.5696551724

23.5862068966

23.6027586207

23.6193103448

23.635862069

23.6524137931

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6855172414

23.7020689655

23.7186206897

23.7351724138

23.7682758621

23.7848275862

23.8013793103

23.8179310345

23.8344827586

23.8510344828

23.8675862069

23.884137931

23.9006896552

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9337931034

23.9503448276

23.9668965517

23.9834482759

24

24

Load Share Efficiency

Typical Turbine Efficiency

Power (kW)

Efficiency (%)

Capstone C800 Part Load Efficiencyvs. Typical Unrecuperated Turbine

C600 eff

00

3.86896551720

7.6241379310

9.67241379310

11.26551724140

12.85862068970.5627586207

14.33793103451.1255172414

15.4758620691.6882758621

16.61379310342.2510344828

17.63793103452.8137931034

18.66206896553.36

19.45862068973.9062068966

20.25517241384.4524137931

20.93793103454.9986206897

21.50689655175.5448275862

22.0758620695.8427586207

22.64482758626.1406896552

23.21379310346.4386206897

23.66896551726.7365517241

24.1241379317.0344827586

24.46551724147.2662068966

24.92068965527.4979310345

25.26206896557.7296551724

25.60344827597.9613793103

25.94482758628.1931034483

26.17241379318.4248275862

26.48.6565517241

26.74137931038.8882758621

26.96896551729.12

27.19655172419.3517241379

27.4241379319.5668965517

27.76551724149.7820689655

27.99310344839.9972413793

28.334482758610.2124137931

28.562068965510.4275862069

28.789655172410.5931034483

29.017241379310.7586206897

29.244827586210.924137931

29.472413793111.0896551724

29.711.2551724138

29.927586206911.4206896552

30.155172413811.5862068966

30.382758620711.7517241379

30.496551724111.9172413793

30.72413793112.0827586207

30.951724137912.0827586207

31.065517241412.2317241379

31.293103448312.3806896552

31.406896551712.5296551724

31.634482758612.6786206897

31.748275862112.9765517241

31.862068965513.1255172414

31.97586206913.2744827586

32.089655172413.4234482759

32.203448275913.5724137931

32.317241379313.6882758621

32.431034482813.804137931

32.544827586213.92

32.544827586214.035862069

32.658620689714.1517241379

32.772413793114.2675862069

32.886206896614.3834482759

32.886206896614.4993103448

32.886206896614.6151724138

3314.7310344828

3314.8303448276

28.334482758614.9296551724

28.334482758615.0289655172

28.334482758615.1282758621

28.562068965515.2275862069

28.789655172415.3103448276

28.789655172415.3931034483

29.017241379315.475862069

29.017241379315.5586206897

29.244827586215.6413793103

29.244827586215.724137931

29.244827586215.8068965517

29.472413793115.8896551724

29.715.9724137931

29.716.0551724138

29.927586206916.1379310345

29.927586206916.2206896552

30.155172413816.3034482759

30.155172413816.3862068966

30.382758620716.4689655172

30.382758620716.5517241379

30.496551724116.6344827586

30.496551724116.7172413793

30.72413793116.8

30.72413793116.8827586207

30.951724137916.8827586207

30.951724137916.9489655172

31.065517241417.0151724138

31.065517241417.0813793103

31.293103448317.1475862069

31.293103448317.28

31.293103448317.3462068966

31.406896551717.4124137931

31.634482758617.4786206897

31.634482758617.5448275862

31.634482758617.5448275862

31.748275862117.5944827586

31.748275862117.644137931

31.862068965517.6937931034

31.97586206917.7434482759

31.97586206917.8593103448

32.089655172417.9255172414

32.089655172417.9917241379

32.089655172418.0579310345

32.203448275918.124137931

32.317241379318.1737931034

32.317241379318.2234482759

32.431034482818.2731034483

32.431034482818.3227586207

32.544827586218.3724137931

32.544827586218.4220689655

32.544827586218.4717241379

32.544827586218.5213793103

32.658620689718.5710344828

32.658620689718.6206896552

32.772413793118.6703448276

32.772413793118.72

32.886206896618.7696551724

32.886206896618.8193103448

32.886206896618.8689655172

32.886206896618.9020689655

32.886206896618.9351724138

32.886206896618.9682758621

32.886206896619.0013793103

3319.0344827586

3319.0675862069

30.496551724119.1006896552

30.72413793119.1337931034

30.72413793119.1668965517

30.72413793119.2

30.951724137919.2

30.951724137919.2496551724

30.951724137919.2993103448

31.065517241419.3489655172

31.065517241419.3986206897

31.065517241419.4813793103

31.293103448319.5144827586

31.293103448319.5475862069

31.293103448319.5806896552

31.406896551719.6137931034

31.406896551719.6468965517

31.406896551719.68

31.634482758619.7131034483

31.634482758619.7462068966

31.634482758619.7793103448

31.634482758619.8124137931

31.748275862119.8455172414

31.748275862119.8786206897

31.862068965519.9117241379

31.862068965519.9448275862

31.862068965519.9448275862

31.97586206919.9944827586

31.97586206920.044137931

31.97586206920.0937931034

32.089655172420.1434482759

32.089655172420.2262068966

32.089655172420.2593103448

32.203448275920.2924137931

32.203448275920.3255172414

32.203448275920.3586206897

32.317241379320.4082758621

32.317241379320.4579310345

32.317241379320.5075862069

32.317241379320.5572413793

32.431034482820.6068965517

32.431034482820.64

32.544827586220.6731034483

32.544827586220.7062068966

32.544827586220.7393103448

32.544827586220.7724137931

32.544827586220.8055172414

32.544827586220.8386206897

32.658620689720.8717241379

32.658620689720.9048275862

32.658620689720.9379310345

32.772413793120.9379310345

32.772413793120.9710344828

32.772413793121.004137931

32.886206896621.0372413793

32.886206896621.0703448276

32.886206896621.1365517241

32.886206896621.1696551724

32.886206896621.2027586207

32.886206896621.235862069

32.886206896621.2689655172

32.886206896621.3020689655

32.886206896621.3351724138

32.886206896621.3682758621

3321.4013793103

3321.4344827586

3321.4675862069

21.5006896552

21.5337931034

21.5668965517

21.6

21.6

21.6331034483

21.6662068966

21.6993103448

21.7324137931

21.7986206897

21.8317241379

21.8648275862

21.8979310345

21.9310344828

21.964137931

21.9972413793

22.0303448276

22.0634482759

22.0965517241

22.1131034483

22.1296551724

22.1462068966

22.1627586207

22.1793103448

22.2124137931

22.2455172414

22.2786206897

22.3117241379

22.3448275862

22.3779310345

22.4110344828

22.444137931

22.4772413793

22.5103448276

22.5103448276

22.5268965517

22.5434482759

22.56

22.5765517241

22.6262068966

22.6593103448

22.6924137931

22.7255172414

22.7586206897

22.7751724138

22.7917241379

22.8082758621

22.8248275862

22.8413793103

22.8744827586

22.9075862069

22.9406896552

22.9737931034

23.0068965517

23.0234482759

23.04

23.0565517241

23.0731034483

23.0896551724

23.1062068966

23.1227586207

23.1393103448

23.155862069

23.1724137931

23.1889655172

23.2055172414

23.2220689655

23.2386206897

23.2551724138

23.2717241379

23.2882758621

23.3048275862

23.3213793103

23.3379310345

23.3379310345

23.3544827586

23.3710344828

23.3875862069

23.404137931

23.4372413793

23.4537931034

23.4703448276

23.4868965517

23.5034482759

23.52

23.5365517241

23.5531034483

23.5696551724

23.5862068966

23.6027586207

23.6193103448

23.635862069

23.6524137931

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6689655172

23.6855172414

23.7020689655

23.7186206897

23.7351724138

23.7682758621

23.7848275862

23.8013793103

23.8179310345

23.8344827586

23.8510344828

23.8675862069

23.884137931

23.9006896552

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9172413793

23.9337931034

23.9503448276

23.9668965517

23.9834482759

24

24

Load Share Efficiency

Typical Turbine Efficiency

Power (kW)

Efficiency (%)

Capstone C600 Part Load Efficiencyvs. Typical Unrecuperated Turbine

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation*Typical Small Diesel Recip MaintenancePoor performance for continuous power4,000 hr max to top end rebuildEngine life less than 15,000 hrs, throw away solutionRequires mechanicSmall recips cost $1.40 per run hour vs. 15 cents with CapstoneUse Economic calculator to show payback

OperatinghoursItemAction500 1,000Air Filters, Oil Filters, Crankcase Oil, Spark PlugsInspect or Replace1,500Top EndInspect4,000Top EndOverhaul15,000EngineReplace


PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation*Typical Large NG Recip MaintenanceWeekly inspectionsMany parts and subsystemsRequires mechanic120 hrs planned maintenance per yearTypical scheduled/unscheduled maintenance $0.018 to 0.022 / kW-hr

OperatinghoursItemAction1,000 2,000Air Filters, Oil Filters, Crankcase Oil, Spark PlugsInspect or Replace1,500Top EndInspect20,000Top EndOverhaul40,000Bottom EndOverhaul


PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation*Capstone MaintenanceNo weekly InspectionsNo oil change and disposalInspections do not require mechanic6 hrs planned maintenance per yearCapstone scheduled/unscheduled maintenance $0.015 / kW-hr~20% lower maintenance costs

OperatinghoursItemAction8,000Air Filter, Igniter, Fuel FilterInspect, Replace20,000Injectors, Batteries, ThermocoupleReplace40,000Engine and Generator,Injectors, Batteries, ThermocoupleExchange


PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation*Maintenance Costs AdditiveOperating HoursCumulative Maintenance HoursAssumptions:Scheduled Maintenance Hours OnlyMicroturbine hours based on Capstone C65 Natural Gas Recommended MaintenanceRecip hours are oil changes every 2,000 operating hours and top end overhaul at 20,000 hours


PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation*Power ElectronicsSimplified electrical interconnectionNegligible fault current contributionType tested equipment with utilitiesBuilt in protective relays3rd party protective relay may not be requiredAuto SynchronizationMost recips do not haveSynchronization equipment includedSome smaller recips are seeing the need to ease interconnectionUnlikely 500kW recips will usePreferred by utilitiesLower integration costsFewer regulatory hurdles


PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation*CertificationsCertified and tested as a package, not as individual componentsFewer regulatory hurdles

StandardDescriptionBenefitUL/CE/ATEXC1D2

Engine Generator SetsExpedites Installation ApprovalUL 1741/IEEE 1547.1

Inverters for Utility Grid ConnectionSimplifies Utility Interconnection (e.g. CA Rule 21, NY)CARBCalifornia Air Resources Board DG StandardEliminates or simplifies air permitting


PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation*Emissions Comparison

Manufacturer/ModelRatingNOx [lb/MWh]Caterpillar DM5442 60Hz350kW< 63.00GE Jenbacher Type 208 60Hz335kW< 1.80Five Capstone C65 50/60Hz325kW< .17


PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation*Air Flow Requirements

Manufacturer/TypekWAir Flow [SCFM]Caterpillar DM543815013,887Two Capstone C65 Grid Connect Microturbines1302,930


PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation* Power Density and WeightC1000 package provides inherit redundancy, no other 1 MW package does. Capstone is capable of on-board fuel compression, this would be ancillary for Solar.

ModelNet power (kW)Area (ft3)DensityWeightC6565164.062,471C200200643.17,000Cat C3403-SR4B15057.372.619,000Ingersoll-Rand 25025094.972.6312,000C1000(1)10002404.1737,900Caterpillar XQ 10009102403.7939,000Solar Saturn 20(2)121011110.919,800


PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Capstone Turbine Corporation*Power Density and WeightFootprint [ft2]

Manufacturer/TypekWFootprint[ft2]Weight[pounds]Caterpillar DM5438150579,000Two Capstone C65 Grid Connect Microturbines130323,340


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microturbine vs. other generation sets

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