Status of NBSAPs Revision & Integration of Aichi Targets 5, 11, 14 & 15: South-East Asia Regional Perspective

Jambi, 1 May 2014

Presented by: Iwan Kurniawan & Dr. Fachruddin Mangunjaya

� Three of the 17 known mega-diverse countries (Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines).

� Less than 10% of the global surface, but supports more than 70% of the planet’s biological diversity. � provide essential life support system.

� Indonesia: 10% of flowering plants, 12% of the world’s mammals, 16% of the world’s reptiles and amphibians, 17% of all birds, and more than a quarter of all marine and fresh- water fish.

Biodiversity in South-East Asia

Potential Economic Value of Biodiversity & Ecosystem - Terrestrial

Pharmaceuticals ??

1.3 bill m3 of water

(NP); 146 bill m3

(Phillippines)

3.2 mega watt

(water); 1.1 mega

watt (geothermal)

250 ton Ce/ha �US$ 8

Potential Economic Value of Biodiversity & Ecosystem – Coastal & Marine

US$538 of

fish/ha/year in

Philippines

35 tons of

fish/year/0.25 km2

18.4% to GDP

US$ 83.93/day from

Ecotourism

� Population 605 million

� 2 mill ha/year of forest loss (27 years)

� 26% of mangrove loss (25 years)

� 40% of coral reef loss/ degraded (14 years)

� 30 to 50% losses of sea grass habitats in Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand

� Out of 47,915 species assessed, 2,517 are threatened

Biodiversity Threats

� Ecosystems and habitat change

� Climate change

� Invasive alien species

� Over-exploitation (as a result of deforestation and land-use and water-use change, as well as wildlife hunting and trade for food)

� Pollution

� Poverty

Key drivers of BD loss

� Key result of the biodiversity planning process.

� By which countries can plan to address the threats to their biodiversity.

� Relevant to other biodiversity-related conventions and agreements � RAMSAR, CITES,CMS, World Heritage Convention, ITPGRFA.

� Most of existing NBSAPs are between 8 and 10 years old

NBSAP

1. Inadequate capacities (technical & financial).

2. Lack of awareness of high-level decision makers.

3. Weak institutional arrangement (overlapping mandate, synergy, unclear roles).

4. M & E is not in place.5. Indicators & targets do not SMART.

Barriers of NBSAP Implementation

� COP-10 decision required each country to review, update and

revise NBSAPs.

� Use NBSAPs as effective instruments for the integration of

biodiversity targets into national development and poverty

reduction policies and strategies.

� Monitor and review the implementation of their NBSAPs and

report to COP through the fifth and sixth national reports.

New Generation of NBSAP

1. Create synergies through the formation of a multi-sectoral advisory

group;

2. Build awareness of the value of biodiversity (economic engine, major

element of climate resilience and adaptation);

3. Ensure the institutional framework required for IBSAP is implemented

and widely adopted throughout society.

2011 2012 2013 2014

CoP12

��������

2015

MDGsSDGs

GBO-4

2016

CoP13

��������

2017 2018

CoP14

2019 2020

CoP15National

Targets Set

NBSAPs revised & adopted

5th National Reports

National Targets Achieved

6th National Reports

NBSAPs implemented

Timeline of Achieving Aichi Targets

Understand

values

Mainstream

biodiversity

Address

incentives

Sustainable

production

Halve rate

of loss

Sustainable

fisheries

Manage

within limits

Reduce

pollution

Reduce

invasive

spp.

Minimize

reef loss

Protected

areas

Prevent

extinctions

Conserve

gene pool

Restore

ecosystems

Enhance

resilience

Implement

Nagoya

Prot.

Revise

NBSAPs

Respect and

conserve TK

Improve

knowledge

Mobilize

resources

ABSBiodiversity mainstreaming Protection

Restoration

Enabling

Aichi Targets – clustering to form strategies

NBSAP Process Cycle

Developing a

Strategy &

Setting Targets

Assessment/

Country study

Implementation

Getting

Organized

Monitoring

& Evaluation

ReportingStakeholder

Engagement

&

Strategic

Communication

Developing a

Plan of Action

Stocktaking and Stakeholder Identification

Ecosystem Approach

(based on services and uses of main

ecosystems)

Question1: Who uses or

impactsecosystems?

Question 2: Who benefits

of the ecosystems

and who doesnot?

Question 3: Who wishes to

benefit ofecosystems but

is unable?

Question 4: Who will beaffected byecosystems

change?

Stocktaking and Stakeholder Identification

Stakeholder 1

Stakeholder 2

Stakeholder 3

Local

Level of Stakeholder National

INDONESIA

Country Experience

Roadmap NEW IBSAP 2015-2020

October-Desember 2013

(Contract, Stock taking, FGDs,

Outline, meanstreaming,

economic valuation, resource

mobilization(K3)

Januari-Maret 2014

(FGDs: Stock Taking (K3)National Target, Institutions, CEPA, CHM , Monitoring

and Evaluation , Integration dan

Compilation Draft1 (end of March)

April-Sept 2014

FGDs: all Draft Documents: Status

Kehati, VE, MS,RM, Reviews New IBSAP;

National Report ,Compilation 1, Revision,

and Final Draft, New IBSAP

Indonesia Biodiversity Plan

150 pages

289 pages

80pages

1) Biodiversity Action Plan for

Indonesia (BAPI) –1993

2) Indonesia Biodiversity

Strategicand Action Plan

(IBSAP) 2003-2020

3) IBSAP Update/New IBSAP

2014-2020

Stocktaking: Status & Trend of BD

Natio

nal D

ev. Plan

Stocktaking & National

Targets

• The state of Country Biodiversity

• Updated National target

• Multi stakeholders approach

Updated IBSAP

• The strategy for biodiversity mainstreaming

• Resource mobilization strategy

• Economic Valuation of biodiversity

Institutional Framework

• Institutional Framework

• Communication strategy & outreach

• Monitoring & evaluation mechanism

• Clering House Mechanism (CHM)

• National report

Integ

ration

LIPI(Indonesia Institute of

Science)

PPN/BAPPENAS+consultans

MoE+consultans

Process of NBSAP Revision

Gap Analysis

Mainstreaming BD - Strategy

RPJMD

(Regional Mid-

term)

RPJMN

(National

Mid Term)

Line Ministries/

Institutions

• Existing condition

• Challange

• Priority

• Strategy

• Evaluation

• Integrating current

issues (scientific,

local, global,

regulations)

• Community

• NGOs

• Private sector

• Universities

Regional Goverment

Implementation

Feedback

� Lack of available data (economic valuation of BD; impact of CC to BD).

� Costing the action plan/targets & assess financing gap.

� Building political commitment (new government).

� Setting the targets: national, sub-national, sectoral, cross-cutting

Challenging in NBSAP Revision

TTTT5555, T, T, T, T11111111, T, T, T, T14141414, T, T, T, T15151515

Target Setting

Setting National Targets

A set of national goals and targets should

have the following characteristics:

• Specific (more specific than global targets);

• Measurable (quantified);

• Ambitious – beyond BAU; not limited to

existing resources;

• Realistic (credibility for biodiversity

planning);

• Time bound;

A specific target will usually result from consideration of the five "W" questions:

� What � What do I want to accomplish?

� Why � Specific reasons, purpose or benefits of accomplishing the goal associated with the target.

� Who ���� Who is involved?� Where ���� Identify a location.� Which ���� Identify requirements and

constraints.

Specific

A measurable target will usually result from consideration of questions such as:

� How much?

� How many?

� How will I know when it is achieved?

Measurable

An achievable goal will usually result from analysis of the question:

� How can the target be reached? Are all the steps practically possible?

� An ambitious target can be used to focus attention on longer-term goals that may not be achievable with existing methods/resources

Achievable/Ambitious

A relevant (realistic) target can answer yes to these questions:

• Does this seem worthwhile?

• Is this the right time?

• Does this match our other efforts/needs?

Relevant (Realistic):

A time-bound target will results from consideration of the

question:

By When?

• What can I do 6 months from now?

• What can I do 6 weeks from now?

• What can I do today?

Timebound:

Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural

habitats, including forests, is at least halved and

where feasible brought close to zero, and

degradation and fragmentation is significantly

reduced.

B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use

Target 5 Habitat loss halved or reduced

relevant decisions on

� forest biodiversity,

� marine and coastal biodiversity,

� inland water biodiversity,

� dry and sub-humid lands biodiversity,

� sustainable use

Key words: natural habitats, high BD value habitats, tipping points,

halting loss, degradation/fragmentation reduced

Examples of activities include: spatial planning; implementation of REDD

B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use

� Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the

contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has

been enhanced, through conservation and

restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per

cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing

to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to

combating desertification.

Relevant decisions on

� climate change mitigation and biodiversity,

� Reversal of carbon emissions from degradation

� forest biodiversity,

� inland waters biodiversity

D. Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services

Target 15:Ecosystems restored and resilience enhanced

Examples of activities are to:

� Improve resilience through restoration

� implement mechanisms related to REDD;

� protect key wetlands;

� improve soil management;

� up-scale landscape restoration efforts;

� incentive schemes in the context of the climate change;

� additional schemes for other terrestrial, freshwater and coastal ecosystems.

Regional actions proposed:

� Parties may, for instance by 2014, compile and review information on the potential contribution of all ecosystems to carbon storage and sequestration

� prepare a national strategy for the enhancement of the contribution of biodiversity to ecosystem resilience and carbon storage, have in place,

� and implement, a national plan for ecosystem restoration.

D. Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services

NBSAP FORUMhttp://nbsapforum.net

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Establishing ‘SMART’ Target

Group exercise

� Each country select at least one Aichi Targets out of the four targets (5, 11,

14 and 15) and develop national target(s).

� In preparing national targets, keep in mind that the targets can be:

� National, sectoral, and/or area-based: actors and stakeholders

responsible for implementing actions.

National: By 2018, reduce the use of phytosanitary products by 50% (and as

soon as this is technically possible). (France - 2018 Ecophtyo Plan).

Sectoral/cross-sectoral: The Czech Republic’s State Environment Policy has an

objective of increasing the share of organic farming out of agricultural land

areas to at least 10% by 2010.

Area based: By 2012, Korea will designate its Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) as a

UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.

Time: 10 minutes discussion & 5 minutes reporting back

� Outcome-oriented or enabling: The targets can aim to influence the

status of a particular biodiversity component or a driver, or they can aim

to establish enabling mechanisms for the protection and sustainable use

of biodiversity.

Enabling: Costa Rica has an institutional framework for the supervision and

evaluation of the national system of protected areas and is applying this tool

in monitoring the effectiveness of management for 40% of the protected

areas by 2010, and 75% of protected areas by 2012.

Outcome oriented: By 2012, China’s forest coverage will be increased to 20%

of the country’s total land area. (National 11th Five-Year Plan 2008-2012).

Preparing National Targets – cont’d

� Quantitative or qualitative: Qualitative targets are useful as motivational

and inspirational tools, though quantitative targets are preferable in cases

where effective indicators exist or there is a degree of confidence that

they can be developed.

Quantitative: By 2012, forest and tree cover will be increased to 33% (from

23.39% presently). (India

Qualitative: To reduce and stop the rate of biodiversity degradation and

extinction at national, regional and local levels within 2003-2020, along with

rehabilitation and sustainable use efforts. (Biodiversity Management Action

Plan). Indonesia

� Long, medium or short term.

Medium-Long: To increase the country’s afforestation to 30% in 2020 and to

33% in 2050. (Poland- National Forest Policy)

Preparing National Targets – cont’d

Aichi Target#:

Baseline Monitoring Indicator

Target Key Actor(s)