status and trends in the florida keys: coral reef and hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · status and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities
Mark Chiappone, Steven Miller, Leanne Rutten
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
[email protected], 305-898-5390
![Page 2: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Florida Keys Setting
![Page 3: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Factors Affecting Florida Coral Reefs • Geography (continental influence, cold fronts)
• Tropical cyclones
• Climate-change drivers and responses:
– Coral bleaching (temperature and UV)
– Coral diseases
– Ocean acidification
• Coastal development (pollution/contamination)
• Urchin die-off (two events)
• Removal of wildlife
• Physical impacts (vessels, anchors, etc.)
• Non-native species (invasive exotics)
![Page 4: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Future: Minimizing the Damage?
![Page 5: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Everglades and Miami, 11/21/2008 Earth Snapshot http://www.eosnap.com/image-of-the-day/the-everglades-and-miami-florida-december-24th-2008/
The integrity of hydrologic and biologic components of Florida’s Southeast coast will ultimately depend upon achieving a sustainable
balance between ecosystem and human needs.
![Page 6: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
South Florida’s historic and current watershed Sources: USDOI/USGS, USEPA, FDEP, Evergladesplan.org
![Page 7: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cuba, South of Florida and the Bahamas, 07/23/2011 Earth Snapshot http://www.eosnap.com/public/media/2011/07/cuba/20110714-cuba-full.jpg
The Florida Keys Ecosystem: Open and Connected
![Page 8: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Florida Keys Diversity: A result of connectivity
![Page 9: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Status and Trends: Reef and Hard-bottom The Past
Geologic and environmental contexts
“The past is the key to the present” (Ginsburg and Shinn)
The Present
What has been observed/documented?
What are we to make of present conditions?
Possible Futures
A few years?
A few decades?
End of the 21st century?
![Page 10: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Florida Keys Depth to Pleistocene Bedrock Surface USDOI/USGS https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2007/1751/professional-paper/bedrock-surface.html
Geologic History Influences the Present
Florida Keys Bedrock Surface Map USDOI/USGS https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2007/1751/professional-paper/bedrock-surface.html
![Page 11: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Florida Keys Depth to Pleistocene Bedrock Surface USDOI/USGS https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2007/1751/professional-paper/bedrock-surface.html
The Past Influences the Present
Summary Illustration Index Map of the Florida Keys USDOI/USGS https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2007/1751/professional-paper/figures/summary-illustration.html
![Page 12: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Florida Keys Benthic Maps: The Early Version
Florida Reef Tract Marine Habitats and Ecosystems Marszalek (1977-82) c/o UF Map and Imagery Library http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00016788/00001/citation
![Page 13: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Florida Keys Benthic Maps: The Latest Version
Florida Keys Benthic Ecosystems USDOI/USGS https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2007/1751/professional-paper/benthic-ecosystems.html
![Page 14: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Carysfort Light
Molasses Reef
Florida Keys Iconic Bank Reefs
The Elbow
Sombrero Key
Sand Key
Fowey Rocks
American Shoal Alligator Light
Tennessee Light
![Page 15: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Florida Reef Tract Marine Habitats and Ecosystems Marszalek (1977-82) c/o UF Map and Imagery Library http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00016788/00001/citation
![Page 16: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hard-bottom and Coral Reef Habitats
![Page 17: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Status and Trends: Reef and Hard-bottom
The Past (deep and shallow time)
Geologic and environmental contexts
“The past is the key to the present.”
The Present
What has been observed/documented?
What are we to make of present conditions?
Possible Futures
A few years?
A few decades?
End of the 21st century?
![Page 18: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
White Band Disease
Bleaching
Bleaching
Diadema Die-off
Gardner et al. 2003 c/o W. Precht
White Band Disease
Regional Caribbean Coral Reef Change
![Page 19: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Regional Caribbean Coral Reef Change
![Page 20: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Images courtesy of P. Dustan, University of Charleston
![Page 21: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Images courtesy of P. Dustan, University of Charleston
![Page 22: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Images courtesy of P. Dustan, College of Charleston
![Page 24: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CREMP Sampling Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
Dry Tortugas National Park
![Page 25: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Florida Keys Reefs in Recent History
Data from CREMP, USC, UG, UNCW, NSU
![Page 26: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Upper Florida Keys Acropora Reefs
Grecian Rocks
N-N Dry Rocks Carysfort Reef
South Carysfort
Elbow Reef
Dry Rocks
French Reef
Sand Island
Molasses Reef
![Page 27: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Florida Keys Corals (1999-2015)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
No
. co
ral ta
xa p
er
tran
sect
(15 m
2)
Coral Species Richness
Patch reefsShallow hard-bottomHigh-relief spur and grooveDeeper fore reef
0.05.0
10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0
% C
over
Stony Coral Cover
Patch reefsShallow hard-bottomHigh-relief spur and grooveDeeper fore reef
![Page 28: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
050,000,000
100,000,000150,000,000200,000,000250,000,000300,000,000350,000,000400,000,000450,000,000500,000,000
SSID PAST SMIC AAGR PPOR MCAV PFUR DSTK MFAV SRAD CNAT PDIV DSTR SBOU ODIF
Scleractinian Abundance: Top 15 speciesFlorida Keys 1999-2009 All Habitats
B B B B B B
050,000,000
100,000,000150,000,000200,000,000250,000,000300,000,000350,000,000400,000,000
SSID SRAD PAST AAGR SMIC PPOR MCAV DSTK PFUR FFRG SCOL DSTR MARE EFAS SBOU
Juvenile Scleractinian Abundance: Top 15 speciesFlorida Keys 1999-2009 All Habitats
85% 96% 98%
72% 88% 94%
![Page 29: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Kissling (1964) Looe Key Fore Reef
NURC/UNCW (2012) Looe Key Fore Reef
![Page 30: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Florida Keys Reefs of the Future?
The Past (deep and shallow time)
Geologic and environmental contexts
“The past is the key to the present.”
The Present
What has been observed/documented?
What are we to make of present conditions?
Possible Futures
A few years?
A few decades?
End of the 21st century?
![Page 31: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Transformation from Corals to…
Re-transformation may not occur anytime soon. Coral larval supply, recruitment, and
post-settlement survivorship Algae, sponge, and octocoral
growth, fecundity, and allelopathic effects Microbiomes may also be altered.
![Page 32: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Ajax Reef, Northern Reef Tract Reef framework may be collapsing (2015)
![Page 33: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Projected Sea Level Rise 5 ft. by the year 2100 Sources: Climate Central, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, NOAA
![Page 34: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Sea Level Rise Scenarios
![Page 35: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
What can be done?
![Page 36: Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard … · 2017. 7. 27. · Status and Trends in the Florida Keys: Coral Reef and Hard-bottom Communities . Mark Chiappone,](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071117/6004130c4eeea3505a0afa76/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Balancing Human Enterprise and the
Ecosystem