STATISTICAL BULLETIN

Alcohol

GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 1

2016

STATISTICAL BULLETIN

2016

This information is available at SICAD website, http://www.sicad.pt

Title: STATISTICAL BULLETIN 2016 - Alcohol

Author: General-Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies (SICAD) / Monitoring and Information Directorate (DMI) / Statistics and Research Division (DEI)

Coordination: Carla Ribeiro (DEI)

Participation: Catarina Guerreiro and Liliana Ferreira (DEI)

Cover: Filipa Cunha (EMSI)

Address: Parque de Saúde Pulido Valente. Alameda das Linhas de Torres n.º 117 • Edifício SICAD • 1750-147 Lisboa

Edition: February, 2018

STATISTICAL BULLETIN

Alcohol

GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 3

2016

Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH)

Recorded and unrecorded alcohol use per capita

Litres of pure alcohol

Nacional survey on psychoactive substances use in the general population (GPS), 2016/17

National Health Survey (NHS), 2014

Reducing alcohol related harm - Standardised european alcohol survey (RARHA-SEAS), 2015

Lifetime and last 12 months Prevalence of use

Any alcoholic beverage

Patterns of consumption, by gender GPS

Abstainers – never drank before; Former drinkers – already drank before, but not in previous 12 months.

Prevalences of use by type of alcoholic beverage in the last 12 months

GPS

Wine

Beer

Spirits

Last 12 months prevalence of use

Gender / A.G. GPS NHS RARHA M 68,4% 84,9% 84,2% F 48,8% 56,8% 60,7% 15-24 49,2% 67,3% _ 25-34 53,6% 75,7% _ 18-34 _ _ 75,7%

Patterns of consumption, by gender RARHA - SEAS

Prevalences of use by type of alcoholic beverage in the last 12 months

RARHA - SEAS

Wine

Beer

Spirits

57,8%

54,4%

32,8%

45,4%

38,5%

19,5%

CONSUMPTION

CONTEXT GENERAL POPULATION

≥ 15 YEARS OLD

2016

15 - 74 YEARS OLD

≥ 15 YEARS OLD

18 - 64 YEARS OLD

STATISTICAL BULLETIN

Alcohol

4 GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES

2016

Prevalences of binge1 and drunkenness2 in the last 12 months

Dependence and abusive drinking of alcohol (AUDIT3) GPS

Prevalences of use by type of alcoholic beverage in the

last 12 months (%)

1 Binge: GPS, 2016/17 - Consumption of 4 or more glasses (if female) or 6 or more glasses (if male) of any alcoholic beverage in the same occasion, In 2012, in the case of female, the question referred to consumption of 5 or more glasses; NHS - consumption of 6 or more alcoholic beverages in a specific occasion or event; RARHA - consumption of at least 60 g (if male) or 40 g (if female) of pure alcohol in the same occasion.

Gender Age Group M F 15-24 25-34

Binge1 12,5% 7,1% 11,8% 11,0% Drunkenness2 8,3% 2,8% 7,3% 6,8%

M F 18-34 Binge1 20,5% 2,6% 16,2% Drunkenness2 13,9% 4,3% 14,1%

M F 15-24 25-34 Binge1 44,7% 18,1% 45,7% 47,9%

Dependence and abusive drinking of alcohol (CIDI4)

RARHA

Dependence and abusive drinking of alcohol (AUDIT3)

(%)

2 Drunkenness: GPS - stagger when walking, difficulty in talking, vomit, not remembering what happened; RARHA - stagger when walking or having difficulty in talking. 3 AUDIT- Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. 4 CIDI - Composite International Diagnostic Interview – DSM criteria.

GPS: 2012 / 2016-17

Prevalences of binge1 and drunkenness2 in the last 12 months (%)

STATISTICAL BULLETIN

Alcohol

GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 5

2016

Survey on the young participants of the National Defense Day

Lifetime and last 12 months prevalence of use, binge5 and drunkenness6 in the last 12 months

Any alcoholic beverage

Gender LTP LYP

M 89,6% 84,7% F 88,3% 82,6%

Gender Binge5 Drunkenness 6

M 55,7% 36,1% F 43,3% 26,6%

Lifetime and last 12 months prevalence of use,

Binge5 and drunkenness6 in the last 12 months (%) Any alcoholic beverage

National survey on addictive behaviours in prison settings

Lifetime and last 12 months prevalence of use, outside and inside prison Any alcoholic beverage

Binge5 and drunkenness6 prevalence in the last 30 days

Outside and inside prison

5 Consumption of 5 or more glasses (if female) or 6 or more glasses (if male) of any alcoholic beverage in the same occasion.

Gender/A.G. LYP

Outside prison Current reclusion

M 61,1% 13,1% F 39,5% 6,2% 16-25 65,5% 18,9% 26-35 62,6% 14,2%

Gender Age Group

M F 16-25 26-35 Binge5 34,4% 21,0% 42,5% 39,9%

Drunkenness6 23,2% 17,9% 35,3% 27,4%

M F 16-25 26-35 Binge5 3,9% 0,6% 6,5% 4,9%

Drunkenness 6 3,0% 2,5% 5,8% 3,9%

6 Stagger when walking, difficulty in talking, vomit, not remembering what happened.

18 YEARS OLD

2016

2015 / 2016

SPECIFIC CONTEXTS

RECLUSION ≥ 16 YEARS OLD

2014

STATISTICAL BULLETIN

Alcohol

GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 6

2016

Lifetime prevalence of use Any alcoholic beverage

Binge7 prevalence in the last 30 days

2015

Last 12 months prevalence of use

Any alcoholic beverage (%)

Last 12 months prevalence of use Any alcoholic beverage

Drunkenness8 prevalence in the last 12 months 2015

Binge7 prevalence in the last 30 days (%)

7 Consumption of 5 or more drinks of any alcoholic beverage in one occasion.

8 Vide note 6.

SCHOOL 13-18 YEARS OLD

2015

2011 / 2015

2007 / 2011 / 2015

STATISTICAL BULLETIN

Alcohol

GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 7

2016

Drunkenness9 prevalence in the last 12 months (%)

Survey on addictive behaviours in young offenders in custodial facilities

Lifetime prevalence of use *, last 12 months before custody and last 12 months in the current custody10

Any alcoholic beverage

Binge11 and drunkenness12 prevalence in the last 30 days

before custody and in the current custody 10

Gender / Age Group LTP*

LYP Before current

custody Current

custody10

M 92,9% 83,3% 32,0% F 93,3% 73,3% 33,3% 14-15 88,2% 70,6% 23,5% 16-17 91,3% 85,3% 27,3% 18-20 96,4% 82,1% 40,7%

* Before and/or after the beginning of custody

Gender Age Group

M F 14-15 16-17 18-20 Binge11 47,3% 26,7% 20,0% 47,5% 49,1%

Drunkenness12 30,4% 20,0% 13,3% 35,5% 26,0%

M F 14-15 16-17 18-20

Binge11 10,9% 0,0% 6,3% 9,1% 11,5%

Drunkeness12 5,9% 0,0% 6,3% 6,2% 3,8%

9 Vide note 6. 10 While in custody, some young offenders have authorization to go outside the Facility, for weekends, vacations or to go to school/professional training. 11 Vide note 5. 12 Vide note 6.

2007 / 2011 / 2015

CUSTODY 14-20 YEARS OLD

2015

STATISTICAL BULLETIN

Alcohol

8 GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES

2016

Patients in treatment in the year and patients that started treatment in the year - new and readmitted (n)

(outpatient – public network)

Gender / Age Group.

Patients in treatment in

the year

Patients that started treatment in the year

M 81,2% 82,8% F 18,8% 17,2%

≤ 34 years 6,5% 9,1%

35 - 49 43,3% 44,8%

≥ 50 years 50,2% 46,1%

Hospital admissions related with alcohol use* (main diagnosis)

Continental Portugal ICD-9-CM

Hospital admissions related with alcohol use* and individuals admitted (main or secondary diagnosis)

Continental Portugal -ICD-9-CM

33 899 hospital admissions with main or secondary diagnosis related with alcohol use*

involving 25 616 individuals

M 86,7%

F 13,3%

< 65 years 61,6%

≥ 65 years 38,4% * Hospital discharges with causes/conditions 100% attributable to alcohol use; ICD9-CM: 291; 303; 305.0; 357.5; 425.5; 535.3; 571.0 – 571.3; 760.71; 790.3; 977.3; 980.0; 980.1; 980.9

2016

20

16

SOME CONSEQUENCES RELATED WITH CONSUMPTION

TREATMENT

2009 - 2016

HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS

2009 - 2016

STATISTICAL BULLETIN

Alcohol

GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 9

2016

Deaths by diseases attributable to alcohol*

* Diseases attributable to alcohol ICD-10: C00 – C15, F10, I42.6, K70, K85-86.0, X45. WHO criteria, used by INE, I.P.

Autopsy cases from the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF)

Gender/A.G. M F ≤34 years 35 - 49 ≥50 years Deaths 77,8% 22,2% 4,4% 28,9% 66,7%

Gender/A.G. M F ≤34 years 35 - 49 ≥50 years Deaths 94,4% 5,6% 25,0% 28,9% 46,1%

Fatalities in road accidents – BAC ≥0,5g/l

69%

24%

7%

Drivers

Pedestrians

Passengers

Total deaths - 2 307 Average Nr of potential years of life lost

13,1 years

13,2 years 12,3 years

Deaths by alcoholic intoxication - 45

28% attributed to chronic liver disease

Gender / Age Group

79,3% 20,7%

< 65 years – 49,7%

≥ 65 years – 50,3%

Fatalities in road accidents (BAC≥ 0,5g/l) - 163

MORTALITY

2015

GENERAL REGISTRIES

2009 - 2015

SPECIFIC REGISTRIES

2016

SPECIFIC REGISTRIES

2007 - 2016

STATISTICAL BULLETIN

Alcohol

10 GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES

2016

Recorded criminality – Driving offenses with BAC≥1,2g/l

27 291 participations for domestic violence recorded

by the Security Forces in 2016

of the cases signaled for

problems related with

alcohol use13 by the

denouncer

Survey on addictive behaviours in young offenders in

custodial facilities, 2015 (

attributed their perpetration of crimes to

being under the influence of

alcohol/drugs

National survey on addictive behaviours in prison

settings, 2014 (≥ 16 anos)

declared being under the influence of

alcohol when committed the crime/s for which are in prison

declared getting money to buy

drugs/alcohol as a motive for the crime/s

for which are in custody

Oversight of the alcohol commercial sales, alcohol consumption and making alcohol available

DL n.r 106/2015, 16 June

13 It means that the denounced, in the last year: was not able to fulfill the tasks usually assigned to him (ex: in work, at home…) because he drank; was hurt or hurted someone because he drank; or, family, friends, medical doctor or other health professional ever manifested concern with his alcohol drinking or suggested that he should quit

89 offenses with underage involved and 21 reports on

underage alcohol intoxication (DL n.r 106/2015, 16 June)

drinking; in conclusion, that the alcohol use by the denounced has been affecting negatively in the last year, his health, professional performance, family…and/or his relation with others (SSI, 2017).

20 849 crimes for driving

with BAC ≥ 1,2g/l

48% of the crimes agains society

6% of the total crimes

2016

SOCIAL/LEGAL PROBLEMS

2007 - 2016

CRIMINALITY DIRECTLY RELATED WITH ALCOHOL USE

INDIRECT CRIMINALITY (SOME STUDY RESULTS)

MARKET

SUPPLY CONTROL

2016

STATISTICAL BULLETIN

Alcohol

GENERAL-DIRECTORATE FOR INTERVENTION ON ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS AND DEPENDENCIES 11

2016

Introduction to consumption of alcoholic beverages

By alcoholic beverage segment (hl) Continental Portugal

Tax revenues from the Alcohol and Alcoholic

Beverages Tax By alcoholic beverage segment (millions of euros)

Continental Portugal

*Total includes ethyl alcohol, spirits, beer and intermediate

products

References:

Balsa, Vital & Urbano (2017). IV Inquérito Nacional ao Consumo de Substâncias Psicoativas na População Geral – Portugal 2016/17. Lisboa: SICAD. Retrieved from: http://www.sicad.pt/BK/EstatisticaInvestigacao/EstudosConcluidos/Lists/SICAD_ESTUDOS/Attachments/181/INPG%202016_2017_I%20relatorio%20final_dados_provisorios.pdf

Calado, V., Carapinha, L. (2016). Comportamentos Aditivos aos 18 anos. Inquérito aos Jovens Participantes no Dia da Defesa Nacional. Lisboa: SICAD. Retrieved from: http://www.sicad.pt/BK/EstatisticaInvestigacao/EstudosConcluidos/Lists/SICAD_ESTUDOS/Attachments/182/DDN_2016_Relatoriocompleto.pdf

Carapinha, L., Guerreiro, C., Ribeiro, C., Ferreira, L. (2016). Inquérito sobre Comportamentos Aditivos em Jovens Internados em Centros Educativos 2015. Lisboa: SICAD. Retrieved from: http://www.sicad.pt/PT/EstatisticaInvestigacao/EstudosConcluidos/Paginas/detalhe.aspx?itemId=169&lista=SICAD_ESTUDOS&bkUrl=/BK/EstatisticaInvestigacao/EstudosConcluidos

Feijão, F. (2016). Estudo sobre o Consumo de Álcool, Tabaco, Drogas e Outros Comportamentos Aditivos e Dependências, 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.sicad.pt/BK/EstatisticaInvestigacao/EstudosConcluidos/Lists/SICAD_ESTUDOS/Attachments/170/RELATÓRIO-ECATD-2015.pdf

INE (2017). Causas de morte 2015. Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Estatística, I.P. Retrieved from: https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=277099566&PUBLICACOESmodo=2

INE (2016). Inquérito Nacional de Saúde, 2014. Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Estatística, I.P. Retrieved from: https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=263714091&PUBLICACOESmodo=2

RARHA (2017). Comparative monitoring of alcohol epidemiology across the EU. Baseline assessment and suggestions for the future action. Synthesis Report. RARHA Work package 4 (J. Moskalewicz, R. Room e B. Thom ED.)

SICAD (2017). Relatório Anual 2016: A Situação do País em Matéria de Drogas e Toxicodependências. Lisboa: SICAD. Retrieved from: http://www.sicad.pt/BK/Publicacoes/Lists/SICAD_PUBLICACOES/Attachments/129/RelatorioAnual_2016_A_SituacaoDoPaisEmMateriaDeDrogas_e_Toxicodependencias_PT.pdf

Sistema de Segurança Interna (2017). Relatório Anual de Segurança Interna 2016. Lisboa. Retrieved from: http://www.ansr.pt/InstrumentosDeGestao/Documents/Relat%C3%B3rio%20Anual%20de%20Seguran%C3%A7a%20Interna%20(RASI)/RASI%202016.pdf

Torres, A., Mendes, R., Gaspar, S., Fonseca, R., Oliveira, C., Dias, C. (2015). Inquérito Nacional sobre Comportamentos Aditivos em Meio Prisional 2014. Relatório Final. Lisboa: CIEG/ISCSP – Ulisboa Retrieved from: http://www.sicad.pt/BK/EstatisticaInvestigacao/EstudosConcluidos/Lists/SICAD_ESTUDOS/Attachments/158/INCAMP_2016_Volume1.pdf

WHO Regional Office for Europe (2012). Alcohol in the European Union: consumption, harm and policy approaches. Retrieved from: http://www.euro.who.int/data/assets/pdf_file/0003/160680/e96457.pdf.

2009 - 2016