States of matter Book page 169 ndash 171 173 - 175

Syllabus 57 ndash 514

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015 05092016

What is my state of matter

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

sand Glass

Decaffeinated coffee

Supercritical fluids

Degenerate matter

Helium at minus 271

Superfluid helium

Supercritical fluids

Coldest place in Universe

Coldest Place in the Universe

Vacuum in space Degenerate Matter

What is my state of matter

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

sand Glass

Decaffeinated coffee

Supercritical fluids

Degenerate matter

Helium at minus 271

Superfluid helium

Supercritical fluids

Coldest place in Universe

Coldest Place in the Universe

Vacuum in space Degenerate Matter

1 Teacher announces the topic

2Teacher gives you ldquothink timerdquo

3 In pairs Partner A writes an answer to the topic

then passes MWB and pen to Partner B

4Partner B writes and answer and passes it back to

Partner A

5Steps 3 amp 4 continue until the teacher

calls ldquotimerdquo

6 Pairs compare their list with other team pair

What do you remember

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Use Rally Table and work with shoulder partner ldquoArdquo starts

The (Seven) States of Matter Explained

What do you remember

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Use Rally Table and work with shoulder partner ldquoArdquo starts

The (Seven) States of Matter Explained

Aim bull Explain different properties of states of matter

bull Know the absolute temperature scale

bull Understand the particle theory and how it applies to explain pressure

Key words

bull Absolute zero

bull Temperature Scale

bull Kelvin

bull Particle Theory

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Have you ever wondered

The bigger picture

Why do we explore space

Hubble telescope James Webb

Euclid telescope

7 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

How do particles move

8 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

States of matter

Solid

bull Fixed shape and Volume

bull Particles held together in

bonds

bull They can only vibrate

bull Particles arranged in

regular pattern

bull Very dense cannot be

compressed

Liquid

bull Fixed volume but can flow

to take any shape

bull Particles are close together

but have no regular pattern

bull They can slide over each

other

bull Not as dense as solids

bull Cannot be compressed

easily

9 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas

bull No fixed shape or volume

bull Particles motion is rapid

and random

bull They are spread out

bull They collide with each

other and the sides of the

container

bull Not dense can easily be

compressed

How do we know

bull Brownian Motion

bull Brownian Motion -

YouTube [360p]mp4

bull Big smoke particles are

moved by much smaller

air particles which are

too small to be observed

bull Big massive smoke

particles are moved by

light fast moving air

particles

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Have you ever wondered

The bigger picture

Why do we explore space

Hubble telescope James Webb

Euclid telescope

7 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

How do particles move

8 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

States of matter

Solid

bull Fixed shape and Volume

bull Particles held together in

bonds

bull They can only vibrate

bull Particles arranged in

regular pattern

bull Very dense cannot be

compressed

Liquid

bull Fixed volume but can flow

to take any shape

bull Particles are close together

but have no regular pattern

bull They can slide over each

other

bull Not as dense as solids

bull Cannot be compressed

easily

9 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas

bull No fixed shape or volume

bull Particles motion is rapid

and random

bull They are spread out

bull They collide with each

other and the sides of the

container

bull Not dense can easily be

compressed

How do we know

bull Brownian Motion

bull Brownian Motion -

YouTube [360p]mp4

bull Big smoke particles are

moved by much smaller

air particles which are

too small to be observed

bull Big massive smoke

particles are moved by

light fast moving air

particles

7 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

How do particles move

8 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

States of matter

Solid

bull Fixed shape and Volume

bull Particles held together in

bonds

bull They can only vibrate

bull Particles arranged in

regular pattern

bull Very dense cannot be

compressed

Liquid

bull Fixed volume but can flow

to take any shape

bull Particles are close together

but have no regular pattern

bull They can slide over each

other

bull Not as dense as solids

bull Cannot be compressed

easily

9 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas

bull No fixed shape or volume

bull Particles motion is rapid

and random

bull They are spread out

bull They collide with each

other and the sides of the

container

bull Not dense can easily be

compressed

How do we know

bull Brownian Motion

bull Brownian Motion -

YouTube [360p]mp4

bull Big smoke particles are

moved by much smaller

air particles which are

too small to be observed

bull Big massive smoke

particles are moved by

light fast moving air

particles

8 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

States of matter

Solid

bull Fixed shape and Volume

bull Particles held together in

bonds

bull They can only vibrate

bull Particles arranged in

regular pattern

bull Very dense cannot be

compressed

Liquid

bull Fixed volume but can flow

to take any shape

bull Particles are close together

but have no regular pattern

bull They can slide over each

other

bull Not as dense as solids

bull Cannot be compressed

easily

9 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas

bull No fixed shape or volume

bull Particles motion is rapid

and random

bull They are spread out

bull They collide with each

other and the sides of the

container

bull Not dense can easily be

compressed

How do we know

bull Brownian Motion

bull Brownian Motion -

YouTube [360p]mp4

bull Big smoke particles are

moved by much smaller

air particles which are

too small to be observed

bull Big massive smoke

particles are moved by

light fast moving air

particles

9 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas

bull No fixed shape or volume

bull Particles motion is rapid

and random

bull They are spread out

bull They collide with each

other and the sides of the

container

bull Not dense can easily be

compressed

How do we know

bull Brownian Motion

bull Brownian Motion -

YouTube [360p]mp4

bull Big smoke particles are

moved by much smaller

air particles which are

too small to be observed

bull Big massive smoke

particles are moved by

light fast moving air

particles

Changing State

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Energy of particles Internal energy

bull Particles in solids liquids and gases have KE because they are moving

bull Internal energy is the sum of PE and KE of all molecules

bull They also have PE because their motion keeps them separated and opposes the bonds trying to pull them together

Heat

bull The transfer of energy

bull Energy transfer from hot to cold is heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Temperature bull The average KE of the particles for

microscopic view bull Macroscopic it measures how hot

or cold something is

Temperature is the average KE

bull Average KE = 119870119864 =1

21198981199072

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Cold slow Hot fast

13 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Particles

What happens to the kinetic of the

particles when a gas is heated

The heat energy is transferred to the

kinetic energy of the gas particles

The KE of the particles increases particles start

moving faster

Zero Kelvin temperature

equals zero gas molecule

kinetic energy

At what temperature is zero

Kelvin -273degC Tk

KEave

14 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Kelvin and Celcius scales

0 Celcius (degC) 200 400 ndash273

273 Kelvin (K) 0 473 673

The Celsius scale is defined using the freezing and boiling

points of water This makes it less useful for calculations

because 0degC is not at the beginning of the scale

Using the Celsius scale for temperature is like measuring

mass on a scale that takes 273 kg as zero mass and

measures anything less than that as negative mass

The Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero (ndash273 degC)

A difference in temperature of 1 K is the same as a difference

of 1degC so it is easy to convert between the two scales

ndash100

173

100

373

300

573

500

773

ndash200

73

15 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

degC

Kelvin temperature (K)

Celsius

temperature (degC)

-273degC

273K

Tk = Tc + 273K

16 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Partners take turns one solving a problem while

the other coaches

bull Partner A solves or answers 1st problem

bull Partner B watches listens coaches and praises

bull Partner B solves next problem

bull Partner A watches listens coaches and

praises

bull Repeat starting with Step 1

17 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Converting temperatures

Celsius

temperature

(degC)

Kelvin

temperature

(K)

0

27

47

456

483

273

300

756

-226

183

18 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas pressure

19 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Pressure and particles

What causes pressure in gases

In a sealed container the

particles repeatedly strike the

walls of the container

What happens if you increase the

temperature

This causes pressure

gas gets hotter

more kinetic energy

more collisions at greater speed

more pressure

Explanation of Pressure

bull Particles are in constant rapid random motion

bull They collide with the sides of the container

bull This exerts a force on the walls of the container

bull The sum of all collision forces causes Pressure

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

Energy of particles Internal energy

bull Particles in solids liquids and gases have KE because they are moving

bull Internal energy is the sum of PE and KE of all molecules

bull They also have PE because their motion keeps them separated and opposes the bonds trying to pull them together

Heat

bull The transfer of energy

bull Energy transfer from hot to cold is heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Temperature bull The average KE of the particles for

microscopic view bull Macroscopic it measures how hot

or cold something is

Temperature is the average KE

bull Average KE = 119870119864 =1

21198981199072

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Cold slow Hot fast

13 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Particles

What happens to the kinetic of the

particles when a gas is heated

The heat energy is transferred to the

kinetic energy of the gas particles

The KE of the particles increases particles start

moving faster

Zero Kelvin temperature

equals zero gas molecule

kinetic energy

At what temperature is zero

Kelvin -273degC Tk

KEave

14 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Kelvin and Celcius scales

0 Celcius (degC) 200 400 ndash273

273 Kelvin (K) 0 473 673

The Celsius scale is defined using the freezing and boiling

points of water This makes it less useful for calculations

because 0degC is not at the beginning of the scale

Using the Celsius scale for temperature is like measuring

mass on a scale that takes 273 kg as zero mass and

measures anything less than that as negative mass

The Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero (ndash273 degC)

A difference in temperature of 1 K is the same as a difference

of 1degC so it is easy to convert between the two scales

ndash100

173

100

373

300

573

500

773

ndash200

73

15 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

degC

Kelvin temperature (K)

Celsius

temperature (degC)

-273degC

273K

Tk = Tc + 273K

16 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Partners take turns one solving a problem while

the other coaches

bull Partner A solves or answers 1st problem

bull Partner B watches listens coaches and praises

bull Partner B solves next problem

bull Partner A watches listens coaches and

praises

bull Repeat starting with Step 1

17 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Converting temperatures

Celsius

temperature

(degC)

Kelvin

temperature

(K)

0

27

47

456

483

273

300

756

-226

183

18 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas pressure

19 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Pressure and particles

What causes pressure in gases

In a sealed container the

particles repeatedly strike the

walls of the container

What happens if you increase the

temperature

This causes pressure

gas gets hotter

more kinetic energy

more collisions at greater speed

more pressure

Explanation of Pressure

bull Particles are in constant rapid random motion

bull They collide with the sides of the container

bull This exerts a force on the walls of the container

bull The sum of all collision forces causes Pressure

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

Temperature is the average KE

bull Average KE = 119870119864 =1

21198981199072

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Cold slow Hot fast

13 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Particles

What happens to the kinetic of the

particles when a gas is heated

The heat energy is transferred to the

kinetic energy of the gas particles

The KE of the particles increases particles start

moving faster

Zero Kelvin temperature

equals zero gas molecule

kinetic energy

At what temperature is zero

Kelvin -273degC Tk

KEave

14 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Kelvin and Celcius scales

0 Celcius (degC) 200 400 ndash273

273 Kelvin (K) 0 473 673

The Celsius scale is defined using the freezing and boiling

points of water This makes it less useful for calculations

because 0degC is not at the beginning of the scale

Using the Celsius scale for temperature is like measuring

mass on a scale that takes 273 kg as zero mass and

measures anything less than that as negative mass

The Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero (ndash273 degC)

A difference in temperature of 1 K is the same as a difference

of 1degC so it is easy to convert between the two scales

ndash100

173

100

373

300

573

500

773

ndash200

73

15 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

degC

Kelvin temperature (K)

Celsius

temperature (degC)

-273degC

273K

Tk = Tc + 273K

16 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Partners take turns one solving a problem while

the other coaches

bull Partner A solves or answers 1st problem

bull Partner B watches listens coaches and praises

bull Partner B solves next problem

bull Partner A watches listens coaches and

praises

bull Repeat starting with Step 1

17 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Converting temperatures

Celsius

temperature

(degC)

Kelvin

temperature

(K)

0

27

47

456

483

273

300

756

-226

183

18 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas pressure

19 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Pressure and particles

What causes pressure in gases

In a sealed container the

particles repeatedly strike the

walls of the container

What happens if you increase the

temperature

This causes pressure

gas gets hotter

more kinetic energy

more collisions at greater speed

more pressure

Explanation of Pressure

bull Particles are in constant rapid random motion

bull They collide with the sides of the container

bull This exerts a force on the walls of the container

bull The sum of all collision forces causes Pressure

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

13 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Particles

What happens to the kinetic of the

particles when a gas is heated

The heat energy is transferred to the

kinetic energy of the gas particles

The KE of the particles increases particles start

moving faster

Zero Kelvin temperature

equals zero gas molecule

kinetic energy

At what temperature is zero

Kelvin -273degC Tk

KEave

14 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Kelvin and Celcius scales

0 Celcius (degC) 200 400 ndash273

273 Kelvin (K) 0 473 673

The Celsius scale is defined using the freezing and boiling

points of water This makes it less useful for calculations

because 0degC is not at the beginning of the scale

Using the Celsius scale for temperature is like measuring

mass on a scale that takes 273 kg as zero mass and

measures anything less than that as negative mass

The Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero (ndash273 degC)

A difference in temperature of 1 K is the same as a difference

of 1degC so it is easy to convert between the two scales

ndash100

173

100

373

300

573

500

773

ndash200

73

15 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

degC

Kelvin temperature (K)

Celsius

temperature (degC)

-273degC

273K

Tk = Tc + 273K

16 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Partners take turns one solving a problem while

the other coaches

bull Partner A solves or answers 1st problem

bull Partner B watches listens coaches and praises

bull Partner B solves next problem

bull Partner A watches listens coaches and

praises

bull Repeat starting with Step 1

17 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Converting temperatures

Celsius

temperature

(degC)

Kelvin

temperature

(K)

0

27

47

456

483

273

300

756

-226

183

18 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas pressure

19 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Pressure and particles

What causes pressure in gases

In a sealed container the

particles repeatedly strike the

walls of the container

What happens if you increase the

temperature

This causes pressure

gas gets hotter

more kinetic energy

more collisions at greater speed

more pressure

Explanation of Pressure

bull Particles are in constant rapid random motion

bull They collide with the sides of the container

bull This exerts a force on the walls of the container

bull The sum of all collision forces causes Pressure

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

14 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Kelvin and Celcius scales

0 Celcius (degC) 200 400 ndash273

273 Kelvin (K) 0 473 673

The Celsius scale is defined using the freezing and boiling

points of water This makes it less useful for calculations

because 0degC is not at the beginning of the scale

Using the Celsius scale for temperature is like measuring

mass on a scale that takes 273 kg as zero mass and

measures anything less than that as negative mass

The Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero (ndash273 degC)

A difference in temperature of 1 K is the same as a difference

of 1degC so it is easy to convert between the two scales

ndash100

173

100

373

300

573

500

773

ndash200

73

15 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

degC

Kelvin temperature (K)

Celsius

temperature (degC)

-273degC

273K

Tk = Tc + 273K

16 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Partners take turns one solving a problem while

the other coaches

bull Partner A solves or answers 1st problem

bull Partner B watches listens coaches and praises

bull Partner B solves next problem

bull Partner A watches listens coaches and

praises

bull Repeat starting with Step 1

17 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Converting temperatures

Celsius

temperature

(degC)

Kelvin

temperature

(K)

0

27

47

456

483

273

300

756

-226

183

18 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas pressure

19 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Pressure and particles

What causes pressure in gases

In a sealed container the

particles repeatedly strike the

walls of the container

What happens if you increase the

temperature

This causes pressure

gas gets hotter

more kinetic energy

more collisions at greater speed

more pressure

Explanation of Pressure

bull Particles are in constant rapid random motion

bull They collide with the sides of the container

bull This exerts a force on the walls of the container

bull The sum of all collision forces causes Pressure

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

15 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

degC

Kelvin temperature (K)

Celsius

temperature (degC)

-273degC

273K

Tk = Tc + 273K

16 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Partners take turns one solving a problem while

the other coaches

bull Partner A solves or answers 1st problem

bull Partner B watches listens coaches and praises

bull Partner B solves next problem

bull Partner A watches listens coaches and

praises

bull Repeat starting with Step 1

17 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Converting temperatures

Celsius

temperature

(degC)

Kelvin

temperature

(K)

0

27

47

456

483

273

300

756

-226

183

18 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas pressure

19 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Pressure and particles

What causes pressure in gases

In a sealed container the

particles repeatedly strike the

walls of the container

What happens if you increase the

temperature

This causes pressure

gas gets hotter

more kinetic energy

more collisions at greater speed

more pressure

Explanation of Pressure

bull Particles are in constant rapid random motion

bull They collide with the sides of the container

bull This exerts a force on the walls of the container

bull The sum of all collision forces causes Pressure

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

16 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Partners take turns one solving a problem while

the other coaches

bull Partner A solves or answers 1st problem

bull Partner B watches listens coaches and praises

bull Partner B solves next problem

bull Partner A watches listens coaches and

praises

bull Repeat starting with Step 1

17 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Converting temperatures

Celsius

temperature

(degC)

Kelvin

temperature

(K)

0

27

47

456

483

273

300

756

-226

183

18 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas pressure

19 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Pressure and particles

What causes pressure in gases

In a sealed container the

particles repeatedly strike the

walls of the container

What happens if you increase the

temperature

This causes pressure

gas gets hotter

more kinetic energy

more collisions at greater speed

more pressure

Explanation of Pressure

bull Particles are in constant rapid random motion

bull They collide with the sides of the container

bull This exerts a force on the walls of the container

bull The sum of all collision forces causes Pressure

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

17 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Converting temperatures

Celsius

temperature

(degC)

Kelvin

temperature

(K)

0

27

47

456

483

273

300

756

-226

183

18 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas pressure

19 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Pressure and particles

What causes pressure in gases

In a sealed container the

particles repeatedly strike the

walls of the container

What happens if you increase the

temperature

This causes pressure

gas gets hotter

more kinetic energy

more collisions at greater speed

more pressure

Explanation of Pressure

bull Particles are in constant rapid random motion

bull They collide with the sides of the container

bull This exerts a force on the walls of the container

bull The sum of all collision forces causes Pressure

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

18 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Gas pressure

19 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Pressure and particles

What causes pressure in gases

In a sealed container the

particles repeatedly strike the

walls of the container

What happens if you increase the

temperature

This causes pressure

gas gets hotter

more kinetic energy

more collisions at greater speed

more pressure

Explanation of Pressure

bull Particles are in constant rapid random motion

bull They collide with the sides of the container

bull This exerts a force on the walls of the container

bull The sum of all collision forces causes Pressure

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

19 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Pressure and particles

What causes pressure in gases

In a sealed container the

particles repeatedly strike the

walls of the container

What happens if you increase the

temperature

This causes pressure

gas gets hotter

more kinetic energy

more collisions at greater speed

more pressure

Explanation of Pressure

bull Particles are in constant rapid random motion

bull They collide with the sides of the container

bull This exerts a force on the walls of the container

bull The sum of all collision forces causes Pressure

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

Explanation of Pressure

bull Particles are in constant rapid random motion

bull They collide with the sides of the container

bull This exerts a force on the walls of the container

bull The sum of all collision forces causes Pressure

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

Explainhellip bull Why does a balloon expand in heat

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

Explainhellip

bull What happens in evaporation

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

High energy particles escape Average KE of particles left is now lower Energy = temperature Temperature is lower Cooling effect

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

What is the differencehellip

bull hellipbetween evaporation and boiling

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Evaporation can happen well below the boiling point

bull It only happens at the surface of the liquid

bull Boiling happens throughout the liquid

bull It only happens at the boiling point

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

How can I raise the boiling point

bull Add salt and the water will boil at a higher temperature ndash why

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

bull Part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles not just water molecules

bull The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

26 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Temperature and absolute zero

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

27 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Plenary

1 Draw the 3 states of matter and name the state changes

2 Describe the motion of the particles in each state

Atomscopeexe

28 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

States of matter

29 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Converting between scales

Key words bull Absolute zero - the lowest temperature that is theoretically

possible at which the motion of particles that constitutes heat would be minimal It is zero on the Kelvin scale equivalent to ndash27315degC

bull Temperature Scale ndash the range in which a temperature can be measured

bull Kelvin - unit of thermodynamic temperature equal in magnitude to the degree Celsius K = 1198620 + 273

bull Particle Theory - all matter consists of many very small particles which are constantly moving or in a continual state of motion The degree to which the particles move is determined by the amount of energy they have

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

29 of 30 copy Boardworks Ltd 2012

Converting between scales

Key words bull Absolute zero - the lowest temperature that is theoretically

possible at which the motion of particles that constitutes heat would be minimal It is zero on the Kelvin scale equivalent to ndash27315degC

bull Temperature Scale ndash the range in which a temperature can be measured

bull Kelvin - unit of thermodynamic temperature equal in magnitude to the degree Celsius K = 1198620 + 273

bull Particle Theory - all matter consists of many very small particles which are constantly moving or in a continual state of motion The degree to which the particles move is determined by the amount of energy they have

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015

Key words bull Absolute zero - the lowest temperature that is theoretically

possible at which the motion of particles that constitutes heat would be minimal It is zero on the Kelvin scale equivalent to ndash27315degC

bull Temperature Scale ndash the range in which a temperature can be measured

bull Kelvin - unit of thermodynamic temperature equal in magnitude to the degree Celsius K = 1198620 + 273

bull Particle Theory - all matter consists of many very small particles which are constantly moving or in a continual state of motion The degree to which the particles move is determined by the amount of energy they have

copycgrahamphysicscom 2015