States of Matter

Matter

• All matter is made up of atoms

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

• An atom is the smallest particle of an element.

• “Atomos” = Latin word for “cannot be divided”

What is the difference between mass and weight?

• Mass – the amount of material or matter that makes up an object

• Weight – the measure of the pull of gravity on an object

Matter

• There are four states of matter:

• Solids

• Liquids

• Gases

• Plasma

Matter

Mixture: 2 or more substances are mixed together but each substance retains its own properties. Each substance can be separated.

Example: Salads; trail mix

Matter

• Solution: A mixture in which a substance is dissolved in another liquid and the substances are evenly distributed.

• Water + Sugar

Matter

• Solvent: The liquid of a solution

• Solute: The substance being dissolved in the liquid.

• Water + Sugar

Matter

• Combustibility – the ability to burn

• Reactivity – the ability of a substance to react chemically

• Solubility – the ability of a substance to dissolve

Atoms

• All atoms are made of three particles:

• Protons – positive charge +

• Electrons – negative charge -

• Neutrons – no charge - neutral

Atoms

• The nucleus contains neutrons and protons

• The electrons orbit the nucleus

• Compounds form when atoms combine with each other.

• The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus.

Periodic Table

• Arranged in order of atomic number

Periodic Table

• Elements are grouped by:

• Metals

• Nonmetals

• Gases

• Rare Elements

Compounds

• A group or combination of different elements.

• Water = one atom of oxygen + two atoms of hydrogen (H2O)

• H2O2= hydrogen sulfide

• C6H12O6 = glucose