Slide 1

States of Matter

Title a new page States of MatterThe notes you should write in your notebook are in red printing in this PowerPoint.

When you see words that are red on the following slides, write them in your science notebook.

States of MatterThere are three states of matter: liquid, solid, and gas.

There are three main states of matter liquid, solid, and gas. Lets talk about water. In a liquid form, we call water water. In a solid form, we call water ice. In a gas form, we call water water vapor or steam. Lets see how these states of matter are alike and how they are different! However, before we do, I need to make sure you understand some vocabulary we will be using. Please write the word and the definition in your notebook on the States of Matter page.3DefinitionVolume: The amount of space an object takes up.Practice figuring out volume by writing the answers to the questions in the next two slides.

Volume Volume is the amount of space an object takes up. The base unit of volume in the metric system in the liter and is represented by L or l. We can measure the volume of a liquid using a graduated cylinder. Volumes of solid objects can be determined by multiplying the length of the object times the width of the object times the height of the object, or l x w x h. If the object is irregular-shaped, you can take the measurement of water in a graduated cylinder, drop the object in the water, record the new measurement, and subtract that from the measurement of the water without the object. Think about you and the bathtub. You fill the bathtub with a certain amount of water. What happens when you get in? The water rises, of course. If we take the height of the water line when you are in the tub and subtract it from the water line when you are not in the tub, wed have your volume! Heres an example. I want to find the volume of a rock. I put 30 milliliters of water in a graduated cylinder. Then I drop the rock in the water. Now the water is at the 50 milliliter mark on the graduated cylinder. I subtract 30, which was the original measurement, from 50, which is 20. So the rock has a volume of 20 milliliters. Try to figure out the volumes of various objects on the next two slides.

4Measuring Liquid VolumeImages created at http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/primaryframework/downloads/SWF/measuring_cylinder.swfWhat is the volume of water in each cylinder?

Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.ABC

What is the volume for the water in the A cylinder? Write your answer in your notebook as A = then write your answer.

What is the volume for the water in the B cylinder? Write your answer in your notebook as B = then write your answer.

What is the volume for the water in the C cylinder? Write your answer in your notebook as C = then write your answer.

5Measuring Solid Volume10 cm9 cm8 cmWe can measure the volume of regular object using the formula length x width x height._____ X _____ X _____ = _____http://resources.edb.gov.hk/~s1sci/R_S1Science/sp/en/syllabus/unit14/new/testingmain1.htmWe can measure the volume of irregular object using water displacement.

Amount of H2O with object = ______

About of H2O without object = ______

Difference = Volume = ______

To find the volume of the solid cube, multiply its length, which is 10 cm, by its width, which is 8 cm, by its height, which is 9 cm.

When the object is irregular, we can find the volume by water displacement. Write the amount of water in the cylinder that has the rock. Subtract it from the cylinder that doesnt have the rock. This is the volume of the rock.6DefinitionMolecule: A group of two or more atoms that stick together.

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that stick together. Molecules are so small that nobody can see them, except with an electron microscope. Pretty much everything on Earth and other planets is made of molecules, and so is some of the dust in space.

7solidsSolids have a definite shape and volume.

Solids have molecules that are tightly packed together.

Solid molecules vibrate, or jiggle.

Solid water is ice.

Okay, now were ready to talk about states of matter. Our first state of matter is a solid. Solids have a definite shape and volume. Your pencil is a solid. You are a solid, at least on the outside! Solids have molecules that are tightly packed together. They are so tightly packed together that they cant move, but they do vibrate, or jiggle like jello! The key is that the solids hold their shape and they don't flow like a liquid. A rock will always look like a rock unless something happens to it. The same goes for salt. Even when you grind up a solid into a powder, you will see tiny pieces of that solid under a microscope. We call solid water ice. To become a solid, water has to reach 0 degrees Celsius, or 32 degrees Fahrenheit. 8liquidsLiquids have volume but can change shape, depending on the container they are in.

Liquid molecules are farther apart than solid molecules. Liquid molecules move faster than solid molecules.

Water is a liquid.

Liquids have a volume we can measure, but change shape depending on the container they are in. Liquid molecules are farther apart than solid molecules, so they actually move. They move around faster than solid molecules. Water is an example of a liquid, and stays a liquid from 0 degrees Celsius to 99 degrees Celsius. Your blood is another example of a liquid.9gassesGasses have volume, but no definite shape.

Gasses fill up any container, regardless of how big the container is.

Water in a gas form is called water vapor.

Gas is everywhere. There is something called the atmosphere. That's a big layer of gas that surrounds the Earth. Gases are random groups of atoms. In solids, atoms and molecules are compact and close together. Liquids have atoms that are spread out a little more. Gases are really spread out and the atoms and molecules are full of energy. They are bouncing around constantly.

Gases can fill a container of any size or shape. It doesn't even matter how big the container is. The molecules still spread out to fill the whole space equally. That is one of their physical characteristics. Think about a balloon. No matter what shape you make the balloon, it will be evenly filled with the gas molecules. The molecules are spread equally throughout the entire balloon. Liquids can only fill the bottom of the container, while gases can fill it entirely. The shape of liquids is really dependent on the force of gravity, while gases are light enough to have a little more freedom to move.

You might hear the term "vapor." Vapor and gas mean the same thing. The word vapor is used to describe gases that are usually found as liquids. A good example is water. For water to become water vapor, it has to reach the temperature of 100 degrees Celsius, or 212 degrees Fahrenheit.10Great work!Real World Science Video can be found in the Matter folder on our Flipped Classroom Lesson page.

Whew, were done with our notes, but not with our investigation of the states of matter! Tomorrow, were going into the lab to see gas!

Look back over your notes. Are they written neatly? Do you have the proper punctuation?

Do you have any questions over the states of matter? Write them on the sticky I gave you and well put them in our Parking Lot tomorrow!

Now, if you have about 20 minutes, click on the Real World Video found in the Matter folder on our Flipped Classroom Lesson page. I think youll really enjoy it!11