states of consciousness prof. dr. anton m.l. coenen nici – department of biological psychology
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States of consciousness Prof. dr. Anton M.L. Coenen NICI – Department of Biological Psychology Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands [email protected]. States of consciousness. Lecture 5. Altered states of consciousness. (After A. Bricolo, 1975). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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States of consciousness
Prof. dr. Anton M.L. Coenen
NICI – Department of Biological Psychology
Radboud University Nijmegen
The Netherlands
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States of consciousness
• Lecture 5. Altered states of consciousness
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(After A. Bricolo, 1975)
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Cortical involvement in tonic-clonic seizures. Red represents increases in ictal compared to interictal cerebral blood flow.
(Blumenfeld et al, 2003)
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Korsakoff
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Delirium
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Normal ageing
Damage
Parkinson
Age (years)
Dop
amin
e (%
)
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NARCOLEPSY
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Narcolepsy: symptoms
(Overeem et al., Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2001)
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LUCID DREAMING
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DAY-DREAM
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CONCENTRATION
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MEDITATION
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Dopamine release during attention and meditation (Kjaer et al, 2002)
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HYPNOSIS
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HYPNOSIS
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During hypnosis an increase in activity in parts of the cingulate cortex (part of the ‘pain matrix’) is observed. (Faymonville et al, 2003)
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• Coma is a low vigilant state caused by damage or affections of the midbrain reticular formation or by large parts of the cortex.
• In dementia (Alzheimer, multi-infarct dementia, Korsakoff syndrome) and delirium, disorientation in space and time can occur, together with hallucinations, confusions and a lowered state of consciousness.
• In narcolepsy and lucid dreaming, dream hallucinations occur. In lucid dreaming, the dreamer is ‘aware’ of his dream. In narcolepsy (REM sleep during waking), a frightening mixed perception of internal and external stimuli occur.
• Meditation is a technique to calm down the brain (relaxation) and to bring it in a trance-like state in which insight arises in mind, self and world. Hypnosis is a trance-like state with focused attention, in which people are sensitive for suggestions. Even feelings of pain can be reduced in the hypnotic state.