star study guide - mrs. smit's science...
TRANSCRIPT
Star Study GuideChapter 21 Test
Branches of Earth Science
Astronomy
The study of planets, stars, and other objects in space.
Branches of Earth Science
Lithosphere
The land masses of earth
Branches of Earth Science
Hydrosphere
The waters of the earth
Branches of Earth Science
Atmosphere
The envelope of gases that surround earth
Tools used to study stars:
Telescope
An instrument that makes distant objects appear closer
Tools used to study stars:
Spectroscope
helps astronomers determine the composition of stars by creating a spectrum
What is a spectrum?
What is a constellation?
Best Known
Constellation
What is part
of it
Ursa Major
(Big Bear)
Big Dipper
Ursa Minor
(Little Bear)
Little Dipper
4 Ways to Classify Stars:
A. Color & TemperatureB. SizeC. CompositionD. Brightness
Color & Temperature
Hottest Warm Cool Coolest
A. BLUE B. WHITE C.YELLOW D.RED
Size
Neutron~~12-15 km
White Dwarf~~ size of Earth
Medium~~Size of Sun (Most Stars)
Size
Giant~~10-1000 x’sthe sun
Super Giant~~over 1,000 x’s the sun
Brightness
Apparent Brightness
The brightness of a star as it appears on Earth.
Brightness
Absolute Brightness
The actual brightness of a star (How much light the star actually gives off)
Why is the Sun the Brightest
Because the sun is the closest star to Earth
Closer stars appear brighter (apparent magnitude)
3 factors that affect brightness
A. Temperature
B. Size
C. Distance
Composition
(Chemical Make Up)
Composition of
Stars
Percentage of
ElementHydrogen 73% (MOST)
Helium 25% (2nd Most)
Other Elements 2%
Measuring distances to stars
How to MeasurePARALLAX: the apparent change in the position of a star in the sky.
Measuring distances to stars
Unit usedLight-year: The distance that light travels in one year.
H-R Diagram
What is a graph that shows the relationship between absolute brightness and surface temperature of a star
main sequence
The area in the H-R diagram where the most stars are located.
Upper left to Lower right corner
Different Paths in
Life Cycle of a Star
The MASS of a star determines the life cycle
Which star lives longer?
Low mass stars live longer because they burn their fuel slower
Multi Star Systems
BINARY STARS
A star system with 2 stars
2 STARS
Multi Star Systems
Star Cluster
Large Group of stars
Hundreds, thousands or millions
Multi Star Systems
Galaxy
A huge collection of stars bound together by gravity
Billions of Stars
Our Galaxy
Name of
our
Galaxy
MILKY WAY GALAXY
Shape of
our
galaxy
SPIRAL GALAXY
Standard Notation
four hundred million years
400,000,000
