fresh water notes - mrs. smit's science...
TRANSCRIPT
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Fresh Water Notes
Chapter 12
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Water Cycle
• Water Cycle is a continuous moving of water from Earth’s surface to the atmosphereand back.
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Water Cycle Parts
• There are 3 Major Parts
–Evaporation: liquid water changes to a gas water vapor
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Water Cycle Parts
–Condensation: water vapor cools and “clumps” around dust particles forms a cloud
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Water Cycle Parts
–Precipitation: Water vapor condenses and droplets get heavier
•Examples
–Rain
–Snow
–Sleet
–Hail
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Precipitation•Returns to earth and…
–Soaks into the soilgroundwater
–Runs off the land back to the ocean Run Off
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Distribution of Earth’s Water
• 97% salt water
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Salt Water Locations
• Location of Salt Water
–Oceans
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Saltwater: Oceans
•Pacific
–Largest
–Deepest
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Saltwater: Oceans
•Atlantic
–2nd largest
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Saltwater: Oceans
•Indian
–Smallest liquid ocean
–Deeper than Atlantic
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Saltwater: Oceans
• Arctic
–Smallest
–mostly frozen
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Freshwater Location
• 3% fresh water
– about ¾ of fresh water is frozen
– about ¼ of fresh water is underground
– A tiny portion is in lakes and rivers
– A tiny portion is in water vapor in atmosphere
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Freshwater Location
• Location of Fresh water
–Ice
•Locked in sheets at the poles
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Freshwater Location
–Rivers and Lakes
•Important source of fresh water for communities
•Very small amount of the worlds water
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Freshwater Location
–Groundwater
• More water is stored underground than in all of Earth’s rivers and lakes.
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Surface Water
• Fresh water is found here
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River Systems
• Rivers start in the mountainsas run off from melting snow
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Parts of A River System
–Tributaries: streams & smaller rivers that feed into main river
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Parts of A River System
–Water Shed: land & area that supplies water to a river system
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We live in the Mississippi River water shed
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Parts of A River System
–Divide: Land ridge that separates one water shed from another•The continental divide is the longestdivide in North America
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Ponds
• Characteristics of Ponds
–Contain standing water (not moving)
–Shallow
•Sunlight reaches the bottom
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Pond Formation
• Ponds form in different ways
–Rainfall
–Melting snow and ice
–Run off
–Rivers
–Ground water
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Ponds are Habitats
• Ponds are habitats for many animals
–Habitat: the place an organism lives and gets what it needs to survive
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Lakes
• Characteristics of a lake
–Deeper and bigger than ponds
–Sunlight does not reach the bottom
•No plants live on the bottom
–Bottom is sand, pebble or rock
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Formation of Lakes
• Formed in several ways
–Ice sheets melting (Glaciers)
•Ex. Great Lakes
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Formation of Lakes
–Movement of Earth’s crust
•Ex. Lake Victoria in Africa
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Formation of Lakes
–Volcanoes
•From lava flow
•Empty volcano craters
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Formation of Lakes
–Reservoir- a lake that stores water for human use
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Wetlands
• A land area that is coveredwith water during part or all of the year
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Types of Wetlands
• Three common types
–Marshes- grassy areas covered by shallow wateror a stream
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Types of Wetlands
–Swamp- look like flooded forests
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Type of Wetlands
–Bogs- in cool areas
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Wetlands
• Everglades: Marshes in Florida
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Importance of Wetlands
• Importance of wetlands
–Habitats to many species
–Natural water filters
–Flood controls
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Water Underground
• How water movesunderground
• Trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces
in layers of rock
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Groundwater Movement
• Different types of rock and soil effects how water moves–Large pore size water moves easilydownward•Permeable: water can passthrough
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Groundwater Movement
–Small pores- or no connected pores
•Impermeable: water cannotpass
through
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Water Zones
–Saturated Zone
•Totally filled
–water table: top of the saturated zone
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Water Zones
–Unsaturated Zone
•Pores have some moisture but also some air
•Not Filled
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Bringing Up Ground Water
• Springs: groundwater bubbles or flows out cracksin the rocks
–Can be hot or cold
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Bringing up Groundwater
• Aquifers: any underground layer of rock or sediment that holds H2O
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Bringing Up Groundwater
• Wells
–Location: below the water table
•can be effected by drought (no rain)
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Bringing Up Groundwater
–Pumps
•Mechanical
•Overuse
–Pump can become
dry
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Bringing Up Groundwater
• Artesian Well: water rises because of the pressurewithin the aquifer
–No pump necessary
–Water spurts out
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Bringing Up Groundwater
• Geyser: fountain of boiling water and white steam bursts into air
–Periodically erupts (on a regular schedule)
•Heated by magma
–Ex. Old Faithful