standards for barrier-free campus - mcgill university · 2019. 5. 29. · can/csa-b651-m90...

Standards for

Barrier-Free Campus

Office for Students with Disabilities

University Planning Office June 2004

F:\PROJECTS\Disabled\ACCESS04.doc

INTRODUCTION

The McGill standards for barrier-free and universal design (hereafter referred to as the McGill

Standards) are the minimum requirements for accessibility to McGill services and facilities. The

purpose of this manual is to outline these standards for all new construction, major renovations and

retrofitting.

The McGill Standards have been prepared by the Office for Students with Disabilities (OSD) and the

Office of Physical Resources (OPR). The standards heavily reference the National Building Code of

Canada 1990 (hereafter referred to as the NBC), the Universal Design Institute from the university of

Manitoba (hereafter referred to as the UDI), and the Canadian Standards Association Manual

CAN/CSA-B651-M90 Barrier-Free Design (hereafter referred to as the CSA).

For design standards not outlined specifically here, the CSA standards shall apply, except where the

CSA standards are exceeded by the NBC or any other applicable code.

All specific models and manufacturers listed here are based on information available at the time of

publication of this document. These models are subject to revision as improved models become

available and as the needs for different buildings may vary. A hardware consultant shall be consulted

and alternative models shall be approved.

Throughout this document, various standards exceed the requirements of the National Building

Code. Experience in the University and other jurisdictions indicates that the higher standards within

this report represent a preferred level of barrier-free design.

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1. EXTERIOR ACCESS

1.1 Building Entrances

The main entrance(s) of every building complex shall be barrier-free and it is preferable if all

entrances and exits in new construction are designed to be barrier-free. The overall objective for

building entrances is that persons with disabilities shall enter and exit from building complexes

through the same building elements as the general University population, and shall require no special

keys or special arrangements to achieve this access.

When retrofitting buildings, or when adding wings to buildings, every effort shall be made to ensure

that the major entrances are barrier-free.

General requirements for a barrier-free entrance:

• Each main entrance shall be provided with an identifiable, well-signed, pick-up and drop-off

point. The drop-off shall include space for short-term parking, benches for waiting, and be

clearly visible.

• Each main entrance shall be equipped with automatic door openers in conformance with McGill

Standards, and identified with the international symbol of access.

• The minimum clear width of the door opening shall be 850 mm (34”).

• The minimum clear floor areas at the doors shall be provided, as outlined in section 2.3.4.

• A University telephone shall be installed within clear visibility of the main entrance, so that

persons with disabilities can easily communicate with transportation services.

• The accessible main entrance shall lead to major services such as the reception area, elevators,

services, lavatories, telephones, and directional information.

• Barrier-free entrances shall be created via grading, whenever possible, rather than using a ramp

or an elevating device.

• Barrier-free exits shall be available throughout the building.

In cases where the main entrance is not accessible, an appropriate sign shall be installed at the main

entrance directing people to the accessible entrance.

McGill Standards adapts UDI’s recommendations for entrances for people with visual or cognitive

impairments. These requirements aim at creating cues that stimulate a variety of senses.

The entrances shall:

• Be logically located.

• Be centered on the path of travel.

• Be colour contrasted from the surrounding area.

• Have audible cues through recessing or by covering the entrance doors with canopies.

• Be well lit and provide transitional lighting to diminish differences between interior and exterior

lighting levels for both day or night.

• Be marked with tactile and Braille sign.

For entrances which are accessible but where assistance is required, a telephone or intercom shall be

installed in conformance with McGill standards; it shall provide direct communication with informed

personnel who can provide assistance. It shall also use visual and verbal security features to provide

access for the widest range of users including people who are deaf, hard of hearing, and with visual

impairments.

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1.2 Parking

1.2.1 Exterior Parking (See Figure 1)

Every major building complex shall have at least ONE exterior accessible parking space, designed in

conformance with McGill Standards. Where exterior parking is provided, an accessible route shall

be provided between the parking area and the accessible entrance of the adjacent McGill facility,

providing the shortest possible circulation route.

Since the need of accessible parking spaces often exceeds the number of designated parking spaces,

the following table provides a reference for the minimum number of accessible parking spaces to be

included in new construction or when retrofitting a building.

Total Number of Spaces in Parking Lot Suggested Minimum Number of Accessible

Spaces

1 – 25

26 – 50

51 - 75

76 – 100

101 – 150

151 – 200

201 – 300

301 – 400

401 – 500

501 – 1000

Over 1000

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3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2% of total

20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1000

Table1: Minimum number of accessible parking spaces Adapted from UDI

1.2.1.1 Access Aisle

People who use wheelchairs, scooters, or walkers need wider standard parking. An access aisle is

provided to allow for easy manoeuvring.

The access aisle shall:

Be at least 1500mm (5’0”) wide and 6000mm (20’0”) long adjacent and parallel to the vehicle

pull-up space.

Provide a stable surface that is level with the parking area.

Not include a ramp or slope exceeding 1:50 (2%) in any direction.

Run the full length and be parallel to the parking space.

Be clearly marked with a slip resistant, contrasting material. Caution shall be used when using

paint to mark the area. Painting the entire area would make the surface slippery when wet, so

consider adding sand or another abrasive to the paint.

Two parking spaces may share one access aisle.

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1.2.1.2 Barrier-Free Path through Parking Areas

A barrier-free path must connect the accessible parking spaces to the building.

The barrier-free path shall:

Be level, stable, slip resistant, and be kept free of snow, ice or debris.

Be clearly distinguished from its surroundings.

Be a minimum of 1200mm (4’0”) wide.

Be provided between rows of cars parked beside each other or parked end to end. When it is not

possible to provide the path at grade, curb ramps will be required and the width of the path will

be increased to 1500mm (5’0”).

Use a material that makes the path easy to manoeuvre by a person on a wheelchair. Materials

such as asphalt and concrete are acceptable while gravel is not an acceptable choice.

Have a minimum illumination level of 100 lux.

General requirements:

Wheel stops shall be used to prevent vehicles from projecting into the path.

If block heater plugs are provided, they shall be located off the path of travel and placed no

higher than 1200mm (4’0”) to be accessible to a person using a wheelchair or a scooter.

Parking meters and ticket dispensers which are not reached from the car window shall be located

no higher than 1200mm (4’0”) from the ground and shall not require tight grasping, twisting, or

pinching to operate.

Meters shall have a clear area of 900mm x 1500mm (3’0” x 5’0”) adjacent to the controls.

Locating meters or ticket dispensers on recessed or raised curbs makes them inaccessible to a

person using a wheelchair and is unacceptable.

1.2.1.3 Parking Signage

For parking signage, refer to section 7.1.4.

1.2.1.4 Enforcement of Accessible Parking Spaces

Enforcement and care of the parking surfaces and access aisles are required in order to ensure the

availability of accessible parking spaces.

Access aisles may require bollards or other devices to ensure that drivers do not park on these

surfaces.

Continued maintenance is required to keep the parking surfaces and access aisles well marked,

level, and clear of snow and debris.

Penalties must be imposed for inappropriate use of the designated accessible stalls.

1.2.2 Interior Parking For new construction, where interior parking is provided, the required number of accessible parking

spaces shall conform to table 1. Also, general requirements from sections 1.2.1.1-4 shall apply.

The accessible parking spaces shall be independently accessible by persons with mobility

impairments from all floor areas in the building.

Barrier-free paths adjacent to accessible parking areas shall be accessible to wheelchair users and

shall not require travel behind parked cars or through vehicular circulation routes. Parking spaces

designated for people with disabilities shall be provided on the shortest possible accessible route to

the main entrance of a building, or to the nearest accessible entrance.

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1.2.3 Parking Space Dimensions

McGill Standards requires “universal” parking spaces (Americans with Disabilities Accessibility

Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities, 1991, A4.6.3). The universal parking space is an alternative

to providing one size space for a car and a different sized space for a van.

The width of a “universal” parking space is 3300mm (11’0”) with an access aisle 1500mm

(5’0”) for a total of 4800mm (16’0”).

The length of an accessible parking space shall not be less than 6000mm (20’0”)

Parallel accessible parking spaces shall include the following design considerations:

The length of parallel accessible parking spaces shall be the same length as the perpendicular

accessible parking space and is dependant on the parking layout.

They require an additional 1500mm (5’0”) length to manoeuvre around the back of the car

and access the curb cut onto the sidewalk.

Note the need to provide curb cuts into the sidewalk adjacent to accessible parallel parking

spaces.

1.2.4 Transit Parking and Drop-Off Points Designated parking places and drop-off points for public and McGill transit vehicles shall be

provided at main entrances of new construction of McGill buildings and facilities.

The transit parking and drop-off points shall:

• Be at least 4800mm (16’0”) wide.

• Have an adjacent access aisle demarcated by markings on paved surfaces leading to the

nearest curb ramp.

• Have a length that is determined by the number of cars expected. For each car anticipated at

the loading zone at any given time, a 6000mm (20’0”) length is needed.

• Be marked with the international symbol of accessibility on the pavement.

.1.3 Exterior walks

Exterior walks are part of a building’s barrier-free path of travel. Refer to section 2.2 (Barrier-Free

Path of Travel) for additional requirements.

1.3.1 General Requirements

Exterior walks shall:

• Be not less than 1200mm (4’0”) wide and 1500mm (5’0”) wide where the walkway is

immediately adjacent to and at the same level as a roadway.

• Be slip resistant, firm and continuous. Slip resistant surfaces are important for all users, but of

particular concern for people who have difficulty with their balance and limitations of lower body

strength and mobility, whether or not they use a wheelchair.

• Use materials such as concrete and asphalt which provide a firm and even surface while

cobblestones, interlocking bricks, wood decking, and crushed stone can create difficulties for

people on wheelchairs or using canes.

• Be colour and texture contrasted from its surrounding surfaces but clear from any visual clutter or

glare. This is particularly important for people with visual impairments.

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• Not have any obstacles protruding into the exterior path of travel. In the case where they are

unavoidable, they require colour contrast and an indicator surface of 300mm (1’0”) surrounding

the object with colour and texture contrast.

• Be equipped with a guard rail (complying with NBC 3.4 Guards) not less than 1050mm (3’6”) in

height along any adjacent change in elevation of more than 300mm (1’0”).

• Have a minimum level of lighting of 100 lux to clearly identify the path of travel to the entrance.

General Requirements:

• Where joints exist, they must be made as flush as possible and gaps must not exceed 6mm (1/4”).

• When cross slopes are necessary for drainage, they may not be steeper than 1:50 (2%).

• Where drainage structures are installed, they shall be flush with the walkways and not located

adjacent to or on a curb ramp.

• When grating is used to cover the drainage structure, the grates shall be oriented so that the long

dimension is perpendicular to the path of travel and the grating may not have gaps greater than

6mm (1/4”).

• In large open areas, such as a plaza or lobby, the path of travel shall be delineated by using a

different texture and colour from the surrounding areas. The path of travel shall always be the

surface offering less resistance.

1.3.2 Pedestrian Crosswalks The pedestrian crosswalk shall be colour and texture contrasted from the surrounding street surface

to be more easily identified for people with visual impairments. The outside boundary lines are

particularly important for people with visual impairments and for drivers to keep out of this area.

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1.3.3 Curb Cuts (See Figure 2)

Sidewalks at intersections of accessible routes, corners of blocks and wherever else necessary shall

have curb cuts. Curb cuts shall be located at corners and oriented on the diagonal wherever possible.

Curb cuts shall:

Have a detectable slope and lip for people with limited or no vision to feel when they have left a

sidewalk or path and entered a street or parking lot.

Be a minimum 1200mm (4’0”) wide.

Be no steeper than 1:12 (8%); 1:20 (5%) is preferred.

Have flared sides where pedestrians are likely to walk. The maximum slope of flared sides shall

be 1:10.

Have a straight curb edge between 600mm to 900mm (2’0” to 3’0”) on either side of the curb

ramp and within the designated crosswalk area with the edge marked in a contrasting colour.

Have a beveled lip on the curb ramp no lower than 6mm (1/4”) and no higher than 13mm (1/2”)

in order to be detected by a person with a visual impairment while not interfering with a person

using a wheelchair.

Be located at all intersections within marked crossings and provide an aid to straight line

orientation for people with visual impairments by lining up with one another (continuous wrap

around or corner curb ramps are not recommended and pose hazards for people using

wheelchairs or scooters or with strollers, as well as for people with visual impairments by

directing them out of the crosswalk and into the traffic).

Be located in the line of travel.

Have colour, texture, and tone differences from the surrounding surfaces.

Be slip resistant.

All curb cuts shall be painted and signed as per Figure 2.

1.3.4 Pedestrian Traffic Control Signals Traffic control signals shall provide enough time for a person with a disability to slowly cross the

street.

Pedestrian crossings shall always provide audible signals in addition to visual pedestrian traffic

control signals. The audible signal shall:

• Provide directional information by emanating from each pole on opposite sides of the

intersection.

• Be loud enough to be heard over traffic noise.

1.3.5 Landings on Walkways Landings on walkways are level areas adjacent to doorways.

Based on UDI’s recommendations for landings, McGill Standards requires the following for landings

on walkways:

A clear space for a turning circle of 3150mm (10’6”). This space allows a person using a

wheelchair or scooter to change direction to open a door.

The landing shall be located to allow a 600mm (2’0”) level approach to the latch side of the door.

The landing shall be at floor level or no greater than 13mm (1/2”) below/above the floor finish.

Entrances’ landings shall be sheltered, such as by a canopy or by being recessed.

The landing shall be sloped to provide drainage from the doorway, but shall not exceed 1:50

(2%).

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1.3.6 Passing and Rest Areas Based on UDI’s recommendations for passing and rest areas, McGill Standards requires the

following:

Long walkways greater than 15m (50’0”) and less than 1500mm (5’0”) wide require a passing

area wide enough for one person using a wheelchair or scooter to pass another.

Walkways also need to widen at any changes in direction.

Passing areas shall be a minimum 1500mm (5’0”) wide and be at least 2100mm (7’0”) long.

Rest areas shall be provided every 15m (50’0”) along the path of travel. The rest areas are

particularly important for people with disabilities but are not on wheelchairs.

The rest area shall be off the path of travel and be at least 600mm (2’0”) wide with a preferred

width of 900mm (3’0”) to prevent seated persons from intervening with the path of travel.

The rest area’s surface shall be contrasted from the surrounding surfaces for people with visual

impairments.

1.3.6.1 Benches for Rest Areas

Based on UDI’s recommendations for benches, McGill Standards requires the following:

The seat height shall be between 450mm and 500mm (1’6” to 1’8”) from the ground.

The seat depth shall be 450mm (1’6”).

Back and arm rests shall be provided.

A clear area of at least 900mm (3’0”) wide by 1500mm (5’0”) long shall be provided adjacent to

the bench to allow a person with a wheelchair to wheel next to a person sitting on the bench.

When there are two benches in the rest area, placing the benches facing each other or at a 90°

angle is better suited for people with hearing and communications disabilities.

1.3.7 Site Furniture Based on UDI’s recommendations, McGill Standards for site furniture is the following:

Site furniture shall be located off the path of travel and shall be accessible for people with

disabilities.

When it is not possible to remove an item off the path of travel, there shall be indicator surfaces

imbedded in the walkway surface with colour and texture contrast that project a minimum of

300mm (1’0”) beyond the object. The indicator surface allows detection with a white cane and

can eliminate the possibility of tripping and falling.

The furniture shall be placed consistently throughout the site and each type shall have a unique

colour or shape for easier identification.

1.3.8 Landscaping Based on UDI’s recommendations for landscaping, McGill Standards for landscaping is the

following:

Thorny plants shall not be used immediately adjacent to walks.

Branches that overhang walks shall be pruned to a minimum height of 2250mm (7’6”) above

ground level; a minimum of 2600mm (8’6”) is preferred.

Plants that drop large seedpods shall not overhang the walkway.

Avoid poisonous plants adjacent to the walkway or rest area.

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Plant materials may affect melting snow and ice on walkways or may create dark shade areas

causing inconsistent lighting. Consider their mature shadow patterns during summer and winter

months before deciding on a location or type of plant.

Many trees with shallow or surface root systems will heave or break walkway surfaces. Use

caution when choosing these varieties.

Allow views of the path to and from the sidewalk and street for safety.

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2. HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION

2.1 General Criteria (See Figure 3)

All horizontal circulation within a building shall provide clear access routes as defined below:

• Where changes in elevation do exist, ramps (with slopes no greater than 1:20), elevators or

platform lifts shall be provided to maintain the continuity of an accessible route.

• Where a door, or series of doors, restricts the movement of a wheelchair user or person with a

mobility impairment, 'hold-open' devices conforming to McGill standards shall be used to

maintain the continuity of an accessible route where permitted by Code (as per McGill Standards

section 2.3.10).

• Doors in access routes shall be transparent wherever possible in order to ensure proper visibility

for persons moving in either direction. (Refer to sections 2.3.7 and 2.3.8)

• The minimum clear width of corridors with low pedestrian traffic shall be not less than 1200mm

(4’0”). For medium to high traffic areas, the minimum clear width shall be not less than 1500mm

(5’0”). More space may be required when doors swing into the path of travel.

• Dead end corridors shall be no longer than 6m (20’0”) and shall provide sufficient space for a

person using a wheelchair or a scooter to turn around. There shall be signage indicating no

through passage and a minimum of 3150mm (10’6”) diameter turn area at the end of the dead end

corridor.

• Objects protruding from walls with their leading edges between 675mm (2’3”) and 2250mm

(7’6”) from the floor shall protrude not more than 100mm (4”) into pedestrian areas. It is

preferable that all objects be recessed off the path of travel even if they are lower than 675mm

(2’3”) from the floor. Theoretically, protrusions at that low level shall be detected by a white

cane; however practically, they might not be detected and consequently cause injury. When

retrofitting buildings, if the ceiling height prohibits respecting the 2250mm (7’6”) minimum

height clearance without protrusions, signs and other obstacles may be placed at a minimum of

2025mm (6’8”) from floor level to the bottom of the sign.

• A guardrail having its leading edge at or below 675mm (2’3”) from the floor shall be provided

where the headroom of an area adjoining an accessible route is reduced to less than 2025mm

(6’8”).

• The minimum clear width of aisles within offices, classrooms and language labs shall be 900 mm

(3’0”).

• Corridors shall be uniformly lit to a level of 100 lux, glare-free, with a slip-resistant finish. There

shall be a clear demarcation of changes in floor level and slope edges of corridors\walkways

provided by colour contrasts and changes of texture.

2.1.1 Walls Different wall schemes employing colour and texture can be used to identify different areas in a

building and aid wayfiniding for people with low vision. Visual clutter shall be avoided however

because of its adverse effects on people with cognitive, hearing, and visual impairments, as well as

those with balance difficulties.

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Based on UDI’s specifications for walls, McGill Standards requires that walls shall:

• Be colour contrasted from the floor or have a contrasting boundary where the wall meets the

floor.

• Have a matte finish with no rough surfaces for people with low or no vision who rely on touching

the wall in their wayfinding.

• Not be composed entirely of glass, mirror or highly polished metal which is difficult to

distinguish for people with low vision. Where this condition exists, a 100mm to 125mm (4” to

5”) horizontal contrasting strip must be applied the full width of the wall at a height of 1350mm

(4’6”) from the floor finish.

2.1.2 Floors Based on UDI’s specifications for floors, McGill Standards requires that floor surfaces shall:

• Have a non-glare surface.

• Be slip resistant.

• Avoid visual clutter in its patterns.

• Be a colour that allows lighting to be consistent and appropriately well illuminated.

• If carpeted, be securely fixed with low level loop and be properly level cut.

• If containing mats, have mats that are colour contrasted from the surrounding surfaces, not exceed

13mm (1/2”), have a bevelled edge, and be securely fixed or placed in a depression.

2.2 Barrier-Free Path of Travel

The provision of a barrier-free path within a building includes the exterior paths within the property

lines from the street and parking areas to the barrier-free entrances and interior paths from the

entrance to all areas normally occupied by employees, students or consumers of services.

A barrier-free path of travel assumes either level access, a gradual slope of 1:20 (5%) or less, an

appropriate ramp, and/or elevating devices in addition to or in lieu of stairs. Level access and a

gradual slope are the preferred and the most reliable methods of access.

When a barrier-free path of travel is provided, there shall be access to all suites and rooms adjacent

to the barrier-free path of travel.


A barrier-free path of travel shall:

• Be not less than 1200mm (4’0”) wide for an accessible path of travel with limited pedestrian

traffic and a minimum 1500mm (5’0”) wide for one person using a wheelchair or scooter to pass

another.

• Provide the surface with the least resistance.

• Be continuous and even from any cracks or deteriorations.

• Be firm, level, and flush with no gaps (such as grates) larger than 6mm (1/4”).

• Use materials that are slip resistant and have a non-glare surface.

• Have joints that are flush with no difference in height greater than 6mm (1/4”).

• Be equipped with a guard rail (complying with NBC 3.4 Guards) not less than 1050mm (3’6”) in

height along any adjacent change in elevation of more than 300mm (1’0”)

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For buildings located on sloping sites, a wheelchair user shall not be required to travel outside the

building in order to gain access to another level. It is necessary to provide interior, accessible routes

to all levels. Escalators do not constitute a barrier-free path of travel in a building.

2.2.2 Changes in Elevation Based on UDI’s specifications, McGill Standards for changes in elevation is the following:

• There shall be no change in elevation greater than 6mm (1/4”) throughout a barrier-free path of

travel.

• If there is a change in elevation greater than 6mm (1/4”) but no more than 13mm (1/2”), it must

be bevelled.

• Changes in elevation greater than 13mm (1/2”) must be designed as a curb ramp, ramp or

elevating device.

• Gradual changes in elevation shall have slopes no steeper than 1:20 (5%). Slopes 1:20 (5%) or

less steep are preferred and are not designated as ramps. Slopes 1:19 (5.25%) and steeper must be

designed following the standards for ramps.

2.2.3 Passing and Rest Areas along the Path of Travel The requirements in section 1.3.6. apply.

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2.3 Doors

2.3.1 General Requirements Doors shall be selected and mounted to reduce sound transmission. This is of particular

importance for people with hearing disabilities.

Revolving doors or turnstiles are not suitable for accessibility and shall never be the only

means of access.

It is preferred that doors open to the right to aid people with guide dogs. It is usual for the

guide dog to be on the left side so the left hand is on the dog harness. However, doors shall

be oriented not to swing into the route of travel.

Door edges and jambs shall be rounded.

Doors and doorframes shall be colour contrasted from the surrounding surfaces to be

identifiable by people with low vision. Fire exit doors shall be painted a different colour from

the others for easier identification. Unpainted stainless steel doors may be inappropriate due

to insufficient colour contrast from the surrounding environment as well as producing glare.

2.3.2 Clear width (See Figure 4)

The minimum clear width of a door opening shall be 850mm (34”). The clear width is determined by

measuring from the face of the door when opened 90° to the stop. The door size does not solely

determine the clear opening; therefore, a 900mm (3’0”) standard door will usually be sufficient.

When retrofitting a building, offset (swing clear) hinges are suggested to maximize the clear width

opening without changing the doorframe.

2.3.3 Door Opening Force The maximum force required to open an exterior door shall be 38N, and 22N for an interior door.

2.3.4 Clear Space at Doors (See Figure 4)

The clear floor space at doors shall be 1500mm x 1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) on the pull side of the door,

and 1200mm x 1500mm (4’0” x 5’0”) on the push side. The larger dimension on the push side refers

to the dimension away from the door. The minimum clear space beyond the latch side of the door

shall be 600mm (2’0”) on the pull side; and 300mm (1’0”) on the push side. The clear space adjacent

to the door latch allows a person on a wheelchair or scooter to approach the latch and open/close the

door.

2.3.5 Doors in Series (See Figure 4)

The minimum distance between two doors in series shall be 1500mm (5’0”) plus the width of any

door swinging into the space. McGill Standards uses this larger dimension because the Code does

not provide for tolerance for error in lining up between door swings and does not consider use by

persons in larger motorized wheelchairs and scooters.

Vestibules at entrances and accessible washrooms must comply with this requirement.

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2.3.6 Double-Leaf Doorways (See Figure 5)

Each opening in a doorway having two independently operated door leaves shall have a minimum

clear width of 850mm (34”). If both doors in an existing double-leaf doorway cannot be made to

comply with this requirement, then at least one active leaf shall provide a minimum clear opening of

850mm (34”), and appropriate signage shall be located to identify the accessible door. A central post

installed between the double doors shall be avoided because it presents difficulty for people with

guide dogs or escorts and reduces the clear opening width of the doors.

2.3.7 Glass Doors Glazing in doors provides opportunities for children and for a person in a wheelchair to see and to be

seen which contributes to eliminating injury. The amount of glass must be limited because large

areas of glass can be mistaken for an open area by people with visual impairments.

2.3.7.1 General Requirements

• Door hardware and doorframes of glass doors shall contrast in colour and brightness with

the surrounding surfaces.

• Colour and brightness contrasting markings no less than 125mm (5”) in width shall be

applied horizontally across the full door or panel surface at a height of 1350mm (4’6”)

above the floor.

• Glazing shall not go below 300mm (1’0”) from the floor to avoid damage from

wheelchairs.

The requirements of NBC 3.3.1.8, Transparent Doors and Panels, shall apply.

2.3.8 Vision Panels and Transparent Panels (See Figure 5)

Where transparent glazing is incorporated into a door which requires a fire rating of 45 minutes, the

lowermost edge shall be at 950mm (3’2”) above the floor. Where provided, glazing shall be at least

75mm (3”) in width located on the latch side of the door. The top of any vision panel shall be at

1800mm (6’0”) above the floor, and shall permit a wheelchair user to see and be seen. If a panic bar

is installed, the lower edge of the vision panel shall be raised to approximately 1100mm (3’8”) in

order to clear the panic bar.

2.3.9 Thresholds Thresholds at the intersection of floor areas shall be flush with the floor and shall contrast in colour

and brightness with surrounding floor surfaces. If thresholds cannot be eliminated in existing

situations (retrofit), the requirements in section 2.2.2. must apply for changes in elevation.

2.3.10 Door Hardware (See Figure 6)

2.3.10.1 Handles

All interior doors shall conform to the following general requirements:

• Interior doors must be supplied with LEVER hardware with a return back towards the door

to eliminate catching clothing.

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• A push-pull hardware may be used on doors without latches. The pull hardware shall have

a minimum 50mm (2”) clearance between the loop of the handle and the door.

• Doors leading to hazardous areas such as fire escapes, loading platforms, and

mechanical/electrical rooms, shall have a roughened or knurled handle. This cue provides

vital information for people with visual impairments.

• Door hardware shall be colour contrasted from the surrounding door surface.

• The handle shall be mounted at a height of 900mm (3’0”), measured from the floor to the

centre-line.

McGill Standards approves the use of Corbin/Russwin (CL3300 series lockset with NZD lever in

626 finish).

All exterior doors shall:

• Be supplied with door pulls or push plates that do not require forceful grasping, pinching or

twisting of the wrist

McGill Standards approves the use of door pulls by Trimco/BBW (model 1199-2 + 1809-4 x

MTG “E” x 630 or model 1195-1 + 1809-4 x MTG “E” x 630).

2.3.10.2 Emergency Pushbars Hardware

Emergency pushbar exit devices shall:

• Be readily operable and installed to release the latch when a force of not more than 38N is

applied for exterior doors and 22N for interior doors. The effective width of the doorway

must not be reduced.

• Be mounted at a height of 900mm (3’0”), measured from the floor to the centre-line of the

emergency pushbar.

McGill Standards approves the use of the following models:

• For single doors: Corbin/Russwin (ED5600 series with heavy-duty trim N9M00 series,

both in 626 finish).

• For double doors: Corbin/Russwin (ED5400 series with heavy-duty trim N900 series, both

in 626 finish).

2.3.10.3 Hold-Open Devices / Electromagnetic Locks

Hold-open devices shall be installed on all doors along barrier-free routes of travel (as defined in

section 2.1) except where prohibited by Code. The maximum force required to open a door is

outlined in section 2.3.3. Hold-open devices shall otherwise comply with the requirements of the

NBC 3.4.6.15(4) Door Release Hardware.

McGill Standards approves the use of Rixson (FM900 series) or the equivalent.

2.3.10.4 Door Closers

The use of door closers shall be discouraged where not required by Code. Door closers, where

required by Code, shall have a closing period of more than three seconds from an open position of

90 to a semi-closed position of approximately 12 (ref. CSA 4.2.6.3 Interior Door Closers).

The door shall not take too long to open because people would tend to think that the door does

not work. A good balance between allowing people sufficient time to move through the door and

not making them wait unduly must be achieved.

Door closers shall offer as little resistance as practicable for easier opening by people with limited

upper body strength. The higher resistance for exterior doors recognizes typical problems

associated with wind and stack action, but many people with limited hand and arm strength

20

cannot open exterior doors that require strength of 38N. Power door operators eliminate this

difficulty when used.

Door closers shall allow the door to close completely. A partially opened door may cause

problems for people with visual impairments.


• For interior doors: Norton (7500 series) or Corbin/Russwin (DC6200 series).

• For exterior doors: Norton (7500 series with UNI or UNI-J arm) or Corbin/Russwin

(DC6200 series with A11 or A12 arm).

2.3.10.5 Kick Plates

Kick plates, 300mm (1’0”) high, are required to protect doors from wheelchair footrests. They

shall be installed on exterior doors and on interior doors in barrier-free paths of travel. The kick

plates can aid opening doors since people using wheelchairs will often use the footrest to push or

hold a door open.

McGill Standards approves the use of Trimco kick plates models K0050, KA050-1, or KA050-2.

The protective plates must be 1.25mm (0 .050”) thick in aluminium, brass, bronze, or stainless

steel with countersunk screw holes.

2.3.10.6 Hinges

If existing doorframes cannot be widened to meet the minimum clear width requirement, then

swing-clear or wrap around hinges are recommended.

The use of ball bearing hinges is also recommended because they can reduce resistance due to the

weight of the door and can make a heavy door easier to open.


• For swing-clear application: Stanley model FBB268.

• For standard application: Stanley model FBB179.

• For heavy-duty application: Stanley model FBB168.

• For exterior application: Stanley model FBB199.

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2.4 Power and Automatic Door Openers

2.4.1 Locations where required

Automatic Door Openers are required:

• At accessible main entrance doors.

• If an existing door is not readily operable, i.e. more than 38N is required to open an exterior

door or more than 22N is required to open an interior door.

• When the minimum clear space required beyond the latch side of the door cannot be provided.

• When the minimum clear floor area required on the push and pull sides of the door cannot be

provided.

Power Door Openers are required:

• At the main accessible entrances of major McGill buildings.

Power operators need to be provided to allow independent entry by people who are unable to open

doors. People using a wheelchair without hand use shall be able to independently approach and enter

through a power door.

Also, in cold climates, push plates tend to freeze causing the door to remain open or not to open at

all; power door openers remedy this problem. The power door opener must be installed at an angle so

that it is sensitive to people entering the building and not to every passer by.

2.4.2 Different Systems

Power door openers may consist of electric eye or microwave motion scanners (preferred).

Automatic door openers consist of push plates.

Fully powered doors controlled by a motion sensor are preferred; sliding doors are most

recommended being the most convenient for all users. Sliding doors are preferred to swing doors

because the latter can pose a hazard for people with visual impairments. If the swing of the door

enters the path of travel, a guard is required to protect pedestrians from being accidentally struck by

the swing of the door.

The guard shall:

Be colour contrasted from its surroundings.

Have a horizontal railing at 150mm (6”), 600mm (2’0”) and 1050mm (3’6”).

Also, there shall be an audible sound as the door is opening.

2.4.3 Recommended Standard Unit for Push Plates McGill Standards approves the use of Stanley Magic Access automatic door opener, activated by

Stanley Magic Touch circular push plates, diameter of 150mm (6”).

The push plates shall:

• Be identified with the international symbol of Accessibility in blue, integral with the push

plate.

• Be operable with a closed fist with minimal force.

• Be colour contrasted from the surrounding surfaces.

• Be well illuminated.

• Be mounted at a height of 900mm (3’0”), measured from the floor to the centre line of the

push plate with a second push plate at 225mm (9”) that may be activated by foot or a

wheelchair’s footrest for people without hand use.

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2.4.4 Installation Specifications for Push Plates a) Frontal approach: (See Figure 7)

On the pull side of the door, the distance to the push plate shall be equal to the length of the door

swing plus 300mm (1’0”); and on the push side of the door, 450mm (1’6”).

b) Parallel approach: (See Figure 7)

For a parallel approach, a clear area of 750mm x 1200 mm (2’6” x 4’0”) is required in front of the

door. The push plate shall be located at a distance of 450mm (1’6”) centre-line from the

doorframe.

If the clear area cannot be provided, then the push plate shall be located on the closest adjacent

wall which provides appropriate clearance.

c) Automatic Doors in Series:

For two doors in series, the first push plate approached in a direction of travel shall activate the

door continuing in the same direction of travel. Push plates located in existing vestibules shall be

located so that the activation of the second door in series does not interfere with the closing action

of the first door.

d) Delay-Action:

Automatic and power door openers shall take not less than 3 seconds to move from the closed to

the fully open position and shall remain fully open until the door swing area is cleared by the

user.

e) Ramps:

The location of the push plate shall be on the landing in front of the ramp, in conformance with

other standards.

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3. VERTICAL CIRCULATION

3.1 Stairs (See Figure 8)

Stairs shall be considered in conjunction with ramps because some people have difficulties

negotiating slopes.


• Stairways shall be enclosed and placed off the path of travel to avoid becoming a potential

hazard as an unmarked obstacle for people with visual impairments.

• Curved stairways shall never be the only means of vertical travel since they are difficult to

negotiate by many people due to their circular motion and uneven tread depth.

• All landings, treads, and nosings shall be stable, firm, slip-resistant, and free of projections

that could cause tripping.

• Exterior stairs shall be sloped 10mm per meter (1/8” per foot) to drain surface water.

3.1.2 Landings The distance between landings shall be minimized to provide resting areas for people with

respiratory, stamina, and balance difficulties.

The landings shall:

• Have handrails that are continuous throughout the landing area.

• Be large enough to allow others to pass a person in this area without risk of falling.

Refer to section 3.4 of the NBC for detailed stair design requirements.

3.1.3 Treads Stairs shall:

• Have uniform riser heights and tread depths

• Have risers not more than 175mm (7”) high for people with stiff knee joints and for children.

• Have treads not less than 275mm (11”) deep, measured from riser to riser. It is recommended

that treads are 325mm (1’1”) deep to ensure that a person can securely place his or her entire

foot on the step.

• Have no open risers. People who wear leg braces or prosthetic devices need a solid riser to

guide the foot up the riser to the next step. People with crutches and canes place the crutch or

cane against the riser for stability.

• Have treads that are slip-resistant, glare-free, matte finish, and have colour and brightness-

contrasted edges if nosings are not provided.

3.1.4 Nosings Nosings shall:

• Have the horizontal and vertical faces of the nosing colour and texture contrasted from the

treads and risers

• Project not more than 38mm (1 ½”).

• Have no abrupt undersides.

• Be flush, angled, or rounded.

26

• Have a radius of curvature at the leading edge of the tread not more than 13 mm (1/2”).

• Where projecting, be sloped to the riser at an angle greater than 60 to the horizontal.

• Be illuminated at least 200 lux. Illumination of the stairs from the lower landing directed up

increases the visibility of the tread edge.

• Be slip-resistant.

• Be apparent from both directions of travel.

3.1.5 Detectable Warning Surfaces- Visual and Tactile At the top of all flights of stairs and on landings, there shall be a detectable warning surface to

inform people with visual impairments of any drop in elevation. The detectable warning surface shall

contrast from its surroundings in its use of colour for people with low vision, and in its use of

texture, and resiliency for blind persons. The material used as a detectable warning surface shall be

installed as an integral part of the walking surface.

The warning surface must not exceed by more than 3mm (1/8”) above or below the surrounding

surfaces, be detectable as different through texture, sound and colour, and be slip resistant. No other

similar surfaces shall be used within the building that could be confused with the warning surface.

There must be sufficient coverage to ensure there is time to recognize the surface and react before the

first step is taken.

Detectable warning surfaces shall:

• Extend the full width of the stairs.

• Extend 600mm (2’0”) starting one tread depth back from the top stair.

All stairs in existing buildings shall be refurbished to have a minimum of a visually contrasting strip

at the top and bottom of all flights of stairs; this is a minimum requirement for persons with low

vision to detect any change in elevation.

The visual contrast may be achieved with yellow or orange epoxy paint.

28

3.2 Ramps

Ramps are important as a means of vertical circulation for people on wheelchairs and scooters,

parents with strollers, deliveries, and people with walkers.

3.2.1 Definition Floors or walks in a barrier-free path of travel having a slope greater than 1:20 shall be designed as

ramps. Any slope of 1:20 or less steep is not a ramp and does require handrails, guards, etc.

3.2.2 Slope Ramps with a slope of greater than 1:16 can be very difficult for people with limited upper body

strength. They pose less of a problem for people in motorized wheelchairs; however, steep slopes can

be unsafe to descend especially outdoors in severe climates.

General requirements for slopes:

• For a maximum vertical rise of 75mm (3”), the allowable slope shall be 1:10.

• For a vertical rise between landings that exceeds 75mm (3”), the maximum allowable slope

shall be 1:16.

• If restricted by limited space when retrofitting a McGill building, ramps with a slope of 1:12

shall be restricted to lengths not exceeding 3m.

• The maximum permitted cross slope is 1:50.

3.2.3 Clear Width Ramp widths vary according to their use and slope. The minimum clear width shall be 900mm

(3’0”). Where two ways pedestrian traffic is anticipated, a ramp shall be a minimum width of

1800mm (6’0”) to accommodate two wheelchairs or scooters passing each other.

3.2.4 Landings (See Figure 9)

There are three types of ramp landings:

a) Landings along a ramp:

Level areas of not less than 1500mm (5’0”) long and at least the same width as the ramp are

required at intervals of not more than 9m (30’0”) along its length. These landings provide rest

areas for people with disabilities. It is preferred that all landings be a minimum of 1500mm x

1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) or larger even if the ramp width is less than 1500mm (5’0”). This is the

minimal dimension required for a person in a manual wheelchair to turn around and go in the

reverse direction. Creating landings that are large enough for power wheelchairs 2250mm x

2250mm (7’6” x 7’6”) and for scooters 3150mm x 3150mm (10’6” x 10’6”) to turn around

must be considered.

b) Landings at ramp turns, tops and bottoms:

A level area not less than 1500mm x 1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) is required for turning and for

landings at the top and bottom of the ramp. Switchback ramps require a turning clear area of a

minimum of 1500mm x 1800mm (5’0” x 6’0”).

c) Landings leading to a door:

A level area not less than 1500mm x 1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) plus an extension of not less than

600mm (24”) beyond the latch of the door on the pull side, and 300mm (12”) beyond the latch

of the door on the push side, is required at landings leading to a door.

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3.2.5 Interior and Exterior Ramp Surfaces Ramp and landing surfaces shall be slip-resistant. McGill Standards recommends Tarasafe Super

with maximum slip-resistance for interior ramp surfaces.

3.2.6 Detectable Warning Surfaces

At the beginning and the end of the ramp, there shall be a detectable warning surface, which must be

marked with colour, texture, and resiliency contrasting from the surrounding surfaces. This is

particularly important for people with visual impairments.

3.2.7 Outdoor Conditions Exterior ramps and their approaches shall be designed so that water does not accumulate on the

transitional surfaces or landings, and shall be sheltered from snow and ice where possible.

3.2.8 Ramp Edge Protection Ramps and landings not at grade or adjacent to a wall shall have edge protection so that wheelchairs

and scooters cannot veer off the ramp surface and to assist people with white canes. Edge protection

is in addition to guards and handrails.

The ramp edge protection shall consist of ONE of the following:

• A rail with the bottom edge not more than 75mm (3”) above the ramp or landing surface.

• A curb with a minimum height of 75mm (3”).

• A raised barrier of a minimum height of 75mm (3”) with its lower edge not more than 75mm

(3”) above the ramp or landing surface.

3.2.9 Illumination Ramps require a minimum lighting level of 200 lux that is consistent throughout.

3.2.10 Maintenance

Snow and debris shall be removed immediately. Any wear that disrupts the firm and level surface

will eliminate the usefulness of the ramp and shall be repaired immediately.

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3.3 Handrails

Handrails are safety features that enable people to steady themselves and provide cues as to the

degree of slope. On ramps, handrails also provide extra support for people using manual wheelchairs

to either slow down or pull themselves up the slope.

3.3.1 General Requirements (See Figure 10)

Notwithstanding the requirements of the NBC, handrails shall be provided on both sides of interior

and exterior stairs and ramps regardless of their width, length or type. When handrails are installed at

intermediate points between the sides, they shall be placed to minimise interference with the general

flow of traffic.

Handrails on stairs and ramps shall:

• Have a circular section, 30-40mm (1-1 ½”) in diameter, or an approved oval shape providing

an equivalent gripping surface.

• Be free of any sharp or abrasive elements.

• Have continuous gripping surfaces, without interruption by newel posts, other construction

elements, or obstructions that can break a hand hold. The continuity of the handrail is

particularly important for people with visual impairments who rely on handrails to assist them

in negotiating changes in direction.

• Be continuous, on both sides of the stairway or ramp, including the landing, except at

doorways.

• Have a clear space between the handrail and the wall of 35-45mm (1 1/2-2”); or at least 60mm

(2 ½”) where the wall has a rough surface.

• Be at a uniform height throughout the stairway or the ramp.

• Return to the wall, floor or post to avoid creating a hazard particularly for people with visual

impairments.

• Be colour contrasted from their surrounding surfaces to be easily detectable by people with

visual impairments.

• Have a detectable warning finish such as a roughened surface for a minimum distance of

1200mm (4’0”) long located immediately before the potential hazard if the handrails leads to a

hazardous area.

• Be designed to support 113kg (250lb) and be kept securely fastened at all times.

• A recess containing a handrail shall extend at least 450mm (1’6”) above the top of the rail.

McGill Standards recommends circular steel handrails or an approved alternative material.

3.3.2 Ramp Handrails (See Figure 10) A ramp run with a rise greater than 150mm (6”) shall have handrails that:

• Are installed on both sides to aid people who may have strength only on one side.

• Are spaced apart at a minimum distance of 900mm ± 25mm (3’0” ± 1”).

• Are continuous on the inside of switchback or dogleg ramps and

• When not continuous, extend horizontally at least 300mm (1’0”) beyond the top and bottom of

the ramp.

McGill Standards requires 2 handrails conforming to the following specifications:

• One wheelchair accessible handrail mounted between 600mm – 750mm (2’0” – 2’6”) above

the ramp surface and

• One guard mounted between 850mm – 950mm (2’10” – 3’2”) above the ramp surface.

32

3.3.3 Stair Handrails Handrails as described in CSA, 4.6, Handrails, shall conform to the requirements in NBC, 3.4.6.4

and NBC, 3.4.6.5, Guard. They shall:

• Be installed on both sides.

• Have their tops between 800mm and 900mm (2’7”-3’0”) from the stair nosing.

• Have a continuous inside handrail on switchback or dogleg stairs.

• Where not continuous,

i Extend at the top of the stairs parallel with the floor surface not less than 300mm (1’0”).

The extension would aid people with physical disabilities to regain balance after

completing the flight of stairs.

ii. Continue at the bottom of the stairs to slope for a distance equal to the depth of one tread

and then extend parallel to the floor surface not less than 300mm (1’0”). The extension

would aid people with physical disabilities to steady themselves before using the stairs.

3.4 Guards

Guards shall conform to the requirements of NBC, 3.4.6.5, Guards.

General requirements for improved accessibility:

• Openings between the guard members shall be 100mm (4”) or less.

• Where windows are located on stairways or ramps, guards shall be installed covering the glass

as protection from unintentional injury. The potential of injury consists of a person losing

balance or control of a wheelchair or a scooter and consequently falling into the glass.

• The design of the guard must not permit children to climb up. No horizontal pieces must be

added between the guards located from 140mm to 900mm (5 ½” to 3’0”).

34

3.5 Elevators (See Figure 11)

The specifications below for elevators are subject to review by the University's elevator

consultants.

The requirements for elevators are outlined in detail in Appendix E of CSA Standard CAN/CSA -

B44 - M90; an excerpt is included in Appendix C of CSA, Barrier-Free Design; McGill Standards

conform to the CSA standard.


• A barrier-free path shall lead to an elevator.

• There shall be a minimum of two elevators for every floor, to provide a back-up unit.

• At least one of these elevators shall be located near the accessible entrance.

• A clear level area immediately in front of the elevator is required. A minimum of 1500mm x

1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) for a manual wheelchair, 2250mm x x2250mm (7’6” x 7’6”) for a

power wheelchair, and 3150mm x 3150mm (10’6” x 10’6”) for a scooter is required.

• The elevators must service all levels including garage levels.

• The elevator doors shall have a matte finish to reduce glare and shall be colour-contrasted

from the surrounding surfaces.

• The gap between the elevator car and the building shall not be more than 35mm (1 ½”) wide.

• Elevator lobbies shall be appropriately illuminated to not require a great transitional

adjustment time in the level of lighting between the elevator car and the lobby. Elevator cars

are required to have a level of lighting of 400 lux; therefore, the lobby shall have a similar

lighting level. This is particularly important for people with visual impairments.

• Elevator lobbies and elevator floors shall not be carpeted.

• Elevators shall never have keyed access or require summoning an operator or staff person,

other than in secured areas. These features limit independence and are stigmatising and

segregating.

• An indicator shall be installed to identify the location of the elevators. It shall be illuminated

and have the characters colour contrasted, a maximum of 1750mm (5’10”) from the floor and

be a minimum of 50mm (2”) high.

3.5.2 Signage and the Hall Call Button Signage indicating the floor level shall:

• Be placed on the door jamb 1350mm (4’6”) from the finished floor to the centre of the

number.

The numerals shall:

• Be colour contrasted.

• Be raised a minimum 1.6mm (1/16”).

• Be 50mm (2”) high.

• Be repeated in Braille to the left of the number or character.

The hall call button shall:

• Be placed to the right of the elevator door or in between sets of two elevators.

35

• Be located no higher than 1200mm (4’0”) from the floor to the centre of the buttons. A

horizontal control panel is a design alternative.

• Be located at least 300mm (1’0”) from a corner.

• Have a clear space of at least 900mm x 1500mm (3’0” x 5’0”) in front of the buttons.

• Be a minimum of 25mm (1”) in diameter mounted one above the other.

• Have visual, tactile, Braille and audible signals to indicate which car is approaching and its

direction of travel, located at each elevator entrance. The audible signal shall sound in the car

and in the elevator lobby; it shall either sound one tone indicating the elevator is going up and

two tones indicating the elevator is going down or have a verbal enunciator indicating the floor

number and whether the car is going up or down.

• Not have sensitive buttons. People using the tactile and Braille information may activate such

buttons inadvertently.

3.5.3 Elevator Car

• The minimum car dimensions shall be 1500mm x 1700mm (5’0” x 5’8”) for manual

wheelchairs and stretchers, 2250mm x 2250mm (7’6” x 7’6”) for power wheelchairs, and

3150mm x 3150mm (10’6” x 10’6”) for scooters.

• The elevator doors shall have a clear width of at least 900mm (3’0”).

• The elevator car shall have handrails installed at the back and side walls of the car and

mounted at 850mm (2’10”). The handrails must be graspable and colour contrasted from their

surroundings.

• The flooring must be firm and slip resistant. It shall be colour contrasted from the walls and

colour and texture contrasted from each elevator lobby.

• The walls of the elevator car shall be glare free.

• An inclined mirror or a full length mirror shall be mounted on the back wall of the elevator car

to enable a wheelchair user to execute a reverse exiting; this is required only in existing

elevators that do not provide the minimum 1500mm x 1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) turning circle.

• The elevator must have automatic controls, and a levelling device to ensure the car floor is

level with the elevator lobby floor to +13mm (1/2”).

• The door delay shall be at minimum of 5 seconds.

• The door shall have reopening activators with sensors located at 125mm (5”) and 725mm

(2’5”) above floor finish to avoid contact as a person, cane or dog crosses through the

doorway. These activators do not require contact, and remain effective for a period of not less

than 20 seconds.

• As the car passes each floor, an audible tone or a verbal enunciator shall sound inside the

elevator car.

• A minimum lighting level of 400 lux is required.

3.5.4 Elevator Car Controls

• Elevator control buttons shall not be located higher than 1350mm (4’6”) from the floor finish

to the top of the control panel.

• Emergency and alarm buttons shall be located no lower than 875mm (2’11”).

• Buttons shall be no smaller than 25mm (1”) in diameter.

• When pushed, buttons shall recess no more than 10mm (3/8”).

• Buttons shall not be heat sensitive.

36

• Arabic numerals sans-serif shall be located to the left of the floor buttons and be colour

contrasted from the background, no less than 16mm (5/8”) high, raised a minimum 1.6mm

(1/16”), and repeated in grade two Braille under the numeral or pictogram.

• Symbols shall identify key features including a star to mark the main floor.

• The door open and close buttons as well the emergency call button shall be located at the

bottom of the panel and be indicated with a contrasting colour.

• A telephone shall be located no higher than 1200mm (4’0”) from the floor with a cord at least

900mm (3’0”) long. It shall be identified with a pictogram 38mm (1 ½”) high and projecting

0.8mm (1/32”). The cabinet shall have a D-shaped handle. The telephone shall include a

volume control. An intercom device is acceptable provided that there be a visual and audible

confirmation of the call being received.

Facilities Development has standards for call button, these standards shall be consulted.

3.5.5 Platform Lifts

Platform lifts should not be used. They are unreliable and generally require high maintenance. In

addition, the controls on platform lifts are not appropriate for persons with certain disabilities. They

can provide an option in renovations when other means are not possible, but shall never be used in

new construction. If platform lifts are considered to be the only means for providing access, the

technical requirements for platform lifts shall conform to those outlined in CAN/CSA - B355

Standard.


• Platform lifts shall be self-levelling. The requirements for handrails, call buttons, cabin

control panels and floor enunciator as outlined in CAN/CSA - B355, shall apply.

• McGill Standards recommends the following features: anti-creep device; downspeed-limiting

device; upper and lower limits; slack cable safety device, where applicable; emergency battery

lowering and automatic recharging in down direction in building power failure; emergency

alarm and in-car lighting in building power failures.

• Platform lifts shall be large enough to accommodate at least one person in a wheelchair and

one ambulatory person at the same time. It shall have sufficient turning space if turning is

required to enter or exit.

• Platform lifts are only appropriate for moving no more than 2400mm (8’0”) vertically when

unenclosed and 7000mm (24’0”) when enclosed. Longer distances require an elevator.

• Vertical clearances at landings shall be a minimum of 1950mm (6’6”).

38

4. PLUMBING SERVICES

4.1 Washrooms

4.1.1 Locations Required A barrier-free washroom shall be provided at the main entrance level of every McGill

building. An accessible toilet shall be provided on every floor where washrooms are provided.

In retrofitting a building for washrooms, an accessible washroom shall be located at every third floor.

An accessible washroom with a private sink unit shall be located at all major academic building

entrances where there is a significant population with disabilities. Accessible washrooms and

accessible stalls shall be designated by the appropriate International Symbol of Accessibility.

Inaccessible washrooms shall have directional signage in their vicinity to indicate the barrier-free

path of travel to the nearest accessible unisex washroom or toilet room. The accessible washroom

shall not be located more than 15m (50’0”) away of the inaccessible washrooms.

4.1.2 Public Washrooms’ Entrances The entrance to public washrooms that integrate accessible toilet stalls shall be made accessible. An

entrance with two doors in a series or a partition wall with insufficient room to manoeuvre creates

difficult and awkward situations.

• The preferred entrance is with no doors and with a minimum of a 1200mm (4’0”) wide

path into the washroom.

• If two doors are unavoidable, the doors shall have power openers and have a minimum of

1500mm (5’0”) clear space between the door swings.

• A clear space of 1500mm x 1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) in front of the entry to the toilet stall is

required.

• It is recommended to have a minimum distance of 2250mm (7’6”) between the stall door

and the entrance to the washroom.

• The aisle to the washroom stalls needs to be a minimum of 1200mm (4’0”) wide.

4.1.3 Basic Washroom Units There are two basic washroom units: a 'toilet' unit and a 'toilet with private sink' unit:

4.1.3.1 Toilet unit (See Figure 12)

For new construction,

• The floor area for an accessible toilet unit shall be a minimum of 1500mm x 2400mm

(5’0” x 8’0”).

• Accessible toilet Stall doors shall be colour contrasted from their surroundings to be easily

recognized by people with visual impairments.

• Doors for toilet stalls and accessible unisex cabins shall be outward swinging and equipped

with self-closing gravity hinges, or

• Provide a door pull on the inside of the door to reduce the distance needed to pull it closed

from the inside of the stall. The door pull shall:

• Be at least 140mm (5 ½”) long.

39

• Be located 100mm (4”) from the hinge edge of the door to the midpoint of

the handle.

• Be located 900mm (3’0”) high from the floor to the midpoint of the handle.

• An additional door pull shall be located on the latch side of the outside of the

door.

• The minimum required clear width of the door opening is 850 mm (34”).

• The door must be lockable from inside the stall with a mechanism that does not require

tight grasping or pinching.

• At least 300mm (1’0”) clear floor space is required beyond the latch side of the doors.

• A minimum 1500mm x 1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) clear floor space shall be provided adjacent

to the toilet for a side transfer from the wheelchair to the toilet.

• A minimum 1500mm x 1500 mm (5'0" x 5'0") clear space shall be provided in front of an

accessible toilet stall door.

• The toilet stall door shall abut the required minimum clear floor space.

• Existing privacy walls or entrance screens that project into the minimum required clear

area of 1500mm x 1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) on the pull side of the door shall be shortened

until the clear floor space requirement is met or removed (and another privacy alternative

shall be considered).

For retrofitting toilet units,

In general, to facilitate the retrofitting of accessible units into existing washroom areas, the above

standards are reduced to allow for the conversion of TWO standard washroom stalls into ONE

accessible toilet unit. However, if additional space is available, then every attempt shall be made

to achieve the standards listed above. Existing washrooms retrofitted to provide an accessible

stall shall meet the following minimal requirements:

• A minimum 1500mm x 1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) floor area.

• A minimum 900mm (3’0”) clear floor space in front of toilet.

• A minimum 900mm (3’0”) clear floor space adjacent to toilet.

• A toilet stall door aligned to face the minimum 900mm (3’0”) clear floor space.

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4.1.3.2 Toilet Unit with Private Sink (See Figure 12)

For many disabilities, a person requires a private area with a sink to administer various toilet

assistive devices, as well as to possibly accommodate an attendant. This toilet facility has the

same features as a toilet unit BUT also includes the sink unit, dryer etc. within a private area. As a

result, the unit is self-sufficient and can be used by a person with disabilities with an attendant.

These facilities, if designed as an independent room, can also function as a 'unisex' installation.

McGill Standards comply with the requirements outlined in CSA, Section 5.7. Individual

Washrooms shall follow the guidelines referred to above for the “toilet unit”, in addition to the

following requirements:

• A minimum floor area of 1700mm x 2400mm (5’8” x 8’0”) is required.

• A minimum clear floor space of 1500mm x 1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) is required, 475mm

(1’7”) a maximum of which may be underneath the sink.

• The toilet room door shall abut the minimum required clear floor space.

• A minimum 900mm (3’0”) clear area is required between the toilet and the next fixture or

protruding object or accessory.

• A minimum 750mm x 1200mm (2’6” x 4’0”) clear space in front of the sink is required;

475mm (1’7”) a maximum of which may be underneath the sink

4.1.3.3 Washroom Layouts (See Figure 13)

The layout of a washroom shall comply with the various clearances for doors and sinks as

outlined within this report.

4.1.4 Fixture Details (See Figure 14)

4.1.4.1 Toilet Fixture

McGill Standards recommends American Standard Cadet 406mm (16”) High Elongated 13L

Toilet model number 2616, or equivalent.

• The top lip of fixture shall be between 400mm (1’4”) and 450mm (1’6”) above the floor.

• The centre-line of the fixture shall be at 450mm (1’6”) from the wall/stall partition. This

location provides opportunities to use a grab bar on the sidewall to assist with transferring

from a wheelchair onto the toilet.

• The flush control shall be mounted:

• On the tank or wall (not on the floor).

• On the transfer side of the toilet.

• No higher than a 1000mm (3’4”).

• It shall be operable without grasping.

• Alternatively, McGill Standards recommends the installation of automatic flushing toilet

fixtures.

• Toilets shall include back support, which can be the seat, water tank, or a permanently

affixed support.

• The seat shall be firmly in the down position (no spring activated seats).

• A receding base will increase useable clear floor space for manoeuvring.

• The tank top shall be bolted down to eliminate movement when used as a support.

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McGill Standards recommends that toilets be located adjacent to solid wall construction, or that

adequate bracing of adjacent stall partitions be provided for secure mounting of grab bars and

support hardware.

4.1.4.2 Sinks

Sinks shall be American Standard Wheelchair Users Lavatory model number 9141 011, equipped

with American Standard Monterray Two-handle Centre Set Sink faucet with gooseneck spout

model number 7501 170, or equivalent. They shall:

• Be mounted with the top lip of fixture at a height of 850mm (2’10”) above the floor.

• Be located at 450mm (1’6”) distance from wall/stall partition, measured to the centre-line

of the fixture.

• Have a clear knee space not less than 800mm (2’8”) wide, 200mm (8”) deep and 675mm

(2’3”) high.

• Have a clear toe space not less than 800mm (2’8”) wide, 225mm (9”) deep and 300mm

(1’0”) high.

• Have a clear floor space not less than 900mm (3’0”) wide and 1500mm (5’0”) deep of

which a maximum of 425mm (1’5”) in depth may be underneath the lavatory.

• Have hot water and drain pipes insulated if they abut the clearances noted above, unless the

hot water temperature is limited to 45° C (113°F).

• Have faucet handles that shall:

• Be operable by a closed fist or be automatic.

• When not automatic, be a single long lever faucet handle (short levers are not

recommended).

• Have hot and cold marked with colour contrasted, raised letters

• Not require constant pressure.

• Not be spring loaded.

• Be within 600mm (2’0”) of the front face of the washbasin or counter.

Alternatively, McGill Standards recommends the installation of infrared taps; this would

require less effort from persons with disabilities.

4.1.4.3 Miscellaneous Controls (See Section 5.8)

Controls for the operation of building services and facilities such as electrical switches,

thermostats and intercoms, and controls for the operation of fixtures, appliances and machine

hardware shall:

• Be accessible to a wheelchair user.

• Be located between 450mm (1’6”) and 1200mm (4’0”) from the finished floor area.

• Be operable with one hand.

• Be operable without tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the wrist.

• Be operable with a force of less than 22N (5 lbs).

4.1.4.4 Toilet Paper Dispensers:

Toilet paper dispensers shall be roll-type dispensers without controlled delivery.

The tissue rolls shall be located so that the forward edge is no more than 900mm (3’0”) from the

back wall; and mounted below grab bars, but not less than 600mm (2’0”) above the floor,

measured to the centre of the roll. McGill Standards recommends Frost Vertical Double-Roll

Toilet Tissue Dispenser model number 159, or equivalent.

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4.1.4.5 Sanitary Napkin Dispensers

Sanitary Napkin Dispensers are recommended for all women's compartments. They shall:

• Be mounted below grab bars.

• Be within reach from a sitting position.

4.1.4.6 Miscellaneous Fixtures and Accessories

Miscellaneous fixtures and accessories include hand dryers, soap and paper cup dispensers,

shelves, and waste receptacles. Accessories shall:

• Not protrude into the path of travel. It is preferred that they be recessed. If this is not

possible, as in existing buildings, accessories shall not protrude more than 100mm (4”).

• Be located no higher than 1200mm (4’0”) from the floor for easy reach from a standing or

seated position.

• If placed over a counter or other object, not require a forward reach of more than 600mm

(2’0”).

• Have a clear space of 900mm x 1500mm (3’0” x 5’0”) in front of all accessories. The long

dimension of the clear space may be back from the accessory for a forward reach or as the

width when a side reach is necessary. Clearance under the washbasin or accessory can be

included as the clear space dimension.

• Be operable with one hand and not require twisting or grasping.

• Be placed in logical locations and be colour contrasted from their surrounding surfaces.


• Paper towel dispensers shall be in easy reach of the basin to avoid having to wheel or walk

with wet hands.

• Waste receptacles shall be directly below paper towel dispensers.

• Shelves shall be included when the washbasin is not located in a counter. The shelf shall be

no higher than 1200mm (4’0”) and located off the path of travel.

• All dispensers with visual markings shall have tactile, raised lettering or pictograms.

4.1.4.7 Grab Bars

a) Grab bars shall be Bobrick B-6106.99 or equivalent, designed to meet the following

specifications and CSA standards:

• Grab bars must have a diameter of no less than 31mm (1 ¼”) and no more than 38mm (1

½”).

• Clearance between the wall and the grab bar shall be at least 38mm (1 ½”), but no more

than 44mm (1 ¾”).

• The finish shall be slip-resistant (peened).

• The bars shall be installed so that the grab bar and its mounting devices shall resist a load

of 1.3kN (300lbf) applied horizontally or vertically at any point.

b) Horizontal Side Grab Bars

The horizontal grab bar adjacent to the toilet shall:

• Be installed at a height of 850mm (2’10”), measured from the floor to the centre-line of the

bar.

• Be mounted no more than 300mm (12”) from the rear wall.

• Extend at least 450mm (1’6”) both forward and backward from the front edge of the toilet.

• Be no less than 1200mm (4’0”) long.

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c) Horizontal Back Grab Bars

The horizontal grab bar behind the toilet shall:

• Be at the same height as the side horizontal grab bars or

• Be at a height that provides minimum 50mm (2”) clearance above the level of the toilet.

• Be at least 600mm (2’0”) long.

d) Vertical Grab Bars

Vertical grab bars shall:

• Be mounted at a height that provides 150mm (6”) clearance above the side horizontal grab

bar.

• Be mounted no more than 250mm (10”) from the front edge of the toilet.

• Be at least 600mm (2’0”) long.

4.1.4.8 Stall and Private Washroom Locks

Stall locks shall not require tight grasping or pinching. McGill Standards recommends Sani-Tech

Inner Turn Knob Handicapped model number 601110.

Private accessible washrooms shall have a turn knob that has an automatic release upon exiting.

McGill Standards recommends a mortise lock by Corbin/Russwin model number ML2030 NSA

x 630.

4.1.4.9 Coat Hooks

An accessible toilet stall shall have a coat hook on the side wall mounted no higher than 1200mm

(4’0”) and projecting not more than 50mm (2”) from the wall. McGill Standards recommends

Sani-Tech Coat Hook 25.4mm (1”) projection model number 790042.

4.1.4.10 Inclined mirrors

Every accessible sink shall be provided with a mirror. The mirror shall be inclined allowing a

person in a wheelchair to obtain a full view. McGill Standards recommends Bobrick B-293 series

for inclined mirrors. Alternatively, a full length mirror may be installed in the toilet unit.

4.1.4.11 Lighting

Lighting within the stall shall be a minimum of 200 lux (20 footcandles)

4.2 Bathrooms and Showers

For bathroom and shower accessibility requirements, refer to section 8.1, Bathrooms and

Showers (Residences, Athletic Facilities, etc).

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4.3 Other Plumbing Installations

4.3.1 Drinking Fountains (See Figure 15)

Where drinking fountains are provided, they shall conform to the following requirements:

• Dinking fountains shall have a clear area of not less than 900mm (3’0”) wide x 1500mm

(5’0”) long to allow a person using a wheelchair or scooter to have a frontal approach of the

drinking fountain. 425mm (1’5”) can be underneath the unit if:

For 200mm (8”) from the front face there is a clear space 700mm (2’4”) high for

knee clearance.

For a further depth of 225mm (9”) there is an additional 225mm (9”) high for toe

clearance.

• For a parallel approach to drinking fountains without knee space, the longer dimension shall

be parallel with the front of the unit: 1500mm (5’0”) wide x 900mm (3’0”) deep.

Drinking fountain spouts shall:

• Be located between 750mm and 900mm (2’6” and 3’0”) high.

• Be installed at the front of the drinking fountain.

• Be directed so that the water flows parallel or near parallel to the front face of the unit.

• Be directed so that the water flows at least 100mm (4”) high so that a cup can be inserted.

Drinking fountain controls shall:

• Be mounted at the front or to both sides of the unit near the front face.

• Have a control mechanism of 'push bar' type rather than 'twist' type

Drinking fountains shall be located off the path of travel. It is preferred that all drinking fountains be

recessed to minimize the hazard to persons with visual disabilities.

Drinking fountains which cannot be recessed shall have the leading edge of the sides extend below

675mm (2’3”) from the finished floor.

McGill Standards recommends drinking fountains by Haws model number HWBFA8L.

4.3.2 Kitchens McGill standards conform to CSA standards in addition to the requirements outlined in section 5.9,

Counters.

4.3.3 Laundry Rooms McGill standards conform to CSA standards.

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5. OTHER FACILITIES

5.1 Auditoria, Theatres, Lecture Halls, Classrooms

Wheelchair spaces in auditoria, theatres, lecture halls, and classrooms shall meet the requirements

outlined in CSA, 8.2, Viewing Positions.

5.1.1 Number of Wheelchair Spaces The following table indicates the minimum wheelchair seating requirements in relation to the seating

capacity of the auditorium/theatre/lecture hall:

Number of seats Minimum Number of Wheelchair Spaces Required

2-50 2

51-100 3

101-300 5

301-500 6

over 500 6, plus 1 for each additional 100 seats or part there of

in excess of 500 seats

Table2: Minimum number of accessible seating spaces

Adapted from UDI


• Wheelchair areas shall be located on level ground.

• Accessible spaces shall be available on all levels and shall provide a variety of viewing

locations and pricing options. Accessible spaces shall be provided at a minimum at each

entrance level; certain persons with disabilities cannot look up; therefore, providing a variety

of locations is very important.

• Where accessible spaces are located, they shall be arranged so that at least 2 designated spaces

are arranged immediately adjacent to each other or across the aisle from each other.

Immediately adjacent to the wheelchair accessible spaces, there shall be ambulatory seating

for companions.

• Wheelchair areas shall be located as not to block circulation paths. Also considerations shall

be taken to ensure that people sitting behind wheelchair accessible spaces do not have their

view obstructed since people on wheelchairs may be higher than those in assembly seats.

• The accessible spaces must be located adjacent to an accessible route that also serves as an

emergency exit route. It is preferred that accessible seating locations be situated near

emergency exits.

• The accessible route shall connect the accessible wheelchair seating locations with

washrooms, eating and drinking vendors.

• The stage or platform shall also be wheelchair accessible and connected with a barrier-free

route from the accessible spaces.

• The edge of the stage and stairs shall be marked with a contrasting colour and texture.

49

• Standard signage shall be installed on the back of the seats to designate the seating.

• All auditoria, theatres and lecture halls shall be equipped with an FM loop system for the

hearing impaired. McGill Standards recommends the Phonic Ear FM System.

• In addition to spaces designated for people using wheelchairs or scooters, not less than one

seat, preferable one percent, of fixed seating, shall be an aisle seat with removable, foldable or

no armrest. This type of seating could be used for persons to transfer from a wheelchair or

scooter into the fixed seating. Availability of this seating shall be clearly posted.

• All auditoria, theatres, lecture halls, and classrooms shall be equipped with electrical outlets.

This is particularly important for blind persons who rely on a note taker.

The way in which the space is approached and the adjoining aisle width determine the clear area

required at accessible spaces. The following dimensions may prove unsuitable for larger

wheelchairs and scooters.

• The size of a wheelchair space for a side approach shall be at least 900mm (3’0”) wide by

1500mm (5’0") long with a 1200mm (4’0”) wide aisle.

• The size of a wheelchair space for a front or rear approach shall be at least 900mm (3’0”) wide

by 1200mm (4’0") long with a 1200mm (4’0”) wide aisle.

5.1.2 Wheelchair Spaces in Rooms with Fixed Work Stations Every classroom, work-study area and seminar/conference room with fixed work stations shall have

at least one accessible workstation that meets the following requirements; such work stations shall be

accessible by an aisle no less than 900mm (3’0”) in width:

• The clear floor space required at work stations shall be not less than 900mm x 1500mm (3’0”

x 5’0”).

• The clear knee space required at work stations shall be at least 700mm (2’4”) high, which may

overlap the clear floor space by a maximum of 475mm (1’7”).

In Classrooms, accessible workstations shall be located close to the entrance to facilitate evacuation

in case of an emergency.

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5.1.3 Workstation Design Standards (See Figure 16)

Counters intended to be used as work surfaces shall comply with the following requirements:

• Be at least 1200mm (4’0”) wide x 600mm (2’0”) deep.

• Be mounted at a height of not more than 750mm (2’6”).

• Have a clear floor space of not less than 900mm x 1500mm (3’0” x 5’0”), which may extend

up to 475mm (1’7”) underneath the work surface

• Provide a clear knee space at least 1200mm (4’0”) wide x 475mm (1’7”) deep x 700mm

(2’4”) high.

• Have no sharp or abrasive surfaces underneath.

• Have accessible electrical outlets at the side or near the front.

An accessible outlet shall be mounted at a height of not more than 1200mm (4’0”) in the vicinity of a

designated accessible workstation or wheelchair space.

5.2 Labs

5.2.1 Number of Adapted Stations Labs include all science labs, draughting rooms, computer rooms and music studios.

Each lab shall be equipped with ONE adapted workstation (see section 5.1.3), including one

accessible sink if required. Controls for one element of each piece of lab equipment (including fume

hoods) and all safety equipment shall be at an accessible height.

5.2.2 First Aid and Emergency Equipment In laboratories, emergency facilities, such as showers, eyewash and first aid kits, shall be located at a

height of 1200mm (4’0”) above the floor.

5.3 Food Services

All major food service outlets shall be fully accessible in terms of their location and in terms of the

provision of the food service within the room. Turnstiles do not constitute acceptable means of

control gates.

5.3.1 Circulation • Entrances shall provide clear openings not less than 850mm (2’10”) in width.

• The minimum clear width of aisles, between displays and at check-out aisles shall be not less

than 1200mm (4’0”).

• Provide a 750mm (2’6”) x 1200mm (4’0”) parking space for the wheel chair at the table.

• Provide at least 1200mm (4’0”) of clearance between the table and any obstruction to allow

the client to manoeuvre into position at the table.

• Allow at least 900mm (3’0”) of clearance behind furniture for traffic and manoeuvring.

• A table with a centre pedestal offers less obstruction than a table with corner legs.

52

5.3.2 Fixtures • Slide trays and counters shall be not more than 850mm (2’10”) high. They shall be well

marked and colour contrasted.

• Display units shall have price information at a height not more than 1500mm (5’0”) from the

floor to the top of display information.

• Display units and products shall be not more than 1200mm (4’0”) above the floor.

• Menus shall be in large print and illuminated to a level of not less than 100 lux.

• Items shall be placed logically and located so as to not require more than 600mm (2’0”)

forward or side reach.

5.3.3 Vending Machines Machines and coin-operated vending machines shall have controls at a height not more than

1200mm (4’0”) and no less than 450mm (1’6”) above the floor. It is recommended that product

displays reach a height of not more than 1500mm (5’0”). Buttons should be in a tactile format.

5.3.4 Retail Some of the general concerns related to retail services include the following:

• No item shall be located higher than 1200mm (4’0”).

• Aisles shall have a minimum clear width of 1200mm (4’0”).

• Aisles shall be kept clear of display.

• Check out locations shall be accessible (see 5.8. Counters).

• Change rooms shall have a minimum 850mm (2’10”) clear opening doorway, a minimum

1500mm x 1500mm (5’0” x 5’0”) clear space within the change room, lower clothes hooks,

and a lever door handle operable with one hand and not requiring fine manual dexterity to

operate.

• Cart barriers shall permit a person using a wheelchair unrestricted access.

5.4 Libraries

5.4.1 Control Gates Turnstiles are not acceptable as the sole access control for libraries.

• The minimum clear opening width of control gates shall be 850mm (2’10”).

• Magnetic sensors or push bars mounted at a height of 1050mm (3’6”) shall be provided as the

security control system in libraries and other occupancies with security control requirements.

• An accessible gate shall be provided beside turnstiles that may exist and shall be

independently operable by a wheelchair user with controls that do not require great physical

effort or fine motor control.

5.4.2 General Requirements • Check out locations shall be accessible (see 5.8, Counters).

• Aisles shall have a minimum width of 1200mm (4’0”).

• Microfilm, slide viewers, computer terminals shall be located with controls no higher than

900mm (3’0”), with the screen at a seated position eye level (approximately 1200mm (4’0”)).

• If the floor is carpeted, a low pile carpet shall be used with the grain running in the direction

of the path of travel.

53

5.5 Miscellaneous Services

5.5.1 Bank Machines Bank Machines shall comply with the accessibility criteria for service counters as outlined in section

5.8.

5.5.2 Copy Services Copy Services shall comply with the accessibility criteria for service counters as outlined in section

5.8. in addition to the following requirements:

• The button panel shall be at a maximum height of 850mm (2’10”).

• The glass plate shall be at a maximum height of 950mm (3’2”).

• The coin box shall be at a maximum height of 1200mm (4’0”).

5.6 Lighting

Illumination levels shall be not less than 100 lux in laboratories and not less than 50 lux in all other

facilities. The minimum illumination level required at floor and tread level at angles, intersections

and changes in level where there are stairs or ramps shall:

• Be 50 lux in every exit, in every public corridor, and in every corridor providing access to an

exit and other occupancies.

• Be 100 lux in recreation rooms and residence common rooms

• Be 200 lux in washrooms, service rooms, laundry rooms and at the level of the edge of stair

nosings.

McGill Standards conforms to the requirements in NBC 3.2.7.1, Minimum Lighting Requirements.

5.7 General Room Fixture Controls (Switches, thermostats, etc)

Controls for the operation of building services, including electrical switches, thermostats and

intercom switches, and controls for the operation of fixtures, appliances and machine hardware shall:

• Provide a clear space of at least 900mm x 1500mm (3’0” x 5’0”) in front of the control to

accommodate a person on a wheelchair.

• Be located between 450mm (1’6”) and 1200mm (4’0”) above the floor.

• Be operable without tight grasping, pinching or twisting of the wrist.

• Be operable with one hand. People with canes, crutches, or packages, missing or limited

movement of limbs, or balance difficulties may have the use of only one hand to complete the

required task and may not have the fine finger dexterity. A number of sequential operations

are permitted but not if both hands are required to perform at the same time.

• Be operable with a force of less than 13N (3 lbs).

• Information on controls shall be in large print and easy to read. The addition of Braille shall be

considered.

• A minimum illumination level of 100 lux is required.

54

5.8 Counters (See Figure 16)

To approach and access a counter serving the public, a barrier-free path shall lead to a clear area of

900mm x 1500mm (3’0” x 5’0”) immediately in front of the counter; this area may extend up to

475mm (1’7”) underneath the work surface. The clear area allows for a parallel approach by a person

on a wheelchair.

Knee and toe clearance shall be a minimum of:

• 1200mm (4’0”) wide

• 700mm (2’4”) high

• 600mm (2’0”) deep

If a counter does not provide knee and toe clearance, it shall:

• Have a clear floor area of 900mm x 1500mm (3’0” x 5’0”) immediately in front of the table.

• Have a clear toe clearance of 225mm (9”) high by 150mm (6”) deep.


• Upper cabinets shall begin at a height of 350mm (1’2”) from the counter.

• Cabinet doors and drawers shall be colour contrasted from the surrounding surfaces.

• Cabinet doors shall have D-type handles that are colour contrasted.

• Cabinet doors shall open 180°.

• Drawers shall extend fully.

• Light switches and electrical receptacles located over the counter shall be no higher than

1200mm (4’0”) from the floor.

• Tables and chairs shall be colour contrasted from the surrounding surfaces.

Cantilevered tables or tables with straight legs at each corner are preferred over pedestals which

restrict clearance underneath the table.

55

6. EMERGENCY SERVICES

6.1 Fire Safety: Exiting, Protected Areas of Refuge

• Horizontal exits conforming to the requirements outlined in NBC 3.4.6.9, Horizontal Exits, shall

provide for the independent movement of persons with mobility impairments.

• All fire extinguishers and alarm pulls shall be reachable whether seated or standing. The controls

shall be a maximum 1200mm (4’0”) high, but not lower than 900mm (3’0”), with a clear floor

space of 900mm x 1500mm (3’0” x 5’0”) immediately in front.

• Zones of protected floor areas (refuge areas) shall be considered in every new construction of

McGill buildings. A refuge area is a safe area where persons with mobility impairments can wait

to exit or to be evacuated by firefighters. They shall be located in intuitive locations such as near

elevators and exit stairs. • Refuge areas shall be connected and independently accessible. • In situations where a person with a disability cannot reach the exterior or an area of refuge

independently, emergency telephones/intercoms connected to the central security facility shall be

provided.

6.2 Fire Alarm Systems

Notwithstanding the requirements outlined in NBC 3.2.4, Fire Alarms and Detection Systems, all

McGill buildings and facilities shall be provided with a fire alarm system incorporating visual and

audible signals.

6.2.1 Audible Signal Appliances Audible signals required in this section shall be heard distinctly throughout the floor area in which

they are installed and shall:

• Have a decibel rating of 90-98 decibels at 3 meters (10 ft), or

• Exceed by 15 decibels the ambient sound level of equipment in the vicinity, or

• Exceed by 5 decibels any maximum sound level with a duration of 30 seconds,

whichever is loudest.

In no case, the audible signal shall exceed 120 decibels.

The audible alarm signal shall be intermittent.

McGill Standards recommends Edwards (Genesis Compact Fire Alarm Horn/Strobes model number

EG1R-HV15).

6.2.2 Location of Audible Alarm Appliances • Audible signal appliances shall be placed immediately above emergency exit doors.

• Additional appliances shall be located in the ceilings of corridors, foyers, rooms and other access

to exits so as to form an audible pathway to the emergency exit door; the audible pathway is

particularly important for people with visual impairments

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6.2.3 Visual Signal Appliances Visual alarm signals shall:

• Be located such that the signal from not less than one appliance is visible throughout the floor

area or portion thereof in which they are installed.

• Consist of lights that flash at a frequency of approximately 2 Hz in conjunction with other alarm

signals.

• Be significantly brighter than the surrounding environment, and installed 1950mm (6’6”) from

the floor. They shall be located no more than 15m (50’0”) apart.

• Be continuous, dynamic, and directional. Installing lighted exit signs that flash and beep when the

alarm system is activated is very useful.

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7. COMMUNICATIONS

7.1 Signage (See Figure 17)

• Signage shall be installed considering the pattern of use of the building from the user’s point of

view.

• Signage must indicate clearly the elements and facilities within a building which are accessible. It

shall be provided at inaccessible locations indicating the way to alternate accessible routes,

facilities, and entrances.

• The official symbol for accessibility indicates to persons with physical disabilities that they will

have a reasonable freedom of movement within a building so signed.

• Signage includes but is not limited to directional signage, evacuation maps, directories, building

location maps, and building and room identification signs.

7.1.1 Signage Requirements

Signs related to barrier free access are required at the following locations:

• An exterior sign shall be located at the main accessible entrance.

• If the main building entrance is not accessible, a sign shall be installed at the main entrance

providing direction to the nearest accessible entrance.

• When not all exits are barrier-free, signage must indicate the nearest accessible egress.

• In entrance lobbies, the following signs shall be installed:

- Signs noting the location of the elevators, accessible washrooms, and other accessible

services in the building.

- Signs for major services available to the general population, e.g., cafeterias, photocopy

services, reception counters.

- Signage required for emergency situations.

- Directional directory, at main intersections, to indicate directions to main services,

accessible routes within the building and directions to other buildings.

• At each floor level, the following signs shall be installed:

- Directional signs to accessible facilities on the floor, or on the nearest accessible floor.

- Signs for accessible routes to reach accessible services, if different from the general

route.

- Signage required for emergency situations.

- Directional directory, at main intersections, to indicate directions to main services,

accessible routes within the building and directions to other buildings

Changes in illumination, colour contrasts between wall and floor surfaces at intersections, consistent

location of directional signage and special equipment for the visually impaired shall be provided to

help people with visual impairments distinguish pathways and identify locations.

Wherever possible, signage for access shall be incorporated into the standard signage system of

the campus.

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7.1.2 Design Standards The design standards for signage for persons with disabilities are as follows, and shall become

universal standards for all signage at the University:

• Directional symbols must be clear, sharp and not highly stylised.

• Signs shall use Arabic numerals and lettering sans-serif.

• The character’s height must be determined based on the intended viewing distance.

Minimum Character Height Maximum Viewing Distance

200mm (8”)

150mm (6”)

100mm (4”)

75mm (3”)

50mm (2”)

25mm (1”)

6000mm (20’0”)

4600mm (15’0”)

2300mm (8’0”)

2300mm (7’6”)

1500mm (5’0”)

750mm (2’6”)

Table3: Character height to viewing distance

Adapted from CSA-B651-95: Barrier-Free Design, A National Standard of Canada

• Visual symbols are preferred to written instructions.

• All signage within a building shall be placed with its centreline at 1350mm (4’6”) from the

finished floor to be easily read from a seated or standing position. Any overhead signage shall

be duplicated and located within this designated area.

• Contrasting colours as defined by the ADA colour guidelines. In most cases, white graphic

symbols and white text on the standard blue background is recommended for signs which are

expressly for the purposes of barrier free access.

• Signs shall have characters, numbers and symbols, raised 0.80mm (1/32”) minimum,

complying with the requirements of CSA 6.4.4, Tactile Characters and Symbols.

• Signs shall consist of the appropriate international symbol with raised image pictogram,

accompanied by the equivalent text description and Grade 2 Braille translation.

• Pictograms shall be a minimum of 100mm (4”) in height within a field a minimum of 150mm

(6”) in height.

• Text and Braille translation shall not be within the 150mm (6”) vertical field in which the

pictogram appears.

• Elevator entrances shall be identified with raised character and Grade 2 Braille floor

designations, 50mm (2”) high and raised 0.80mm (1/32”), provided on both jambs at a height

of 1350mm (4’6”) above the floor.

• A minimum clear area of 900mm x 1500mm (3’0” x 5’0”) is required immediately adjacent to

the directory to allow a person on a wheelchair or scooter to approach the sign.

• Signs shall be approachable with no obstacles or protrusions in front of them, to allow people

with low or no vision to come in contact with the sign.

• Signs shall be illuminated uniformly over their surface at a level not less than 200 lux and not

less than the ambient light or visible light source behind or in front of the sign. A lighting

level of 300 lux is preferred.

• Lighting shall not create shadows or glare.

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• Signs shall be glare-free; this may be achieved by using eggshell, matte or another non-glare

finish.

• Signs for assertive listening facilities shall be located to indicate the locations of facilities for

people with hearing disabilities.

7.1.3 Sign Installation Locations Wayfinding signs shall be located at decision points throughout the circulation system; these points

may be at intersections, stairs, elevators and escalators. A series of signs at each decision point along

a route is preferable to one sign at the beginning.

Room signs shall be mounted on the wall adjacent to the latch side of the door:

• At a height of 1350mm (4’6”) from the floor to the centre-line of the sign, except for larger

signs, the Braille translation shall be located near the 1350mm (4’6”) height.

• At a distance not more than 150mm (6”) from the door jamb, and

• Otherwise mounted such that a person can approach within 76mm (3”) and avoid the door

swing and protruding objects.

Information signage in scrolling video display format shall not be permitted, except if corresponding

information audio messages are provided for visually impaired persons.

7.1.4 Parking Signage

At the entrance to parking structures, signage must be installed to indicate the location of accessible

parking spaces if all levels and all areas are not accessible.

Accessible parking stalls must be designated through the use of a vertical sign and a symbol painted

on the parking surface.

Vertical Sign:

• The International Symbol of Access under a no parking symbol is commonly accepted as

indicating accessible parking stalls.

• The words “permit required” must be included.

• The sign shall be 600mm high by 300mm wide (2’0” x 1’0”).

• It must be mounted 1500mm (5’0”) from the ground or 2250mm (7’6”) from the ground to the

bottom edge if the sign is mounted where people will work beneath.

• Where van accessible spaces are provided, they shall be identified as “Van Accessible” on the

vertically mounted sign.

McGill University recommends the use of the City of Montreal’s standard parking vertical signs.

Parking Surface:

• On paved parking surfaces, a painted international Symbol of Access shall be centred on the

parking space and shall be 1000mm square (3’4”).

• This painted International Symbol of Access is only complementary to the vertical sign since

it may be obscured with snow and weathering.

7.1.5 Floor Numbering

The consistent use of the floor numbering system is particularly important for people with visual

impairments.

Signage indicating the floor level shall:

• Be placed on the stair side of the wall at the latch side of doors to exit stair shafts.

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• Be located 1350mm (4’6”) from the finished floor to the centre of the number.

The Arabic numerals shall:

• Be colour contrasted.

• Be raised a minimum 1.6mm (1/16”).

• Be 60mm (2”) high.

• Be repeated in Braille to the left of the number or character.

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7.2 Telephones (See Figure 18)

McGill Standards conforms to the requirements outlined in CSA, Section 6.2, Public Telephones.

Where public telephones are provided, at least one shall be barrier-free and accessible to users in

wheelchairs and with hearing impairments. Telephones, enclosures and related equipment shall

comply with the requirements for protruding objects in Section 3.2 of the document Designs for the

Visually Impaired and CSA section 3.4.

• Telephones shall have push button controls of the largest diameter available; the numerals and

letters on the buttons shall be colour contrasted from the surrounding surfaces.

• The minimum handset cord length shall be 1000mm (3’4”).

• The minimum illumination level at operating mechanisms, the directory and shelf shall be 200

lux.

• The maximum height of operable parts of the telephone, including the coin slot, shall be

1200mm (4’0”) from the floor.

• A telephone directory shelf at least 500mm (1’8”) wide and 350mm (1’2”) deep shall be

provided.

• The directory shall be accessible at a height between 750mm (2’6”) and 850 mm (2’10”)

above the floor.

• A clear floor space not less 900mm x 1500mm (3’0” x 5’0”) shall be provided in front of the

telephone and this space may extend a maximum of 475mm (1’7”) underneath the telephone if

a clear height of 700mm (2’4”) is provided for knee space. This clear floor space renders the

telephone accessible to people on wheelchairs or scooters.

• Telephones for persons in wheelchairs shall be identified by the international symbol of

access.

7.2.1 Telephones for Use by Deaf and Hard of Hearing Persons Telephones for the hearing impaired shall:

• Be Ultratec Superprint or Krown Research Memory printer 2000D. This unit is equipped with

volume control and a flux coil and complies with CSA Standard CAN3-T515.

• At least one public telephone in each area where public telephones are available shall be a

TTY/TDD, Telecommunication Device for the Deaf, payphone and display the international

symbol for TTY/TDD. This system allows communication through typed messages.

In addition, a shelf at least 500mm (1’8”) wide and 350mm (1’2”) deep, with at least a 250mm (10”)

clear space above the shelf, shall be provided for a Telecommunication Device for the Deaf (TDD).

The top surface of the shelf shall be not more than 850mm (2’10”) above the floor (NBC

3.7.3.14(2)). Attention must be paid so that the shelf does not infringe on clear knee space to

accommodate a person using a wheelchair.

A receptacle must be placed next to all telephone jacks for TTY/TDD equipment.

Telephones for use by deaf and hard of hearing persons shall be identified by the symbol of

accessibility.

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7.2.2 Emergency Telephones/Intercoms (See Figure 19)

Emergency telephone/intercoms shall conform to specifications provided by the McGill

Telecommunications Office. They shall be installed at a height of 1200mm (4’0”) and have a large

size emergency red button.

McGill Standards approves the use of two models on campus. Ramtech model number R2A which

provides direct communication with adaptable transport services and Ceeco model number WPP-

531-FD-ADA which provides communication with McGill security

7.3 Assistive Listening devices

All classrooms, auditoria, meeting rooms and theatres, and including other assembly occupancies

with an area of more than 100m2 (11,500ft

2) shall be equipped with an assistive listening device

encompassing the entire seating area; except where the required assistive listening device is an

induction loop system, only half the seating area in the room need be encompassed.

Digital hearing aid Phonic Ear, induction loops, infrared systems and FM radio frequency systems

shall be considered acceptable assistive listening systems for hard of hearing persons. In addition

Assistive listening devices, as described in CSA, Section 6.3, Assistive Listening Systems, and NBC,

Section 4.3.7.3.7, shall be provided in every auditorium, theatre, concert hall, lecture hall with a

capacity exceeding 50 persons.

7.4 Controls


• All operable controls and mechanisms, such as vending machines, telephones, light switches,

automatic banking machines, etc., shall be located between 450mm (1’6”) and 1200mm (4’0”)

from the finished floor. The minimum dimension provided is in consideration of people who

have difficulty bending, reaching down, or are prone to dizziness.

• Electrical switches, thermostats, intercoms, fire alarms pulls, etc. shall be no higher than

1200mm (4’0”). Receptacles to plug in electrical equipment, appliances, and telephone jacks

shall be located no lower than 450mm (1’6”). Consider placing a receptacle next to all

telephone jacks for TTY/TDD equipment

• Control panels angled horizontally or vertically and located at 900mm (3’0”) from the floor

provide both standing and seated users visual and reaching ranges.

• In order to approach and use the controls, a clear space of at least 900mm x 1500mm (3’0” x

5’0”) shall be provided.

• The controls shall be operable with one hand and shall not require fine finger dexterity such as

twisting or tight grasping. It is important that only reasonable physical effort be required to

operate any control (less than 13N (3lbf)). People with canes, crutches, or packages, missing

or limited movement of limbs, or balance difficulties may have the use of only one hand to

complete the required tasks and/or may not have fine finger dexterity. A number of sequential

operations are permitted, but not if both hands are required to perform at the same time.

• Lever, rocker, push-bar or automatic-controls shall not be heat sensitive. Illuminated rocker

type controls are preferred.

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• Information on controls shall be in large print and easy to read. The addition of Braille shall be

considered, particularly on vending machines.

• A minimum of 100 lux is required to provide appropriate illumination.

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8. RESIDENCES

McGill Standards complies with the requirements outlined in CSA, Section 10, Residential Units,

including the additional requirements of CSA Section 10.2, 'Complete Access', and this document.

8.1 Bathrooms and Showers (Residences, Athletic Facilities, etc)

The doorway to at least one bathroom within a suite of residential occupancy shall comply with

McGill Standards outlined below.

8.1.1 General Specifications Individual bathrooms and shower rooms shall:

• Have a minimum 1500mm (5’0”) diameter clear turning space.

• Have an outswinging door equipped with lever hardware and providing a clear opening not

less than 850mm (2’10”) in width.

• The installation of plywood between the studs around the bathtub to a height of 1200mm

(4’0”) shall be considered to allow for grab bars to be installed at a later time.

8.1.2 Fixture Details 8.1.2.1 Bathtubs

• Bathtubs require a minimum 900mm (3’0”) clear floor space in front of the tub. The lavatory

may encroach upon this floor space a maximum of 300 mm (1’0”).

• A level surface a minimum of 400mm (1’4”) deep and the width of the bathtub, at the back of

the bathtub and at the same height as the tub rim, may be helpful for people with certain

disabilities. This area may function as a transfer seat. A person may transfer from a wheelchair

to the transfer seat, swing their legs into the tub, and with the aid of grab bars lower

themselves into the bathtub.

• Bathtubs enclosures shall be designed to not interfere with the transferring in and out of the

tub. Doors mounted on the tub rim are not acceptable.

• The controls shall not be more than 450mm (1’8”) above the bathtub rim.

• A hand held shower head must be installed whether it may be instead of or in addition to the

wall-mounted showerhead.

• Grab bars shall be at least 1200mm (4’0”) long, located horizontally along the length of the

bathtub, 180mm – 280mm (7”-11”) above the bathtub rim and another similar grab bar

located vertically at the foot end of the bathtub adjacent to the clear floor space with the lower

end 180mm – 280mm (7”-11”) above the bathtub rim.

8.1.2.2 Showers/Roll-in Showers

An accessible shower stall has sufficient clear space to accommodate a person remaining in the

wheelchair while showering. If the shower stall has a seat within the shower area, the option of

transferring from a wheelchair to the seat is available. This seat is also useful for people who have

difficulty standing for a long time or have balance limitations.

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Each residence shall have at least two roll-in showers. Showers shall comply with the

requirements outlined in CSA, Section 5.8, Shower Stalls. In addition to the following

requirements:

• A public accessible shower stall must be at least 1500mm (5’0”) long x 900mm (3’0”) deep

to allow a person to remain in a wheelchair while showering. The entry into the shower

shall be the 1500mm (5’0”) dimension.

• The minimum required clear space in front of the shower entry must be at least 1500mm

(5’0”) x 900mm (3’0”) of clear space. The 1500mm (5’0”) dimension must be parallel to

the shower entrance.

• The water heater thermostat shall be set at a temperature no higher than 43 C (109 F).

• The stall floor shall be slip resistant.

• Curbs shall be no higher than 13mm (1/2”). When a curb is between 6mm (1/4”) and 13mm

(1/2”), it must have a bevelled slope no steeper than 1:2 (50%). The curb shall be colour

contrasted from the surrounding surfaces.

• The floor shall slope as little as possible and it is preferable that the drain is located under

the seat.

Shower Seats:

It is preferred that roll-in showers have a hinged seat without spring action. A hinged seat

provides options to transfer to the seat, raise the seat and have more clear space to remain in a

wheelchair, or to be standing. The seat shall:

• Be located on the side wall for easy transfer.

• Be easy to clean and impervious to water.

• Be colour contrasted from the surrounding surfaces.

• Be located 450mm (1’6”) above the floor.

• Be at least 475mm (1’7”) wide.

• Be at least 400mm (1’4”) deep.

• Be affixed securely to withstand at least 1.3KN (300lbf).

Grab Bars:

The general requirements for grab bars in section 4.1.4.7. apply, in addition to the following

specific requirements:

• In a shower stall, a horizontal grab bar shall be located on the wall opposite the entrance.

The grab bar is preferred to be L-shaped and shall:

Be at least 900mm (3’0”) long horizontally and 750mm (2’6”) vertically.

Be located with the centreline 850mm (2’10”) high from the floor.

Be set with at least 300mm (1’0”) along the seat on the side wall.

• A vertical grab bar shall be located at the side wall opposite the seat 75mm (3”) to 125mm

(5”) from the outside edge. This grab bar shall be a minimum of 750mm (2’6”) long and be

installed so that the bottom edge is between 700mm to 800mm (2’4” to 2’8”) from the

floor.

• Normally, a horizontal bar would be required on the wall where the seat is located. Since

the bar would prevent the person from leaning back, it is suggested to use the seat in

conjunction with other bars for transfer; fold away bars may be considered as an

alternative.

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Controls and Shower Head:

• Controls shall be mounted on the long wall and be reachable from the seat.

• Controls shall be operated with one hand and require no tight grasping, pinching or

twisting.

• Controls shall be mounted not more than 1200mm (4’0”) above the floor.

• The water heater thermostat shall be set at a temperature no higher than 43 C (109 F).

• A hand held shower head with a minimum 1500mm (5’0”) flexible hose shall be included.

• A support for the shower head for hands-free use is required.

• The hand held shower head must be reachable from the seat.

8.1.2.3 Pressure-Balancing Valves

McGill Standards recommends pressure-balancing valves for bathtub, shower and lavatory supply

units for controlling pressure fluctuations and maintaining a set mix of hot and cold water. The

following features are recommended:

• Anti-scald: if one supply pressure shuts off, then the other automatically shuts off.

• Adjustable hot water limit stop to limit maximum temperature.

• Turns on and off through the cold position.

It is recommended that they be CSA approved and comply with CSA B.125.

8.1.2.4 Soap dishes

Soap dishes shall:

• Be recessed.

• Be located on the same wall as the shower head and controls.

• Be mounted at a maximum height of 1200mm (4’0”) for controls and accessories or

• Be mounted below the grab bar and the rim of the bathtub.

8.2 Kitchens

For kitchen counters and cabinets, refer to section 5.9 Counters

8.3 Balconies

Residential units shall have direct access to a barrier-free balcony. The balcony must be a minimum

of 1500mm (5’0”) deep from the face of the exterior wall to the inside edge of the handrail. There

shall be at least 2.3m² (25 ft²) for each occupant using a wheelchair and 0.5m² (5 ft²) for each

ambulatory occupant.

standards for barrier-free campus - mcgill university · 2019. 5. 29. · can/csa-b651-m90...

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