standard 5 notes pt. 2

8/8/2019 Standard 5 Notes Pt. 2

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Chapter 9 Notes

Cellular Respiration


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9-1 Chemical Pathways All living organisms need food to survive.

Food provides living things with thechemical building blocks they need togrow and reproduce.


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9-1 Chemical Pathways1 gram of glucose releases 38 11 calories

of heat energyCalorie (c) : the amount of energy

needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 Celsius degree

The calories on food labels (C) arekilocalories or 1000 calories


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9-1 Chemical PathwaysCells gradually release energy from

glucose and other food compounds.Cellular respiration is the process that

releases energy by breaking down foodmolecules in the presence of oxygen.- 3 parts : glycolysis, the Krebs cycle,and the electron transport chain


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9-1 Chemical PathwaysEquation for Cellular Respiration

6O2 + C 6H1 2O6 6CO2 + 6 H 2O + Energyoxygen+glucose carbon+water+energy

dioxide


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Glucose

Glycolysis Krebscycle

Electrontransport

Fermentation(without oxygen)

Alcohol or lactic acid

9-1 Chemical Pathways


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9-1 Chemical PathwaysThe first set of chemical reactions in

cellular respiration is glycolysis.G lycolysis is the process in which one

molecule of glucose is broken in half,producing two molecules of pyruvicacid, a 3-carbon compound


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9-1 Chemical PathwaysNet results of glycolysis

- 2 molecules of ATP are gained- 2 molecules of N ADH are gained- 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3C) are

formed from1

glucose molecule


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2 ADP 4 ADP 4 ATP

2 Pyruvicacid

2 ATP

Glucose


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9-1 Chemical PathwaysW hen oxygen is present in the cell,

glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle.If there is no oxygen present, glycolysis

is followed by fermentation.F ermentation releases energy from food

molecules in the absence of oxygen


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9-1 Chemical PathwaysBecause fermentation does not re quire

oxygen it is said to be anaerobic .

The two main types of fermentation arealcoholic fermentation and lactic acidfermentation


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9-1 Chemical Pathways Alcoholic fermentation is used mainly by

plants and yeasts- alcohol is the product

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in musclecells when the body cannot supplyenough oxygen to the tissues- lactic acid is the product


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S ection QuizThe raw materials re quired for cellular respiration

are

carbon dioxide and oxygen.glucose and water.glucose and oxygen.carbon dioxide and water.


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S ection QuizG lycolysis occurs in the

mitochondria.

cytoplasm.nucleus.chloroplasts.


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S ection QuizFermentation releases energy from food

molecules in the absence of

oxygen.glucose.N ADH.alcohol.


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S ection QuizThe first step in fermentation is always

lactic acid production.

the Krebs cycle.glycolysis.alcohol production.


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9-2 The Krebs Cycle and

Electron TransportOxygen is used for the final steps of

cellular respiration. Because thepathway re quires oxygen, it is said tobe aerobic .

In the presence of O 2, pyruvic acid passeson to the second stage of cellularrespiration, the Krebs cycle


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Electron TransportDuring the Krebs cycle , pyruvic acid is

broken down into carbon dioxide in aseries of energy-extracting reactions

Net result of the Krebs cycle- 2 molecules of pyruvic acid enter

- 8 molecules of N ADH are gained- 2 molecules of FADH 2 are gained- 2 molecules of ATP are gained


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Citric AcidProduction

Mitochondrion


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Electron TransportFrom glycolysis and the Krebs cycle high

energy electron carriers, N ADH and FADH 2,are produced. The electrons are thenpassed to the electron transport chain.

The electron transport chain uses highenergy electrons to convert ADP to ATP.

ETC Movie pt 1ETC Movie pt 2


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Electron Transport


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Electron Transport


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Electron Transport

ATPsynthase


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Electron Transport

ATP

ATPsynthase

Channel


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S ection QuizThe Krebs cycle breaks pyruvic acid down into

oxygen.N ADH.carbon dioxide.

alcohol.


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S ection QuizIn eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is

located in the

cell membrane.inner mitochondrial membrane.cytoplasm.outer mitochondrial membrane.


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S ection QuizTo generate energy over long periods, the body

must use

stored ATP.lactic acid fermentation.cellular respiration.glycolysis.


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S ection QuizW hich statement correctly describes

photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellularrespiration stores energy.Photosynthesis and cellular respiration use the sameraw materials.Cellular respiration releases energy, whilephotosynthesis stores energy.Cellular respiration and photosynthesis produce thesame products.

standard 5 notes pt. 2

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